Strangulation may occur within distinct periods of time after the initial protrusion of viscera [8]. It should be noted that a considerable subset of individuals suffering from hernia remains asymptomatic until strangulation occurs. Rarely, SH is observed in patients previously diagnosed with hernia, who have been recommended watchful waiting or opted against elective surgery.

Most commonly, the hernial sac corresponds to a visible and palpable bulge, but this may not be the case in obese SH patients. The hernial sac and surrounding tissues are often erythematous and extremely tender, and patients claim intensifying discomfort when adopting a determined posture or coughing. In SH patients, intense pain usually leads to the diagnosis of acute abdomen. As per definition, SH is not manually reducible [7]. With regards to hernia contents, functional impairment of protruded viscera usually manifest as the inability to pass stools or gasses. Bowel sounds may be decreased or absent [9]. Compromise of the urogenital tract may cause micturition problems. Diaphragmatic SH may also be associated with respiratory symptoms. Any strangulated tissue may undergo gangrenous necrosis and serve as a source of toxins released upon cell death. If portions of the intestines are affected, microorganisms may pass the mucosal barrier and cause sepsis. Patients may thus present with systemic symptoms such as general malaise, fever, tachycardia, nausea, and vomiting.

• Wound Infection

  Comparator: mesh repair without intestinal resection mesh repair of strangulated hernia without resection Other: mesh repair mesh repair of strangulated hernia without resection Other Name: mesh hernioplasty without resection Primary Outcome Measures : wound [clinicaltrials.gov]

  Wound infection. Bladder injury. Intestinal injury. A hydrocele from fluid accumulation in the distal sac usually resolves spontaneously but sometimes requires aspiration. Prognosis This is generally very good, depending on comorbidity. [patient.info]

  It is well-known that contamination and subsequent infection are an important cause of wound dehiscence and reherniation which impair wound healing dynamics. A recurrent hernia is considered a risk factor for a new recurrence. [websurg.com]

• Sepsis

  Walls of the hernial sac may eventually become gangrenous and necrotic, thus rendering SH a surgical emergency that may be associated with life-threatening sepsis. [symptoma.com]

  There were numerous complications, notably: wound sepsis (16 cases), post-operative peritonitis (3 cases) and multiple system failure (12 cases). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This strangulated tissue can release toxins and infection into the bloodstream, which could lead to sepsis or death. Strangulated hernias are medical emergencies. Any hernia can become strangulated. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Untreated, a strangulated hernia could result in gangrene, excessive bleeding and sepsis and can lead to perforation of the bowel and consequently peritonitis. Septicemia and toxemia can lead to multi organ failure. [simple-remedies.com]

  Along with the catastrophic effects of a groin sepsis, removal of mesh would potentially result in a weakness of the repair and as a result, a recurrent hernia. [intechopen.com]

• Inguinal Mass

  Differential Diagnosis: Not all inguinal masses are hernias. [fastbleep.com]

  Inguinal masses that resemble hernias may be the result of adenopathy (infectious or malignant), an ectopic testis, or lipoma. These masses are solid and are not reducible. A scrotal mass may be a varicocele, hydrocele, or testicular tumor. [msdmanuals.com]

  Cysts located in the inguinal canal are present as inguinal mass, while those occurring below in the outer ring are usually pubic masses. Cysts of the round ligament are round, solid masses with clear boundaries, with a cystic feeling. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pneumonia

  More serious problems include heart attack, stroke, pneumonia, and blood clots in the legs. Getting out of bed after surgery and moving as soon as the doctor allows will help reduce the risk of complications such as pneumonia and blood clots. [gi.surgery.ucsf.edu]

  7401 ～ 7450 番を表示 (全 8148 件) 英文 和文 略語 strangulated hernia 絞扼性ヘルニア strawberry mark いちご状血管腫 strawberry tongue いちご舌 streak gonad 線状性腺/索状性腺 streptococcal pneumonia 連鎖球菌性肺炎/レンサ球菌性肺炎 streptokinase ストレプトキナーゼ streptolysin O ストレプトリジンO stress ulcer ストレス潰瘍 stridor [jpeds.or.jp]

