Stomatitis is characterized by the open sore in or around the mouth. It usually presents with pain and discomfort. Other associated signs and symptoms are [7]:

• Bad breath
• Burning or tingling in the mouth
• Dysphagia
• Drooling
• Fever, sometimes as high as 38.3 to 40°C (101 to 104°F)
• Pain in and around the affected area
• Restlessness or irritability
• Swollen gums

• Inflammation

  From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search inflammation of the mouth and lips gingivostomatitis Oral Mucositis mouth mucosaitis mouth mucosa inflammation Mucositis oral edit English stomatitis inflammation of the mouth and lips gingivostomatitis [wikidata.org]

  KEYWORDS: Denture disinfection; Inflammation; Methylene blue; Miconazole; Photodynamic inactivation; Red laser [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Definitions sto·ma·ti·tis inflammation of the mouth Origin of stomatitis ModL: see stomato- Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. [yourdictionary.com]

  Stomatitis Definition : Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth, which may involve the cheeks, gums ,tongue ,lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. The word“ stomatitis “ literally means inflammation of the mouth. 4. [slideshare.net]

• Swelling

  Gingivostomatitis is an infection of the mouth and gums that leads to swelling and sores. It may be due to a virus or bacteria. Gingivostomatitis is common among children. [nlm.nih.gov]

  Abstract We present a case of a malnourished 68-year old man with occult hypothyroidism who presented with malaise, pyrexia, tongue swelling, oral ulceration and dysphagia after a 6-month period of increasing lethargy and failing self-care. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] the mouth Types: vesicular stomatitis a disease of horses, cattle, swine, and occasionally human beings; caused by the vesiculovirus Type of: inflammation, redness, rubor a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling [vocabulary.com]

  Stomatitis, Vincent: This is trench mouth, a progressive painful infection with ulceration, swelling and sloughing off of dead tissue from the mouth and throat due to the spread of infection from the gums. [medicinenet.com]

  Your Care Instructions Stomatitis is swelling and redness of the lining of your mouth. It can cause painful sores that can make it hard for you to eat, drink, or swallow. [myhealth.alberta.ca]

• Malnutrition

  It was concluded that the patient's clinical condition reflected necrotizing stomatitis on a background of malnutrition with scorbutic skin lesions and hypothyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Nutritional deficiency • Malnutrition (improper dietary intake) or malabsorption (poor absorption of nutrients into the body) can lead to nutritional deficiency states, several of which can lead to stomatitis. [slideshare.net]

  Etiology There is no identifiable cause, but are likely multifactorial May be associated with systemic or dermatological disorders, malnutrition, infections, or drugs; (e.g., Behcet disease;, HIV;, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, iron deficiency [amboss.com]

  HIV), by malnutrition, or by other states of debility. 1 Severely debilitated patients with advanced necrotising stomatitis should be admitted to hospital for intravenous antibiotic treatment, fluid, electrolyte and nutritional supplementation and for [scielo.org.za]

• Anemia

  We documented 2 cases of children suffering from neuroblastoma whose postchemotherapy anemia, leucopenia, and stomatitis were complicated by methemoglobinemia after using a formulary oral gel (7.5% benzocaine, doxycycline, nystatin, glycerin). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Immunobiology. 2018 Nov 2 [PubMed PMID: 30446336] [2] Chiang CP,Yu-Fong Chang J,Wang YP,Wu YH,Wu YC,Sun A, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and management. [statpearls.com]

  In children a frequent cause is repeated lip-licking, and in adults it may be a sign of underlying iron deficiency anemia, or vitamin B deficiencies (e.g., B2-riboflavin, B9- folate, or B12-cobalamin, which in turn may be evidence of poor diets or malnutrition [slideshare.net]

  He or she may do tests to look for blood problems such as anemias or deficiencies of iron, folate or vitamin B12. Some research has shown that canker sores improve when these deficiencies are treated. [colgateprofessional.com]

