We conclude that there is no advantage to delaying induction of labor when women present at term with spontaneous rupture of membranes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Spontaneous membrane rupture has been associated with an incompetent cervix - producing 'forewater' rupture - multiple births, foetal distress, chorioamnionitis, and breech presentation. Links: management [gpnotebook.com]

[…] infection may already be present or may develop - both clinical signs and laboratory tests should be monitored antibiotic treatment is effective in prolonging pregnancy and in reducing both maternal and neonatal morbidity but will not reduce neonatal [aippg.net]

delivery of the presenting fetus at 18.4 weeks, and delivery of an infant at 29.9 weeks with no chronic complications. [nature.com]

Quintero RA: Treatment of previable premature ruptured membranes. Clin Perinatol 2003;30:573–589. [karger.com]

Treatment for premature rupture of membranes: Specific treatment for PROM will be determined by your physician based on: your pregnancy, overall health and medical history extent of the condition your tolerance for specific medications, procedures or [chw.org]

[…] indicated in the presence of malpresentation or fetal distress but confers no benefit in an otherwise uncomplicated vertex presentation infection may already be present or may develop - both clinical signs and laboratory tests should be monitored antibiotic treatment [aippg.net]

Treatment The normal treatment of PROM is delivery, especially if there are any complications such as fetal compromise or suspected infection. [study.com]

In addition, the following post-marketing reports for the same class of enzyme replacement therapy used in the treatment of ADA-SCID, may also be seen with Revcovi treatment: Hematologic events: hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocythemia [revcovi.com]

PMID: 703981 Prognosis Palta M, Sadek M, Gabbert D, Brady W, Weinstein MR, McGuinness G, Peters ME Am J Perinatol 1996 Feb;13(2):109-14. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-994303. PMID: 8672182 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In pregnancies in which ROM occurred before 20 weeks, the prognosis was poor. In this group, later age at delivery did not confer a survival advantage. [nature.com]

· Antibiotics (up till delivery) Prognosis Prognosis to fetus and newborn depends on: · gestational age, · presence of intrauterine infection, · antibacterial treatment, · pre-, intra- and postnatal care quality. Smaill F. [folk.uio.no]

Midtrimester (13-26 wk) PPROM has a poor prognosis, although more recent studies have reported better outcome. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[from NCI] Etiology Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014 Jan;124(1):59-62. Epub 2013 Oct 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.07.018. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Genetics Genetic susceptibility has been reported for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), two etiologies that may lead to the complication of TM perforation (1)[C]. [unboundmedicine.com]

This study aimed at determining the clinicoepidemiological pattern, etiological factors, clinical presentation, and management of tympanic membrane perforation in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. [njcponline.com]

The role of infections in the etiology of spontaneous abortion is controversial. [firattipdergisi.com]

Epidemiology Incidence in the general population is unknown because many perforations heal spontaneously. [unboundmedicine.com]

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: review of the epidemiology and outcome. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2002; 57 :245–256. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 8. Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology PROM occurs in 6-19% of term pregnancies. [ 1 ] P-PROM occurs in 2% of all pregnancies. [ 2 ] P-PROM is associated with 40% of preterm deliveries and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. [patient.info]

Epidemiological data on time interval from PROM to spontaneous labour suggests that most (86%) women go into spontaneous labour within 24hrs of rupturing their membranes. The rate of spontaneous labour after this is about 5% per day. [midwifery.org.uk]

Luo, X. (2015) Obstetrical Disease Spectrum in China: An Epidemiological Study of 111,767 Cases in 2011. [scindeks.ceon.rs]

Eustachian tube dysfunction and inability to equalize middle ear pressures Rapid changes in ambient pressures (air flight or deep-water diving) Insertion of objects into ears, frequent cotton tip use Head trauma, exposure to explosions Etiology and Pathophysiology [unboundmedicine.com]

This leads to limited prediction and prevention of sPTL-IM due to its complex pathophysiological process. [intechopen.com]

[…] return to top Pathophysiology Normally, cells of amniotic membrane are programmed to die at term. Cell death activates collagenase, a catabolic enzyme that leads to degradation of the membranes. [sharinginhealth.ca]

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 174: 64-69 [ PM ] [ EČ ][ GS ] Choi, Y.Y. (2014) Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies. [scindeks.ceon.rs]

[…] may be necessary to prevent further complications). [chw.org]

Giving women in high-risk situations (like SRoM for longer than 18 hours) antibiotics when in labour can prevent most newborn GBS infection. In these women, giving antibiotics in labour reduces the risk of GBS from 1 in 476 to 1 in 8351. [newcastle-hospitals.org.uk]

Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease--revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 Nov 19. 59:1-36. [Medline]. ACOG. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 485: Prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease in newborns. [medscape.com]

[…] transmission of this bacteria to the fetus, regardless of earlier treatments.[11] Controversial or not recommended[edit] Preventative tocolysis (medications to prevent contractions): the use of tocolytic medications to prevent labor contractions is controversial [en.wikipedia.org]

What you can do to prevent PROM and PPROM Obtaining good prenatal care, getting adequate nutrition and avoiding smoking could lower your chances of both PROM and PPROM. [whattoexpect.com]