  These included pneumonia (lobar or bronchopneumonia) (20%) sepsis syndrome (14%) and local wound infection (6%). Septicemia carried the worst prognosis with 100% mortality. There were 7 death giving a mortality figure of 14%. [pjms.com.pk]

• Constipation

  Obstruction to the fecal current accounts for the constipation, vomiting, tympanites and the presence of indican in the urine. The severity Full Text [jamanetwork.com]

  You are constipated. You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. Care Agreement You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. [drugs.com]

  Perhaps your son is just constipated. I would call the dr's office and ask about it. One option would be an enema, but I would talk to a dr or nurse and give some pear juice before that. [inspire.com]

  History H/O Reducible inguinoscrotal swelling, H/O recent irreducibility, Pain (site, duration, character) Absolute Constipation, Abdominal Distention. Physical Examination Never try to manually reduce the strangulated hernia. [medicalopedia.org]

  In another case, to which I was called in consultation, the old woman had stercoraceous vomiting for three or four days, with constipation. The hernia was femoral and irreducible. [neatorama.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  He presented an abdominal pain of sudden onset 16 hours previously. The clinical examination, abdominal x-ray, and sonography were not helpful in the assessment of the diagnosis of internal hernia, which was evoked by the computed tomography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Generalized Abdominal Pain Generalized abdominal pain could also be a hernia symptom. This pain is serious, and results from internal abdominal organs, such as intestines, being pinched by the hernia, resulting in a compromised blood supply. [herniacenterlosangeles.com]

  Symptoms of a hiatal hernia may include heartburn and upper abdominal pain. See Your Doctor About a Hernia If: You suspect that you have a hernia. [webmd.com]

• Abdominal Mass

  Risk factors for the development of adult umbilical hernias include obesity, multiparity, ascites, and large abdominal masses. Adult umbilical hernias exhibit a female-to-male predominance and occur most commonly in those aged 50 to 70. [ahcmedia.com]

• Tachycardia

  Patients may thus present with systemic symptoms such as general malaise, fever, tachycardia, nausea, and vomiting. Hernias are usually diagnosed clinically. [symptoma.com]

  Common symptoms that occur immediately after the infringement are: the reduction of pressure, tachycardia, cold sweat, pallor. Later starts intoxication, the pulse becomes more frequent, the tongue is dry, the temperature rises. [medicineinfo.net]

  Signs of SIRS including fever, tachycardia, and leukocytosis, as well as abdominal wall rigidity, are considered common indicators of strangulated obstruction. [wjes.biomedcentral.com]

• Heart Failure

  Heart failure, coronary artery disease and cardiac arrhythmia are the most frequent complications from the cardiovascular system. [intechopen.com]

• Urinary Retention

  •ANESTHESIA COMPLICATIONS •BLEEDING •URINARY RETENTION •SEROMA •WOUND INFECTION •SEPTICEMIA •LEAK WITH FISTULA •CHRONIC PAIN 25-8-2015 45 46. 1. BAILEY,S AND LOVE 2. SRB,S MANUAL OF SURGERY 3. ESSENTIALS OF SURGERY BY DR SHAMIM 4. WIKIPEDIA 5. [slideshare.net]

  Common complications include nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, sore throat, and headache. More serious problems include heart attack, stroke, pneumonia, and blood clots in the legs. [gi.surgery.ucsf.edu]

  Urinary retention has been reported in some cases, after the removal of urinary catheter. Reoperations are not frequent. [intechopen.com]

  Complications of hernia repair include recurrence (most common), urinary retention, wound infection, fluid build-up in scrotum (called hydrocele formation), scrotal hematoma (bruise), and testicular damage on the affected side (rare). [emedicinehealth.com]

• Confusion

  A femoral hernia is rare in kids and can be confused with an inguinal hernia. It consists of tissues that have pushed in alongside an artery into the top of the thigh. It appears as a bulge at the top of the thigh, just below the groin. [kidshealth.org]

  As the hernia enlarges, it turns upwards into the looser areolar tissue beneath the skin of the groin crease and may be confused with an inguinal hernia. Sagittal section of a femoral hernia. [surgwiki.com]