• Malaise

  Abstract We present a case of a malnourished 68-year old man with occult hypothyroidism who presented with malaise, pyrexia, tongue swelling, oral ulceration and dysphagia after a 6-month period of increasing lethargy and failing self-care. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The symptoms can be mild or severe and may include: Bad breath Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Sores on the inside of the cheeks or gums Very sore mouth with no desire to eat Your health care provider will check your mouth [nlm.nih.gov]

  When symptoms do present, they include fever, malaise, drooling, dysphagia (also known as difficulty swallowing), and mouth sores and ulcers, according to the National Institutes of Health. [colgate.com]

  Review of systems seeks symptoms of possible causes, including chronic diarrhea and weakness (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease); genital lesions (Behçet disease, syphilis); eye irritation (Behçet disease); and weight loss, malaise, and fever [merckmanuals.com]

• Diarrhea

  ‘Adjuvant chemotherapy may produce diarrhea, mucositis or stomatitis, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hair thinning, taste changes and skin and nail changes.’ [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

  Página 218 - Diarrhea and Enteric Lesions in Calves by the Oral Inoculation of Pure Cultures of Clostridium sordelli" Veterinary Record, 112:141146, 1983. ‎ [books.google.es]

  Food poisoning typically causes nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and a fever. If you lose too many fluids, you may also become dehydrated. Pneumonia symptoms include a high fever, chills, and cough that doesn't get better. [medlineplus.gov]

  […] sores for the first time Your sores are larger than 1centimeter (almost one-half inch) across You get more sores now than you used to You get sores more often than you used to You have other symptoms with your sores, such as: Rashes Joint pain Fever Diarrhea [colgate.com]

• Nausea

  ‘Adjuvant chemotherapy may produce diarrhea, mucositis or stomatitis, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hair thinning, taste changes and skin and nail changes.’ [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

  Sores, ulcers, or blisters in your mouth Irritated gums Sore throat Fever, headache, fatigue Nausea, vomiting, or swollen lymph glands How is GS diagnosed? Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and examine you. [drugs.com]

  It usually develops suddenly with: A high fever Nausea and vomiting A rash on your palms and soles that resembles sunburn Confusion Muscle aches Diarrhea Abdominal pain Septic arthritis Septic arthritis is often caused by a staph infection. [mayoclinic.org]

  Food poisoning typically causes nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and a fever. If you lose too many fluids, you may also become dehydrated. Pneumonia symptoms include a high fever, chills, and cough that doesn't get better. [medlineplus.gov]

• Vomiting

  ‘Adjuvant chemotherapy may produce diarrhea, mucositis or stomatitis, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, hair thinning, taste changes and skin and nail changes.’ [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

  Food poisoning typically causes nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and a fever. If you lose too many fluids, you may also become dehydrated. Pneumonia symptoms include a high fever, chills, and cough that doesn't get better. [medlineplus.gov]

  Sores, ulcers, or blisters in your mouth Irritated gums Sore throat Fever, headache, fatigue Nausea, vomiting, or swollen lymph glands How is GS diagnosed? Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and examine you. [drugs.com]

  It usually develops suddenly with: A high fever Nausea and vomiting A rash on your palms and soles that resembles sunburn Confusion Muscle aches Diarrhea Abdominal pain Septic arthritis Septic arthritis is often caused by a staph infection. [mayoclinic.org]

  Some children have other symptoms like joint pain, rash, abdominal pain, headache, vomiting or diarrhea. Children are completely well between episodes. [rheumatology.org]

• Dysphagia

  Grade 1 (mild) Mucosal Changes Mucositis Oral The NCI-CTCAE V4.03 definition of grade 1 mucositis oral reads: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms; intervention not indicated Dysphagia The NCI-CTCAE V4.03 definition of grade 1 dysphagia reads: Symptomatic, able [oncologypro.esmo.org]

  Abstract We present a case of a malnourished 68-year old man with occult hypothyroidism who presented with malaise, pyrexia, tongue swelling, oral ulceration and dysphagia after a 6-month period of increasing lethargy and failing self-care. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Gagging

