Weiner, Bernard Gonik, Caroline Crowther, and Stephen Robson present an evidence-based approach to the available management options, equipping you with the most appropriate strategy for each patient. [books.google.com]

We are using cookies for the best presentation of our site. Continuing to use this site, you agree with this. [medicine.academic.ru]

Family history of hypothyroidism or goiter is present in 20% of cases. Lack of circulating thyroid hormone activates TSH secretion, which causes overstimulation and hyperplasia of defective thyroid gland. [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] is present. 4. [homeomagnet.com]

• Goiter

  Thyroid nodule Uninodular goiter (nontoxic) 241.1 Nontoxic multinodular goiter Multinodular goiter (nontoxic) 241.9 Unspecified nontoxic nodular goiter Adenomatous goiter Nodular goiter (nontoxic) NOS Struma nodosa (simplex) 242 Thyrotoxicosis with or [icd9cm.blogspot.com]

  […] thyroid goiter Dyshormonogenic thyroid goiter Goiter, dyshormonogenic Applies To Congenital (dyshormonogenic) goiter Goiter due to enzyme defect in synthesis of thyroid hormone Goitrous cretinism (sporadic) ICD-9-CM Volume 2 Index entries containing [icd9data.com]

  Other chapters consider the various types of thyroid diseases, including simple goiter, acute inflammations, Grave's disease, and granulomatous diseases of the thyroid. [books.google.com]

• Hypothermia

  Diagnostic Considerations Conditions to consider in the differential diagnosis of iodine deficiency include the following: Euthyroid sick syndrome Hurthle cell carcinoma Hypothermia Hypothyroidism Goiter - Nontoxic, toxic nodular, lithium-induced Thyroiditis [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Clinical Synopsis: Neck: Ectopic thyroid; Hypoplastic thyroid; Thyroid agenesis; Goiter HEENT: Large posterior fontanel; Noisy breathing; Nasal stuffiness; Macroglossia Neuro: Hypothermia; Lethargy; Hypotonia Cardiac: Bradycardia Growth: Poor feeding; [genome.jp]

  Also desirable administration of sedative antihistamine drugs, adrenergic blockers, cardiac glycosides, oxygenotherapy, hypothermia, particularly on regions of major vessels, medical narcosis, extracorporal method of detoxycation. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Developmental Disorder

  It is accompanied in many areas of this region by endemic cretinism, deaf-mutism, and other developmental disorders and thus constitutes a significant health problem. [annals.org]

  Early detection and prompt intervention of developmental disorders with consequent prevention of mental retardation is among the most widely supported public health goal [ 24, 25 ]. Screening programs were developed to achieve such aims. [omicsonline.org]

• Fatigue

  Menorrhagia is very common in female. l) Muscular cramps, fatigue, weakness and pain of rheumatism may be present. Tests for thyroid disease : Blood tests commonly used to measure TSH, T3, T4 and free T4. [homeomagnet.com]

  Mental slowness, fatigue, irritability, and loss of interest may be mistaken for, and treated as, "depression" (they should revoke somebody's license, but it happens every day), or there may be hallucinations and delusions ("myxedema madness" -- people [pathguy.com]

• Cough

  She had no cough, n‘ ; fever. [archive.org]

  During the procedure the patient must force by himself or cough, that causes the emergence of the upper pole or entire goiter above breastbone. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Hypotension

  Besides antithyroid therapy, are advisable reserpin that characterized by hypotensive, sedative and antithyroid activity, beta-blockers and tranquilizers for decreasing stimulation of CNS. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Macroglossia

  Cretinism  Fetal or infantile hypothyroidism  Endemic and sporadic  Sporadic –agenesis ,dyshormonogenesis  Hoarse cry, macroglossia, umbilical hernia  Immediate diagnosis and treatment 4. [slideshare.net]

  Macroglossia may be due to tumor; eg, lymphangioma. The dry skin of ichthyosis may be misleading. All causes of stunted growth and skeletal development must be considered as well. [generalhealthtopics.com]

