A limited review of hepatotoxicity and drug interactions of sulindac is presented. The possible mechanism of hepatotoxicity and its treatment is suggested. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sulindac reductase activity is also present in mitochondria and microsomes. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pain

  Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. analgesic An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. [ebi.ac.uk]

  One patient was inadvertently treated two years later with sulindac with recurrence of abdominal pain, marked hyperamylasemia, and jaundice. Clinical resolution was rapid with each episode following discontinuation of sulindac. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Sulindac helps control arthritis pain but does not cure arthritis. If you are taking sulindac to treat arthritis pain, it may take 1 week or longer before you feel the full benefit of sulindac. [nlm.nih.gov]

  Sulindac can also be used to treat general pain, such as knee pain, lower back pain, or neck pain. Treatment of arthritis symptoms, including pain, stiffness, and swelling. [arthritis.emedtv.com]

  […] the chest or stomach burning while urinating chest pain chills clay-colored stools confusion cough or hoarseness cracks in the skin dark urine decreased urine output diarrhea difficult or labored breathing difficult or painful urination difficulty with [mayoclinic.org]

• Inflammation

  BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pulmonary disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients due to exacerbated inflammation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae, most commonly... Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE) Systemic lupus erythematosus is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of body tissues caused by autoimmune disease.... [medicinenet.com]

  Specific uses include the following: Pain relief, such as for pain following a procedure, from muscle strain, or from inflammation in a tendon (tendonitis) or bursa (bursitis). [arthritis.emedtv.com]

• Fever

  The body will then work to lower the temperature and the result is a reduction in fever. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. [ebi.ac.uk]

  Pulmonary infiltrates, cough, dyspnea, and fever developed in a 62-year-old woman with chronic degenerative arthritis who had been receiving sulindac therapy for six months. Her pulmonary signs and symptoms resolved upon withholding the drug. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Swelling

  […] the following side effects occur: More common Acid or sour stomach belching constipation headache heartburn nausea or vomiting skin rash stomach pain Less common Excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines itching skin passing gas stomach cramps swelling [mayoclinic.org]

  Sulindac is used to relieve pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis (arthritis caused by a breakdown of the lining of the joints), rheumatoid arthritis (arthritis caused by swelling of the lining of the joints), and ankylosing [nlm.nih.gov]

  Signs of allergic reaction to this drug may be swelling of the face, feeling like your tongue or throat are swelling, trouble breathing, rash, itching, fever, chills, feeling dizzy, and/or feeling that your heart is beating in a fast or not normal way [upmc.com]

  Treatment of arthritis symptoms, including pain, stiffness, and swelling. Sulindac can be used to treat several different types of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout. [arthritis.emedtv.com]

• Weakness

  The interaction is supported by preliminary, weak, fragmentary, and/or contradictory scientific evidence. [uofmhealth.org]

  Sulindac, a yellow crystalline compound, is a weak organic acid practically insoluble in water below pH 4.5, but very soluble as the sodium salt or in buffers of pH 6 or higher. [web.archive.org]

  Abstract Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as sulindac are promising chemoprevention agents against colon cancer, but their weak potency and side effects limit their use for both chemoprevention and chemotherapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] upper right abdominal pain vomiting of blood or material that looks like coffee grounds watery or bloody diarrhea weakness or heaviness of the legs weight gain wheezing yellow eyes or skin Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms [mayoclinic.org]

• Nausea

  The patient was hospitalized with an acute onset of headache, nuchal rigidity, nausea, and blurred vision. Brain imaging was unremarkable and a lumbar puncture revealed a lymphocytic pleocytosis. No infectious source was identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Common side effects of sulindac may include: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, indigestion, loss of appetite; diarrhea, constipation, gas; headache, dizziness, nervousness; itching, rash; or ringing in your ears. [drugs.com]

  Adverse Reactions: GI ulcer/bleeding/pain, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, rash (discontinue if occurs), dizziness, headache, tinnitus, edema, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, jaundice, hepatitis. [empr.com]

• Diarrhea

  Diarrhea and a small bowel lesion similar to that reported in celiac sprue were observed in a patient who had been taking sulindac. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If you have diarrhea, eat low-fiber foods that are high in protein and calories and avoid foods that can irritate your digestive tracts or lead to cramping. [upmc.com]

