We present this case with future plan to study the genetic map of his family. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pain

  Look for these symptoms in athletes when cardiac arrest is suspected: Men Women Chest pain, angina and/or ear or neck pain Center chest pain, comes and goes Severe headache Lightheadedness Excessive breathlessness Shortness of breath with/without chest [ksi.uconn.edu]

  Heart attacks usually cause chest pain and only sometimes cause sudden death. UCSF's Dr. Bryan Lee discusses what can be done to recognize the person at risk for sudden cardiac death and what newer treatments are available. [uctv.tv]

  It is important to recognize the atypical symptoms of aortic dissection and maintain a broad differential diagnosis if patients complained of abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  Clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from no symptoms to a progressive deterioration in cardiac function that results in congestive heart failure, systemic thromboemboli, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005 ; 352 : 225–237. [circ.ahajournals.org]

  Myocarditis Histopathological image of myocarditis at autopsy in a patient with acute onset of congestive heart failure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocarditis Usually have a history of being ill, including CHF Associated with atrial and ventricular [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

• Unconsciousness

  A person in cardiac arrest will be unconscious and will stop breathing or will not be breathing normally (they may make gasping noises or may be breathing irregularly). [heartfoundation.org.au]

  Time is critical when you're helping an unconscious person who isn't breathing. If you see someone who's unconscious and not breathing normally, do the following: Call 911 or the emergency number in your area. [mayoclinic.org]

  As a result, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommends that therapeutic hypothermia be used in all unconscious adult patients with spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when the initial rhythm is VT [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Dispatchers should be educated to identify unconsciousness with abnormal and agonal gasps across a range of clinical presentations and descriptions (Class I, LOE C-LD). [dx.doi.org]

• Coronary Atherosclerosis

  Waist-hip ratio was measured prospectively on medicolegal autopsies performed for 1 year, in addition to standard measurements of BMI and heart weight, and histologic determination of severe coronary atherosclerosis (SCA, coronary artery diameter stenosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Coronary atherosclerosis accounted for 23%, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) for 12.5%, mitral valve prolapse for 10%, conduction system abnormalities for 10%, congenital coronary artery anomalies for 8.5%, myocarditis for 7.5%, [bjsm.bmj.com]

  Statins are associated with slower progression of overall coronary atherosclerosis volume and reduction of high-risk plaque features, yet statins increase the CAC score (S4.4.1.4-17). [theskepticalcardiologist.com]

  Sudden cardiac death not related to coronary atherosclerosis. Toxicol Pathol. 2006. 34(1):52-7. Latini R, Maggioni AP, Flather M. ACE inhibitor use in patients with myocardial infarction. Summary of evidence from clinical trials. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Diarrhea

  TNF-α is associated with demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, endocrine dysfunction, edema, weight loss, hypertriglyceridemia and diarrhea. [scielo.br]

  When present, such symptoms are often overshadowed or preceded by symptoms of viral illness such as vomiting, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and myalgias. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Tachycardia

  Commotio cordis (sudden ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation after a blow to the precordium) is a risk in athletes with thin, compliant chest walls even when no cardiovascular disorder is present. [msdmanuals.com]

  There were 11 ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation episodes occurring in 10 (22%) patients. Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation occurred over a range of 1 to 79 days, median 24 days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Learn more about ventricular tachycardia . [stanfordhealthcare.org]

  Ventricular tachycardias and ventricular fibrillation in structurally normal hearts 10.1 Outflow tract ventricular tachycardias 10.2 Ventricular tachycardias of miscellaneous origin 10.3 Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation 10.4 Short-coupled torsade de [escardio.org]

• Heart Failure

  Atrial fibrillation remains one of the major causes of stroke, heart failure, sudden death all over the world. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Scientists found that non-obese heart failure patients – including overweight, normal and underweight patients – had a 76 percent increase in risk of sudden cardiac death compared to obese heart failure patients. [urmc.rochester.edu]

  Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the relevance of heart failure: the Maastricht Circulatory Arrest Registry. Eur Heart J. 2003 ; 24 : 1204–1209. [circ.ahajournals.org]

  Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the relevance of heart failure: the Maastricht Circulatory Arrest Registry. [web.archive.org]

• Chest Pain

  Heart attacks usually cause chest pain and only sometimes cause sudden death. UCSF's Dr. Bryan Lee discusses what can be done to recognize the person at risk for sudden cardiac death and what newer treatments are available. [uctv.tv]

  KEYWORDS: ALCAPA; Sudden cardiac death; chest pain; congenital anomaly; dyspnea; exercise intolerance; syncope [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Look for these symptoms in athletes when cardiac arrest is suspected: Men Women Chest pain, angina and/or ear or neck pain Center chest pain, comes and goes Severe headache Lightheadedness Excessive breathlessness Shortness of breath with/without chest [ksi.uconn.edu]

  Within an hour before SCA, some people have chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea (feeling sick to the stomach), or vomiting. Rate This Content: < BACK NEXT >> Updated: June 22, 2016 [web.archive.org]

• Thrombosis

  Two of the coronary arteries were further occluded by thrombosis. These factors led to cardiac hypoperfusion, myocardial infarction and, ultimately, sudden cardiac death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  16 Smoking of cannabis is also related to coronary thrombosis and infarction. 17 Toxicology is thus essential in all cases of sudden death in athletes to rule out these drugs being related to atheroma, thrombosis, infarction or hypertrophy. [bjsm.bmj.com]