  The physical examination may reveal failure to thrive, large anterior and post fontanelles, dry skin, jaundice (usually prolonged), mottling, umbilical hernia, macroglossia and coarsening of the facies. A goiter may be present. [omicsonline.org]

  Clinical Synopsis: Neck: Ectopic thyroid; Hypoplastic thyroid; Thyroid agenesis; Goiter HEENT: Large posterior fontanel; Noisy breathing; Nasal stuffiness; Macroglossia Neuro: Hypothermia; Lethargy; Hypotonia Cardiac: Bradycardia Growth: Poor feeding; [genome.jp]

• Strabismus

  Neurological cretins have predominantly neurological manifestations, such as abnormalities in hearing and speech, congenital diplegia, strabismus, and only occasionally myxoedema. [archive.unu.edu]

  The eyes are widely separated and sometimes present strabismus. The eyelids are often cedematous. [archive.org]

• Hearing Impairment

  Prevalence Rates of Hearing Impairment and Comorbid Conditions in Older People: The Veneto Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 46, Issue. 9, p. 1069. CrossRef Google Scholar Lautermann, Jürgen and ten Cate, Wouter-Jan F 1997. [cambridge.org]

• Hearing Problem

  Hearing problems and hormonal disturbances in the elderly. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Vol. 111, Issue. sup476, p. 44. CrossRef Google Scholar Anand, V. T. Mann, S. B. S. Dash, R. J. and Mehra, Y. N. 1989. Auditory Investigations in Hypothyroidism. [cambridge.org]

• Dry Skin

  It features dwarfism, mental retardation, dry skin, a large tongue and a puffy face. Cretinism occurs mainly in regions remote from the sea. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  * Poor metabolism * Hypothyroidism * Lethargy * Growth failure * Enlarged tongue * Dry skin Causes - Cretinism athyreotic * Dry skin * Enlarged tongue * Flattened nose * Growth failure * Hypothyroidism * Lethargy * Mental retardation * Protruding abdomen [checkorphan.org]

  Adult type  • bradycardia  • cold extremities  • dry skin and hair  • periorbital puffiness  • hoarse voice  • bradykinesis, slow movements  • delayed relaxation phase of ankle jerks. [slideshare.net]

  The dry skin of ichthyosis may be misleading. All causes of stunted growth and skeletal development must be considered as well. [generalhealthtopics.com]

  The physical examination may reveal failure to thrive, large anterior and post fontanelles, dry skin, jaundice (usually prolonged), mottling, umbilical hernia, macroglossia and coarsening of the facies. A goiter may be present. [omicsonline.org]

• Sweating

  Change of skin: a) Skin is thin, smooth and silky. b) Hairs very thin and sparse. c) Profuse sweating. d) Moist and warm hands. e) Hyper pigmentation. f) Spider angicoma and gynaestiaoma. [homeomagnet.com]

  All the mentioned diseases are characterized by palpitation, heart pain excessive sweating, subfebrile fever and loss of weight. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

  The patients usually had a sense of cold, decreased sweating, and constipation. Achilles reflex times showed prolongation of VP interval, while it was within normal limits in neurological cretins. [archive.unu.edu]

  Patients sweat (and their skin feels moist) and develop hyperdynamic pulse. INCREASED MENTATION may or may not make the person smarter, but it'll make them more anxious and labile ("You're not sick, it's nerves.") [pathguy.com]

• Alopecia

  Clinical features of myxoedema : Myxoedema a) Hairs are scanty and tends to fall producing patchy alopecia. b) The eye brows and eye lashes are deficient especially in outer third. c) Face is pale and puffy with baggy eye –lids and a characteristic malar [homeomagnet.com]

• Flushing

  Clinical features of myxoedema : Myxoedema a) Hairs are scanty and tends to fall producing patchy alopecia. b) The eye brows and eye lashes are deficient especially in outer third. c) Face is pale and puffy with baggy eye –lids and a characteristic malar flush [homeomagnet.com]

