We present a patient with HCS who developed anal squamous cell carcinoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pharyngitis

  Acute radiation reactions in oral and pharyngeal mucosa: tolerable levels in altered fractionation schedules. Radiother. Oncol. 69, 161–168 (2003). 119. Mortensen, H. R., Overgaard, J. & Specht, L. [nature.com]

• Rectal Bleeding

  Can be caused by high risk HPV ( Cancer Res 1999;59:753 ) EGFR overexpression is common ( Mod Pathol 2006;19:942 ) Clinical features Presenting symptoms include rectal bleeding, pain, mass Treatment Surgery with chemoradiation Clinical images Images hosted [pathologyoutlines.com]

  The most common symptom is rectal bleeding or blood in the stools (poo), with almost half of all patients affected in this way. [beatingbowelcancer.org]

  Affecting approximately 7,000 people in the United States each year, anal cancer can cause rectal bleeding and anal pain. Anal cancer is divided into cancers of the anal canal and cancers of the lower part of the anus known as the anal margin. [brighamandwomens.org]

  Anal cancer often presents with rectal bleeding. People who experience bleeding, itching, or pain in the anus often go to the doctor before anal cancer progresses past stage one. [healthline.com]

  Symptoms and signs Common symptoms of anal cancer may include rectal bleeding noticeable if there is blood on feces or toilet paper pain in the anal area lumps around the anus, which may be mistaken for piles, or hemorrhoids mucus or jelly-like discharge [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Constipation

  By the end of October 2009, Tiffany was experiencing extreme fatigue, severe constipation, and progressively worsening rectal pain and pressure. [oncnursingnews.com]

  In case 2, a 71-year-old woman underwent a colonoscopy due to constipation, and an elevated lesion, 25 mm in size, was identified from the dentate line to the anal canal. [karger.com]

  Side effects may include: diarrhea or constipation soreness and blistering around the target area, which is the anus a higher susceptibility to infections during treatment fatigue loss of appetite nausea or vomiting mouth ulcers or sore mouth loss of [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Other symptoms include: Small lumps seen or felt around the anus which could be confused with piles An increase in the number or size of piles Pain in the anal area – affects about 30% of people Difficulty in passing stools and extreme constipation are [beatingbowelcancer.org]

  Anal cancer may present with: Bleeding from the anus A growing lump within or outside the anus Anal itching or pain An mucus or jelly-like discharge from the anus Constipation, bloating, diarrhoea or faecal incontinence (leakage) Symptoms are often thought [dermnetnz.org]

• Fecal Incontinence

  Some patients have fecal incontinence after combined chemotherapy and radiation. Biopsies to document disease regression after chemotherapy and radiation were commonly advised, but are not as frequent any longer. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] or toilet paper pain in the anal area lumps around the anus, which may be mistaken for piles, or hemorrhoids mucus or jelly-like discharge from the anus anal itching changes in bowel movements, including diarrhea, constipation, or thinning of stools fecal [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Rectal bleeding, fecal incontinence, and high stool frequency after conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: normal tissue complication probability modeling. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 66, 11–19 (2006). 66. Heemsbergen, W. [nature.com]

• Rectal Pain

  By the end of October 2009, Tiffany was experiencing extreme fatigue, severe constipation, and progressively worsening rectal pain and pressure. [oncnursingnews.com]

  Within one month of his surgery, the patient developed severe rectal pain and bleeding. Physical exam was limited at this time due to patient discomfort. [jgo.amegroups.com]

PET-CT Recent research suggests that there are grounds for using PET-CT routinely in the workup of anal cancer, as it alters the initial staging sufficiently frequently 4. [radiopaedia.org]

Workup for Anal Canal Cancer • PET imaging is useful in further evaluating the extent of the primary tumor and the presence of regional lymph node metastases, and distant metastases, as well as in evaluating the response to therapy. • For patients with [slideshare.net]

After 2 years, 40% of patients with multimodal treatment and 20% of those without ablative treatment were alive. LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by its retrospective design and modest sample size. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSION: AA confers a significantly worse prognosis than SCCA and RA. Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis of Anal Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus) Anal cancer prognosis depends upon the size of the anal tumour, where the anal tumour is and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes. [myvmc.com]

Etiology The most important risk factors for HPV and SCC are behaviors that predispose individuals to HPV infection or immunosuppression. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

(Etiology) Untreated (or delayed treatment of) squamous cell carcinoma in situ can result in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. [dovemed.com]

Additional hypermetabolic activity was noted in the paraaortic and prevascular lymph node regions, but these findings were thought to be inflammatory in etiology rather than metastatic. [jgo.amegroups.com]

"On the etiology of anal squamous carcinoma". Danish Medical Bulletin. 49 (3): 194–209. PMID 12238281. Frisch M, Glimelius B, van den Brule AJ, et al. (November 1997). "Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer". N. Engl. J. [en.wikipedia.org]

Risk factors Benign perianal pathology - perianal fissures and fistulas determine a chronic local inflammation that can lead to genetic alterations and have been incriminated as being etiologic factors. [medichub.ro]

HIV Seropositivity/metabolism HIV Seropositivity/therapy Humans Immunocompromised Host Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology Papillomavirus Vaccines Repressor Proteins/metabolism Substances AIDS Vaccines DNA, Neoplasm [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/transmission — Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/virology — Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/virology — Comorbidity — Disease Transmission [archive-ouverte.unige.ch]

Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry linked to Medicare claims to evaluate outcomes among a cohort of male HIV and HIV- patients diagnosed with SCCA from 1997 to 2009. [croiconference.org]

[…] features, although the biology may be different ( J Gastroenterol 2001;36:508 ) Epidemiology Tumors above dentate line: more common in women, usually diagnosed in sixth decade Tumors below dentate line: more common in men, usually diagnosed in third decade Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

A further complication is that pathophysiologically, cancer of the anal margin (perianal skin) may be more closely related to penile and vulvar cancers than to cervical cancer, and the former are much less well studied than the latter. [10] In current [emedicine.medscape.com]

Keywords Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/transmission — Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/virology — Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/virology — Comorbidity — Disease Transmission [archive-ouverte.unige.ch]

In the future, cytological screening of male homosexuals with an anal Papanicolaou test may help in identifying high-grade dysplasia and preventing anal cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]