  Management • Coating agents such as bismuth salicylate, sucralfate, or other antacids • Water-soluble lubricants for mouth and lips • Topical analgesics, such as benzamine hydrochloride • Topical anesthetics ,such as lidocaine viscous (might impair gag [slideshare.net]

  […] symptoms of stomatitis Coating agents such as bismuth salicylate, sucralfate, or other antacids Water-soluble lubricants for mouth and lips Topical analgesics, such as benzydamine hydrochloride Topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine viscous (might impair gag [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Aphthous Stomatitis

  Ekinci A...Ekinci H 31249217 2020 13 Probiotics for recurrent idiopathic aphthous stomatitis in adults: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. 61 Dugourd PM...Passeron T 31954066 2020 14 LncRNA CASC 2 is upregulated in aphthous stomatitis and predicts [malacards.org]

  Your opinion or preference The goal of treatment for aphthous stomatitis is to help decrease the severity of the symptoms. [chop.edu]

  Aphthous stomatitis Other names Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurring oral aphthae, recurrent aphthous ulceration Canker sore on the lower lip Specialty Oral medicine, dermatology Frequency ~20% of people to some degree[1] Aphthous stomatitis is a [en.wikipedia.org]

  Keywords: Azithromycin, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Stomatitis, Aphthous. [eurekaselect.com]

  SUMMARY: If you've had sores on the insides of your cheeks or lips, on your gums or under your tongue, you may have suffered from aphthous stomatitis, also known as canker sores. [therabreath.com]

• Cheilitis

  Differential diagnoses for the lip lesion included cheilitis granulomatosa, dermatitis venenata, actinic cheilitis and plasma cell cheilitis. [doi.org]

  Angular stomatitis[edit] Inflammation of the corners (angles) of the lips is termed angular stomatitis or angular cheilitis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Image: “Photographic Comparison of a Canker Sore, Herpes, Angular Cheilitis and Chapped Lips.” by Jeffrey Dorfman – http://www.nycdentist.com/dental-photo-detail/2471/215/Oral-Pathology-chapped-lips-herpes-canker-sore-angular-cheilitis-cyst. [lecturio.com]

  ( ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K13.0 Diseases of lips 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Abscess of lips Angular cheilitis Cellulitis of lips Cheilitis NOS Cheilodynia Cheilosis Exfoliative cheilitis Fistula of lips Glandular cheilitis [icd10data.com]

• Xerostomia

  Xerostomia was significantly more common and severe in patients (46.9%) than in healthy controls, whereas the saliva flow rates did not differ. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Stomatitis can include oral ulceration, xerostomia, altered taste and taste loss, oral sensitivity, and oral pain with or without lesions being clinically present. r Pathophysiology Oral mucositis The mucosal lining of the mouth is a prime target for [eviq.org.au]

  Dry mouth (Xerostomia). Your saliva provides natural protection against infection and lubricates your mouth to stop dentures from traumatizing your gums. Without it you are more prone to getting problems. [jamiethedentist.com]

• Sore Mouth

  Denture Sore Mouth (Denture-Related Stomatitis) Denture sore mouth is also known as sore mouth under plates, chronic denture palatitis, stomatitis prosthetica, denture-related candidiasis, denture- induced stomatitis and denture stomatitis. [exodontia.info]

  Back to full disease list Other Names: Sore Mouth of Cattle and Horses, Indiana Fever Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonotic, viral disease found in livestock. [cfsph.iastate.edu]

  Canker Sores, CANKER SORES ORAL, Oral aphthae, Oral aphthae, NOS, Sore, Canker, Sore, mouth, canker, Sores, Canker, Stomatitides, Aphthous, STOMATITIS APHHNOUS, STOMATITIS APHTHOUS, Stomatitis, Aphthous, ULCER APHTHOUS ORAL, Ulcer, Aphthous, Ulcer, [dermis.net]