• Amenorrhea

  Menometrorrhagia or amenorrhea may be seen in older girls. Rarely, sexual precocity and galactorrhea with pituitary enlargement may occur. Deafness is occasionally associated with goiters. Nephrocalcinosis is a rare finding in cretinism. B. [generalhealthtopics.com]

  […] hours in men aged 50 to 69 years, and approximately 300 hours in men older than 70 years).It is also used to treat skin hives and itching in people with chronic skin reactions. from 0.46 Buy now Cycrin (Generic) Cycrin treats menstrual disorders such as amenorrhea [thyroxineinfo.com]

  The dysfunction of genitals manifests by oligo- or amenorrhea, and in the men by gynecomastia, which is the outcome of disturbed relation between estrogens and androgens. Thereafter libido and potency are reduced. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Headache

  She seldom has anycomplaints but those she has-an occasional headache, forexample-she now describes in an objective and rationalmanner, totally unlike her previous exaggerations and fan-tasies.It is of interest that her mother is stated to be lackingthyroid [docslide.us]

  Even small doses, if beyond the patient's power, may produce fever, excitement, headache, insomnia and vomiting. The administration must be persisted in throughout life, otherwise myxoedematous symptoms appear. [en.wikisource.org]

  They complain of general weakness, headache, fever sensation, rapid pulse to 120-140 per minute (rhythmic, tense), sometimes extrasystole. Temperature raises as high as 38 ,5 -39°С. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Cognitive Impairment

  Cognitive impairment may also range from mild to so severe that the person is nonverbal and dependent on others for basic care. Thought and reflexes are slower. Other signs may include thickened skin, enlarged tongue, or a protruding abdomen. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Apathy

  Symptoms and Signs : All degrees of dwarfism may be seen, with delayed skeletal maturation, apathy, physical and mental torpor, dry skin with coarse, dry, brittle hair, constipation, slow teething, poor appetite, large tongue, "pot belly" with umbilical [generalhealthtopics.com]

[…] in a young individual (often diagnosed due to routine screening of newborns for congenital hypothyroidism) Radiologic evaluation includes thyroid ultrasound and scintiscan Correlation of clinical signs with laboratory and ancillary tests Laboratory workup [pathologyoutlines.com]

OBJECTIVES Recognize the common signs, symptoms, causes, and anatomic pathology of each of the following: acquired hypothyroidism congenital hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism goiter Do a proper lab workup for each of these. [pathguy.com]

• Delayed Bone Age

  Roentgenological examination of the wrists showed delayed bone age in 76.5 per cent, but 32.7 per cent of the normal children of the same age in the same locality showed slightly delayed bone age, considered to be the result of malnutrition. [archive.unu.edu]

  Delayed bone age; "stippling" of epiphyses. General Considerations The causes of cretinism and juvenile hypothyroidism are as follows (after Wilkins): A. [generalhealthtopics.com]

Prepare for clinical challenges and save time in addressing them thanks to expert advice on treatment options from international contributors. [books.google.com]

A very typical case under Dr Hector Mackenzie, showing what can be expected from early treatment, is that of a cretin aged I r years in 1893, when thyroid treatment was started. [en.wikisource.org]

Thyroid replacement is the treatment in either the athyreotic state or the metabolic deficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis - Cretinism athyreotic Not supplied. Treatment - Cretinism athyreotic Not supplied. Resources - Cretinism athyreotic Not supplied. [checkorphan.org]

The prognosis for full mental and physical maturation is much better if the onset is later in life. Congenital cretins almost never attain full mental development. [generalhealthtopics.com]

Klein AH, Meltzer S, Kenny FM (1972) Improved prognosis in congenital hypothyroidism treated before age three months. J Pediatr 81: 912-915. Czernichow P (1998) Congenital hypoparathyroidism. Annales Nestle 56: 94-100. [omicsonline.org]