  […] disease in the elderly -- Cardiovascular disease in women -- Pregnancy and heart disease -- Exercise and sports cardiology -- Anesthesia and noncardiac surgery in patients with heart disease -- Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular disease -- Hemostasis, thrombosis [worldcat.org]

  Effect of risk factors on the mechanism of acute thrombosis and sudden coronary death in women. Circulation. 1998; 97 : 2110–2116. Crossref Medline Google Scholar 24 Talbott E, Kuller LH, Perper J, et al. [dx.doi.org]

• Stroke

  Atrial fibrillation remains one of the major causes of stroke, heart failure, sudden death all over the world. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Your doctor also may discuss beginning statin treatment if you have an elevated risk for developing heart disease or having a stroke. [web.archive.org]

  Study Selection Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of omega-3 on all-cause mortality, cardiac death, sudden death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. [doi.org]

• Irritability

  When blood vessels narrow, the heart muscle can become irritated because of lack of blood supply. [medicinenet.com]

  The affected area is red, irritated, itchy, or a combination. [msdmanuals.com]

  For persistent irritation, 0.5–1.0% hydrocortisone cream twice daily may help. Discontinue if you are no better after 2 weeks of use. [skinsight.com]

  These factors create the perfect conditions for the rash to develop, causing itching and irritation that can range from mildly inconvenient to extremely painful. [babylonhealth.com]

• Confusion

  Although the terms are commonly confused, cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack. Heart attacks are caused by a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery, which obstructs blood flow to the heart, killing part of the heart muscle. [pacificrimep.com]

  While inevitably cumbersome, the new law does much to dispel the confusions and accidental cruelties that accompany new medical technologies. Above all, it recognizes a patient's right to make choices about death as well as life. [web.archive.org]

  (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) Other Concepts Annotation do not confuse X refs ULCER, APHTHOUS or CANKER SORE with "oral ulcers" ( = ORAL ULCER ) History note 65 Public Note 65 Record number D013281 Persistent link Allowable qualifiers [medvik.cz]

• Slurred Speech

  speech, altered consciousness, seizures, bradycardia Magnesium Cofactor in variety of cell processes including control of sodium and potassium transport Polymorphic VT associated with QT prolongation (torsades de pointes) 1 to 2 g IV over 15 minutes [doi.org]

For athletes with documented or suspected heart disease of any kind, including arrhythmias, the book presents practical guidelines for diagnostic workup, therapy, recommendations about exercise, and eligibility for athletic competition. [amazon.com]

The focus is on exclusion of known phenotypes/genotypes or, alternatively, the blind workup of a relative of an undiagnosed cardiac arrest. [patient.info]

Procainamide testing may provoke a Brugada pattern irrespective of the baseline ECG and should be considered in the workup of SCD. 66 Cardiac MRI (ARVC, sarcoidosis, myocarditis, myocardial injury from coronary spasm). [aerjournal.com]

[…] natriuretic peptide (BNP) Other tests to evaluate or predict risk of SCD Imaging studies: Chest radiography, echocardiography, nuclear scintigraphy Electrocardiography (ECG): Including, possibly, signal-averaged ECG Coronary angiography Electrophysiology See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

Immediate treatment with advanced cardiac life support is successful in 20%; the percentage may increase as distribution of community-based, automated external defibrillators expands. [msdmanuals.com]

Understanding which children are most at risk for SCD can allow for greater customization of treatment. [chop.edu]

Withdrawals due to adverse effects were increased in the drug treatment group to 12.8%, as compared with 6.2% in the no treatment group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment in a Hospital If you survive SCA, you'll likely be admitted to a hospital for ongoing care and treatment. In the hospital, your medical team will closely watch your heart. [web.archive.org]

Various studies suggest a potential application of biomarkers in diagnostics, prognosis and treatment response. Further approaches include microRNAs or multimarker approaches. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Baker -- Determination of Neurological Prognosis / Cara Klajbor and Erica Schuyler -- Therapeutic Hypothermia as a Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock / David Erlinge. Responsabilità: Justin B. Lundbye, editor. [worldcat.org]

The worst cardiac prognosis was seen in patients receiving diuretics or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors who had not suffered a definite myocardial infarction, regardless of age. [doi.org]

All of these blood levels tend to be abnormal in the most functionally impaired patient, so they tend to separate the patient with a very bad prognosis from a bad prognosis. [content.onlinejacc.org]

Currently, the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of ECPA are unknown. Cases of ECPA with a history of allergic disorders are rare. Only one case of ECPA with tissue eosinophilia in another organ has been reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCA are linked, in that mechanisms of SCA can be modeled based on substrate and expression characteristics. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Definitions, epidemiology and future perspectives for the prevention of sudden cardiac death 3.1 Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death 3.2 Indications for autopsy and molecular autopsy in sudden death victims 3.3 Risk prediction of sudden cardiac death [escardio.org]

View the epidemiology overview, or summaries of what has been found from these data sources. [michigan.gov]

The epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCA are linked, in that mechanisms of SCA can be modeled based on substrate and expression characteristics. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trials have demonstrated that implantable-cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are effective in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of sudden death Various approaches have been taken to manage the problem of sudden death worldwide, from primary prevention of heart disease; to secondary prevention of events associated with CHD, the development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR [inmo.ie]