  Call your provider if: You have mouth sores and fever or other signs of illness Mouth sores get worse or do not respond to treatment within 3 weeks You develop swelling in the mouth Christian JM, Goddard AC, Gillespie MB. [nlm.nih.gov]

  She complains of a very sore mouth, with white plaques over her palate and tongue; these lesions are quite friable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Halitosis

  This condition can cause bad breath, and unfortunately for people with stomatitis, trying to treat the halitosis can lead to more halitosis. [therabreath.com]

  The intra-oral clinical examination found halitosis, multiple ulcers, necrotizing stomatitis and osteomyelitis located in the maxillary and mandibular regions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  SHOWING 1-10 OF 41 REFERENCES Critical Analysis of Role of Kavala and Gandusha in the Management of Halitosis Role of Gandusha in Pittaja Mukhapaka (Aphthous Ulcer) –A Randomized Controlled Trial [semanticscholar.org]

  Clinical Signs Include halitosis, dysphagia, ptyalism, weight loss, cachexia, bilateral erythematous, ulcerative and/or proliferative lesions of the gingiva, submandibular lymphadenopathy and variable amounts of plaque and calculus accumulation. [en.wikivet.net]

• Blister

  Swishing with a warm saltwater rinse (½ teaspoon of salt mixed with 1 cup of warm water) can ease discomfort from mouth blisters. Try cool foods like ice pops or warm, bland foods like broth to soothe the mouth. [kidshealth.org]

  In the course of 1 to 2 days grey-white blisters appear in the mouth. The gums turn red, swell up and bleed easily. The blisters burst fast and turn into superficial wounds. [illchild.com]

  Apply the cream directly over the blister five times a day for five consecutive days. If the virus spreads extensively, it may cause blisters to develop in the buccal mucosa and tongue. Gums become red and tender and bleed easily. [hus.fi]

  The fever occurs a few days before the blisters appear. When the blisters pop, ulcers can form in their place. Secondary infections of these ulcers can occur. The entire infection lasts between 7-10 days. [nhp.gov.in]

• Oral Blisters

  You also should refrain from kissing or having other sexual contact with a person who has a visible cold sore or oral blister. Because stress can bring on an outbreak, take steps to keep your anxiety levels to a minimum. [topdentists.com]

• Seizure

  Call 911 Call 911 if any of these occur: Trouble breathing Inability to swallow Extremes drowsiness or trouble waking up Fainting or loss of consciousness Rapid heart rate Seizure Stiff neck When to seek medical advice For a usually healthy child, call [mountnittany.org]

• Agitation

  The administration of DEX was continued after extubation to prevent agitation. After the administration of epidural morphine was discontinued on day 10 in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient complained of pain in the oral cavity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Due to the characteristics of the open sores associated with stomatitis, the disorder can usually be diagnosed clinically [8]. Laboratory tests are usually not needed to confirm a diagnosis, but during a workup cultures or blood tests may be done in order to rule out any other condition and to find the etiologic factors behind the disorder. 

• Candida

  KEYWORDS: Candida albicans; Candida non-albicans; Stomatitis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Keywords: Candida albicans Candida non-albicans Stomatitis Full Text Introduction Approximately 200 Candida species are known, and 10% can cause infections in humans. [elsevier.es]

Each treatment plan is fully dependent on the type of stomatitis the person is suffering from [9]. Generally, the condition will resolve on it own, but lifestyle recommendations for the patient may be useful. For example improved oral hygiene including a professional cleaning. The patient should also be told to stay away from sharp-edged or acidic foods while the sores are present. Switching to a softer tooth brush may also be recommended.

If the stomatitis has been caused by irritation from braces, jagged teeth, ill-fitting orthodontia or from chronic mouth breathing, those specific factors might need to be addressed by the appropriate medical professional. Alcohol and tobacco use should be avoided.For pain relieve, acetaminophen is usually recommended. Depending on the cause, several other medications may be used to treat stomatitis. 