  Lumbar hernia: a hernia in the lumbar region (not to be confused with a lumbar disc hernia ), contains the following entities: Petit's hernia : a hernia through Petit's triangle (inferior lumbar triangle). [en.wikipedia.org]

  Since the signs and symptoms of shifting right lower abdominal pain are not typical in these patients, this can be easy confused with incarcerated inguinal hernia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Stroke

  脳卒中/卒中 stroke index 1回拍出係数 SI stroke volume 1回心拍出量 SV strongyloidiasis 糞線虫症 structural chromosomal aberration 染色体構造異常 structure element 構成成分 struvite stone ストルビット結石 stupor 昏迷 stuttering 吃音 subacute bacterial endocarditis 亜急性細菌性心内膜炎 SBE subacute hepatitis [jpeds.or.jp]

  More serious problems include heart attack, stroke, pneumonia, and blood clots in the legs. Getting out of bed after surgery and moving as soon as the doctor allows will help reduce the risk of complications such as pneumonia and blood clots. [gi.surgery.ucsf.edu]

Hernias are usually diagnosed clinically. Additional measures are rarely necessary, but sonography as well as plain radiography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging may be employed in selected cases [10] [11]. An appropriate technique should be chosen to allow the identification of the hernial orifice and hernial contents as well as the assessment of the protruded tissues condition.

Awareness of SAM is important because, unlike vasculitides, immunosuppressive treatment may worsen the disease process. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment is possible, however it is not only very different from treatment for a conventional hiatal hernia, when the treatment occurs is just as important as how it is handled. [hiatalherniacondition.com]

Depending on your treatment plan, you’ll need either local or general anesthesia during surgery. Open surgery is the preferred treatment for strangulated hernias. Laparoscopic surgical procedures have been tested as well. [healthline.com]

Prognosis If diagnosed early in childhood, the prognosis for children who have had a surgically repaired inguinal hernia is excellent. [healthofchildren.com]

Prognosis : most mares return to estrus within a few days; the response is variable, however, and some mares fail to respond. Pathogenesis Etiology Failure of the endometrial release of prostaglandin at the proper time. [vetstream.com]

Prognosis Congenital umbilical hernias rarely strangulate and are not treated; most resolve spontaneously within several years. Very large defects may be repaired electively after age 2 yr. [msdmanuals.com]

Septicemia carried the worst prognosis with 100% mortality. There were 7 death giving a mortality figure of 14%. [pjms.com.pk]

Pathogenesis Etiology Failure of the endometrial release of prostaglandin at the proper time. [vetstream.com]

BADAL KHAN, orthopedic resident surgeon at bolan medical complex hospital quetta Published on Oct 23, 2016 defination of hernia,epidemiology,etiology,parts of hernia,classification,clinical features,pathophysiology,predisposing factors and surgical management [slideshare.net]

Ventral wall hernia subtypes and their etiologies, predisposing conditions, risk factors, and associated illnesses, are discussed below. [ahcmedia.com]

This is in contrast to indirect hernias which can occur at any age including the young, since their etiology includes a congenital component where the inguinal canal is left more patent (compared to individuals less susceptible to indirect hernias). [ [en.m.wikipedia.org]

Etiology The etiology of indirect hernias is largely explainable in terms of the embryology of the groin and of testicular descent. An indirect inguinal hernia is a congenital hernia, regardless of the patient’s age. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abdominal Hernias: Epidemiology. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/189563-overview#a0199. Accessed May 15, 2012. 2. Nicks BA, Askew K. Hernias: Epidemiology. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775630-overview#a0199. [surgery.wisc.edu]

EPIDEMIOLOGY •INCIDENCE RATE OF STRANGULATED INGUINAL •HERNIA VARIES BETWEEN 0.29%AND 2.9% •MORTALITY RATE RANGES BETWEEN 2.6% TO 9% BUT A DELAY OF 12H INCREASE CHANCE OF INTESTINAL RESECTION RATE. [slideshare.net]

