Presentation
It usually presents in neonates who have experienced perinatal difficulty such as asphyxia, peripheral hypoxemia, hypothermia, meconium aspiration or trauma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Pediatric Disease
The Color Atlas of Pediatric Pathology covers the broad range of pediatric diseases that a pathologist will likely encounter and is written by well-known leaders in this field. [books.google.com]
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Soft Tissue Mass
This diagnosis should be kept in mind especially in neonates with risk factors who present with soft tissue masses or mass-like lesions in order to make the correct diagnosis, choose appropriate management and prevent life-threatening complications like [jcnonweb.com]
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Pathologist
The Color Atlas of Pediatric Pathology is a practical working resource for every pathologist who sees pediatric cases as well as the pathology trainee. [books.google.com]
Skin
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Subcutaneous Nodule
Erythematous to violaceous, firm, subcutaneous nodules appear approximately 1 to 4 weeks after delivery, preceding the development of signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
We discuss four cases of SFN at term or post-term that developed painful subcutaneous nodules. [austinpublishinggroup.com]
The CT findings varied from discrete subcutaneous nodules to a diffuse subcutaneous fullness. Although the subcutaneous disease tends to spontaneously resolve within weeks to months, an associated hypercalcemia may have a fatal outcome. [ajnr.org]
Workup
Urine
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Pyuria
Pyuria (20- 25 WBC / HPF), hypercalcaemia (ca 13.5mg/dl, P 3.5mg/dl, Alk .ph 326), hyperammonia (160mg/dl), hyperuricemia (7.2mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemia (415mg/dl) were detected as abnormal laboratory findings. [pjms.com.pk]
Serum
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Base Deficit
The cord arterial pH was 6.85 and the base deficit 18.1 mmol/l. Blood cultures were drawn, and the infant received amoxicillin and gentamicin. A chest radiograph showed cardiac enlargement with clear lung fields. [fn.bmj.com]
Treatment
Furthermore, the immediate postnatal period was complicated by pain resistant to treatment with opiates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The deep nodules usually occur within 1 to 30 days after the cessation of high-dose steroid treatment. Traumatic fat necrosis has focal areas of necrosis and inflammation but lacks the crystals in the fat. [dermaamin.com]
Prognosis
SN is associated with a poor prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] usually good; hypercalcemia associated with poor prognosis severity correlates with mortality; many infants die in a few days Occasional patients may show a mixed pattern with features of both syndromes. [meducator3.net]
Etiology
This review attempts to put into perspective their similarities and differences in light of historical, biochemical, pathologic, and etiologic considerations. Recent therapeutic modalities and the prognosis are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Clinical Features: Indurated erythematous or violaceous nodules of unknown etiology appearing in the first few weeks of life Affects full-term or post-term infants. [dermpedia.org]
Definition : Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a rare disorder with different etiologies. There are no epidemiologic data available for SCFN. [humpath.com]
Etiology Different predisposing factors play an important role in the etiology of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. [drmhijazy.com]
Epidemiology
There are no epidemiologic data available for SCFN. [humpath.com]
[…] maternal hypercoagulable state such as protein C deficiency and antiphospholipid syndrome. [23] Local pressure trauma during delivery from forceps, from prolonged labor, and from being large for gestational age (macrosomia) may play a role. [20, 21] Epidemiology [emedicine.com]
Pathophysiology
SCFN and BAT can be found at the same sites, suggesting a pathophysiological connection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
DISCUSSION SCFN is a rare, often painful condition of unknown pathophysiology. [fn.bmj.com]
The pathophysiology of hypercalcaemia is not known completely but calcium release from necrotic fat cells and production of 1, 25 (OH) 2 vit D from granulomatous cells (like macrophages) result to prostaglandin production which increases osteoclatsic [pjms.com.pk]
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn usually runs a self-limited course, but it may be complicated by hypercalcemia and other metabolic abnormalities. [1, 2] Pathophysiology The exact pathogenesis of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFNN) [emedicine.com]
Prevention
Physicians caring for infants with subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn should be aware of the above associations in order to provide prompt and appropriate treatment to prevent associated, undesirable sequelae. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
In order to prevent other complications resulting from hypercalcemia, regular follow-up for calcium levels is recommended in these patients. [3], [4] Our patient had no hematologic or metabolic abnormality. [jcnonweb.com]
The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of hypercalcemia are essential to prevent severe complications. Keywords: Hypercalcemia; Fat Necrosis; Infant, Newborn; Nephrocalcinosis; Subcutaneous Fat. Refbacks There are currently no refbacks. [actamedicaportuguesa.com]
Elevated serum calcium may persist long after the withdrawal of cutaneous lesions, which is the reason for continuous monitoring of serum calcium and appropriate treatment in case of hypercalcemia in order to prevent metastatic calcifi cation. [paedcro.com]
Many cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn have been reported in newborns who sustained perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury and were treated by hypothermia to prevent encephalopathy and serious brain injury. [10, 11, 12, 13] Cases of subcutaneous [emedicine.com]