Most stomatitis ulcerations are considered to be benign and will resolve themselves without any medical treatment, but the prognosis for stomatitis can vary depending on the type [6].

Aphthous stomatitis usually lasts for a few days and causes rarely complications. Herpes stomatitis, usually takes around 10 days to clear up without any medical treatment, but an oral acyclovir can speed up the recovery time and help with some of the discomfort. In general, neither form of stomatitis poses a significant health risk to the patient, if the underlying etiology if necessary is treated.

There are various factors responsible for the appearance of stomatitis including irritation from braces, jagged teeth harming the soft tissue, cheek biting, and other similar causes [2]. Herpes stomatitis is a direct result of the herpes simplex virus type 1. Aphthous stomatitis has unclear etiologic factors but theories include a predisposition which is associated to a person’s immune system of triggers such as stress or certain deficiencies like a lack of iron, B12, or folic acid. Other viral infections, notrition, smoking, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, menstruation in women, and food allergies are also thought to be linked to stomatitis [3].

Stomatitis, in general, is reported across the world and has a prevalence rate ranging from around 2 percent to 66 percent. It can occur at any age but there are certain variations of the ailment that appear at different stages of a person’s life [4].

Aphthous stomatitis usually affects children and adults and is seen most often in people between the ages of 10 and 19 years of age. Herpes stomatitis is seen more so in children between the ages of one and two and is considered possible anywhere between the ages of six-months-old and five-years-old.

According to research, children from a higher socioeconomic level are more commonly affected by stomatitis than children living in lower socioeconomic groups.

The pathophysiology of the disorder depends on the underlying etiology. Stomatitis initially usually causes erythema of the mucous membrane of the mouth, further developing into open ulcers and fissures [5]. The condition can occur as a single sore or they can appear in clusters. The lesions on examination usually have a yellow or white color at the center coupled with a fibrous texture. The border of the sores is erythematous.

Stomatitis can be prevented if it occurs due to an outside irritant. Improved oral hygiene, better eating habits, and regular dental check-ups can help prevent stomatitis [10].

In order to prevent aphthous stomatitis, it is recommended to avoid any mouth trauma like biting the cheeks or burning the mouth with hot food or drinks. Herpes stomatitis isn’t considered to be preventable since it is due to the herpes simplex virus which can be transmitted from an infected person even when they show no signs of the disorder.

Stomatitis occurs when the soft tissue lining in the mouth becomes inflamed causing redness, swelling, and often times pain [1]. The may have various etioligies, two common forms are aphthous stomatitis and herpes stomatitis due to the herpes simplex virus. 

Stomatitis can occur at any point in a person’s life but is seen more often in children and adolescents. It is associated with poor oral hygiene, side effects of certain medications, infections, allergic reactions, or it may occur as the result of burns from hot food or liquids.

Stomatitis refers to the open sores that can occur on the soft tissue inside the mouth. They are not considered to be contagious and can usually resolve themselves without medical treatment. There are several forms of the ailment, herpes stomatitis and aphthous stomatitis being common ones. Each form has its own causes and prognoses. Note, stomatitis is different than cold sores.

The sores can be painful or cause discomfort during eating and swallowing, but there are no dangers posed from the ailment. The disorder can affect anyone at any stage in life but is most commonly seen in children and adolescents.

If a patient notices that their sores haven’t resolved themselves after two weeks, medical treatment should be sought.

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8. Gallo Cde B, Mimura MA, Sugaya NN. Psychological stress and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009;64(7):645-8.
9. Huling LB, Baccaglini L, Choquette L, Feinn RS, Lalla RV. Effect of stressful life events on the onset and duration of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. Feb 2012;41(2):149-52. 
10. MacPhail LA, Greenspan D, Feigal DW, Lennette ET, Greenspan JS. Recurrent aphthous ulcers in association with HIV infection. Description of ulcer types and analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. Jun 1991;71(6):678-83.