Abramson JH, Gofin J, Hopp C, Makler A (1978) The epidemiology of inguinal hernia: a survey in Western Jerusalem. J Epidemiol Community Healt 32: 59–67 Google Scholar 2. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology Hernias comprise approximately 7% of all surgical outpatient visits. [ 1 ] Male:female ratio of groin hernias is 8:1. [ 2 ] Hernias and hydroceles occur in 1-3% of full-term infants. [ 3 ] In men, the incidence rises from 11 per 10,000 person-years [patient.info]

Current epidemiologic assessments suggest that gender distribution and anatomic distribution are similar to those in more developed countries. Age-related demographics The prevalence of all varieties of hernias increases with age. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology See also Reproduction: management - female. Normal diestrus has an average duration of 16 days, and extends from ovulation to luteolysis. [vetstream.com]

Hernia Pathophysiology Hernia Treatment Hernia Classification Last Updated: Aug 23, 2018 Written by Sally Robertson Sally first developed an interest in medical communications when she took on the role of Journal Development Editor for BioMed Central [news-medical.net]

BADAL KHAN, orthopedic resident surgeon at bolan medical complex hospital quetta Published on Oct 23, 2016 defination of hernia,epidemiology,etiology,parts of hernia,classification,clinical features,pathophysiology,predisposing factors and surgical management [slideshare.net]

Anatomy and pathophysiology of hernias.In:Fischer J, ed. Hernia:Master of techniques in surgery.Philadelphia, PA:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:1-6. [crbard.jp]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] In men, indirect hernias follow the same route as the descending testes, which migrate from the abdomen into the scrotum during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. [en.wikipedia.org]

Fever, which is a defense the immune system uses to prevent the spread of infection, may be present if you have a strangulated hernia. [livestrong.com]

If you have had a strangulated hernia treated in an emergency room, follow up with your medical doctor or specialist to see if further treatment is needed to prevent recurrence. [healthline.com]

Numerous deaths and cases of permanent disability occur in remote rural villages because common conditions requiring urgent surgery are neither prevented nor properly cared for. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In general, the medical term hernia refers to the protrusion of viscera through an orifice into the so-called hernial sac. A specific case of hernia is defined by hernial location and its content.

• The most common form of the disease is inguinal hernia, i.e., the protrusion of abdominal viscera through the internal inguinal ring or the Hesselbach's triangle into the inguinal canal. Affected individuals are diagnosed with indirect inguinal hernia or direct inguinal hernia, respectively. Inguinal hernia accounts for up to 75% of all hernias and usually comprises the intestines [1]. A considerable share of inguinal hernias is congenital [2].
• Femoral hernia accounts for up to 17% of all cases [1] and is defined as the protrusion of abdominal contents through the femoral ring into the femoral canal [3].
• Less than 10% of hernias are umbilical hernias, and affected individuals suffer from the protrusion of abdominal viscera through the umbilical ring, the prior site of insertion of the umbilical cord [4].
• Rare types of hernia include obturator hernia, epigastric hernia, hiatus hernia and other forms of diaphragmatic hernia [5], protrusion of tissues through artificial orifices [6], and traumatic hernia [5]. With regards to the contents of the hernial sac, patients may be diagnosed with Richter's hernia, Littre hernia, or cystocele, among others.

In any case, the more or less rigid boundaries of an hernial orifice may interfere with arterial blood supply and venous return from tissues contained in the hernial sac. This condition is known as strangulated hernia (SH) and may lead to blood stasis, functional impairment of affected organs and acute inflammation [7]. In the case of protruded intestines, for instance, strangulation is associated with an increased permeability of the intestinal wall and a possible breach of microorganisms. Walls of the hernial sac may eventually become gangrenous and necrotic, thus rendering SH a surgical emergency that may be associated with life-threatening sepsis.

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3. Mifsud M, Ellul E. Meckel's diverticulum in a strangulated femoral hernia. Case report and review of literature. Ann Ital Chir. 2011;82(4):305-307.
4. O'Donnell KA, Glick PL, Caty MG. Pediatric umbilical problems. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1998;45(4):791-799.
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9. Miyauchi T, Kuroda T, Nisioka M, et al. Clinical study of strangulation obstruction of the small bowel. J Med Invest. 2001;48(1-2):66-72.
10. Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients. Hernia. 2009;13(4):343-403.
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