Mortality is about 50%, and the prognosis seems to depend solely on size of the primary and the stage of the cancer. [pathguy.com]

This histologic type enjoys a favorable prognosis in several published series. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

This book discusses as well the etiological or clinico-pathological basis of the classification of simple goiter. The final chapter deals with the post-operative complications of thyroidectomy and their treatment. [books.google.com]

For many years the etiology and pathogenesis of goiter in the Himalayas had remained obscure. Studies of the problem indicate that the endemic in Southeast Asia is primarily the result of environmental iodine deficiency. [annals.org]

[…] cretinism of the untreated congenitally hypothyroid child, the use of the same word has inadvertently lead to the widely-held, and quite erroneous, opinion that the clinical presentation and neurological damage would be the same and, having the same etiology [karger.com]

So far as the etiology is concerned, it seems certain that the conditions are due to a defect of the thyroid substance—diminution or loss of the thyroid hormones. [gluedideas.com]

In 1848, King Carlo Alberto of Sardinia commissioned the first epidemiological study of congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, in northern Savoy where it was frequent. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] colloid, frequent internodular bizarre cells and bridging fibrosis Terminology Dyshormonogenetic goiter = thyroid dyshormonogenesis Also known as inherited congenital / familial goiter and congenital / sporadic goitrous cretinism (more vague terms) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Toublanc JE (1992) Comparison of epidemiological data on congenital hypothyroidism in Europe with those of other parts in the world. Horm Res 38: 230-235. [omicsonline.org]

A major epidemiologic study failed to find any identifiable risk factor for this (J. Clin. Endo. [pathguy.com]

MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE BREAST Epidemiology The likelihood of developing breast cancer is highly dependent on both age and the interval over which an individual is at risk. [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

[…] enlarged upon until the introduction of I 131 to clinical studies of human thyroid metabolism by Hamilton and Soley in 1939. 2 While sporadic goitrous hypothyroidism has subsequently undergone rather extensive investigation, attempts to clarify its pathophysiology [jamanetwork.com]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Congenital hypothyroidism can be endemic, genetic, or sporadic. If untreated, it results in mild to severe impairment of both physical and mental growth and development. [en.wikipedia.org]

after thyroid dysgenesis F > M (2:1) Mean age at surgery is 16 years (range varies from neonates to sixth decade), with 80% cases occur before 25 years No racial or ethnic predilection ( Thyroid 2011;21:13 ) Sites Diffuse involvement of both lobes Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Discordance of monozygotic twins for thyroid dysgenesis: implications for screening and for molecular pathophysiology. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 87: 4072-4077, 2002. 33. Rosenberg, T.; Gilboa, Y.: Familial thyroid ectopy and hemiagenesis. Arch. [genome.jp]

Recognize patients who may have each of the following, and describe the anatomic pathology and what we know of the etiology and pathophysiology of each: DeQuervain's subacute thyroiditis Graves's disease Hashimoto's disease "Idiopathic" goiter Jod-Basedow [pathguy.com]

Prompt thyroid hormone therapy is essential in order to prevent progressive neurological and motor deterioration. [checkorphan.org]

The misnamed ‘sporadic' cretins, on the other hand, identified by neonatal screening programs, require prompt postnatal treatment with thyroid hormones to prevent their mental retardation. [karger.com]

Early treatment with thyroid hormone generally promotes normal physical growth but may not prevent mental retardation. The use of iodized salt dramatically reduces the incidence of cretinism in a population. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Kinderklinik Datteln, Universität Witten-Herdecke Further Information Publication History Publication Date: 13 March 2008 (online) Abstract The aim of neonatal screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism is to ensure early treatment in order to prevent [thieme-connect.com]

Newborn screening and prompt treatment prevents mental retardation in children it also has been shown to save in treatment and home and institutionalized care in those with CH. [omicsonline.org]