  Adverse Reactions: GI ulcer/bleeding/pain, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, rash (discontinue if occurs), dizziness, headache, tinnitus, edema, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, jaundice, hepatitis. [empr.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  One patient was inadvertently treated two years later with sulindac with recurrence of abdominal pain, marked hyperamylasemia, and jaundice. Clinical resolution was rapid with each episode following discontinuation of sulindac. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Sometimes, ulceration of the stomach and bleeding can occur without any abdominal pain, and black tarry stools, weakness, and dizziness upon standing ( orthostatic hypotension ) may be the only signs of internal bleeding. [medicinenet.com]

  Stop taking sulindac and get medical help right away if you notice any of these rare but serious side effects: stomach/abdominal pain that doesn't go away, black/tarry stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, chest/jaw/left arm pain, shortness of [webmd.com]

  It is used to relieve pain and swelling associated with certain types of arthritis. Sulindac overdose occurs when someone takes too much of this medicine. [mountsinai.org]

• Pyrosis

  NSAID-induced esophagitis is characterized by sudden onset odynophagia, pyrosis (heartburn), retrosternal pain, and dysphagia. [pdr.net]

• Heart Disease

  The risk may be greater in older adults or if you have heart disease or increased risk for heart disease (for example, due to smoking, family history of heart disease, or conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes). [webmd.com]

  Sulindac can increase your risk of fatal heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it long term or take high doses, or if you have heart disease. [everydayhealth.com]

• Ulcer

  The ulcers could not be ameliorated by decreasing the dose of sulindac to 100 mg/day; therefore, we stopped administering the drug. After 6 months, the size of the ulcers was reduced; 1 year later, all ulcers had scarred and healed. [academic.oup.com]

  Active or history of GI bleeding, peptic ulcer, or kidney stones. Heart failure. Impaired renal or hepatic function. Edema. Hypertension. Bleeding disorders. Sepsis. Diabetes. Preexisting asthma. Maintain adequate hydration. [empr.com]

  GI Effects Serious GI toxicity (e.g., bleeding, ulceration, perforation) can occur with or without warning symptoms; increased risk in those with a history of GI bleeding or ulceration, geriatric patients, smokers, those with alcohol dependence, and those [drugs.com]

• Blister

  Tell your doctor right away if you get sunburned or have skin blisters /redness. Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially stomach bleeding and kidney problems. [webmd.com]

  Check with your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms while taking this medicine: blistering, peeling, loosening of the skin; chills; cough; diarrhea; fever; itching; joint or muscle pain; red skin lesions; sore throat; sores, ulcers [mayoclinic.org]

  Get medical help right away if your child has signs like red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin (with or without fever); red or irritated eyes; or sores in the mouth, throat, nose, or eyes. [mskcc.org]

• Eczema

  Use cautiously with a history of eczema. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding. Thyme : Thyme has been used medicinally for thousands of years. [thesourcenatural.com]

• Facial Swelling

  In many instances, the features of hypersensitivity (such as facial swelling, desquamating rash, pharyngitis, stomatitis, lymphadenopathy, and hypotension) overshadow the liver injury and are more commonly the cause of death. [livertox.nih.gov]

• Headache

  The patient was hospitalized with an acute onset of headache, nuchal rigidity, nausea, and blurred vision. Brain imaging was unremarkable and a lumbar puncture revealed a lymphocytic pleocytosis. No infectious source was identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Adverse Reactions: GI ulcer/bleeding/pain, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, rash (discontinue if occurs), dizziness, headache, tinnitus, edema, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, jaundice, hepatitis. [empr.com]

• Dizziness

  Pain in your abdomen Stomach cramps Nausea and vomiting (throwing up) Diarrhea (loose bowel movements) Constipation (unable to move bowels) Excess gas Heartburn Swelling of your legs, ankles and/or feet Decreased appetite (decreased hunger) Feeling dizzy [upmc.com]

  It is used with caution in patients who have upper GI tract disease or impaired renal function. adverse effects Among the more serious adverse reactions are GI upset, peptic ulcer, dizziness, tinnitus, and skin rash. sulindac Clinoril ® An NSAID that [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  This drug may make you dizzy. Alcohol or marijuana ( cannabis ) can make you more dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis). [webmd.com]

• Irritability

  If both iron and nabumetone are prescribed, they should be taken with food to reduce GI irritation and bleeding risk. [uofmhealth.org]

  The postmortem examination suggested that the mechanism was likely a direct irritant insult causing ischaemia on the gastric mucosa. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  His recommendation was that I try a drug in the pro-NSAID class, which is less irritating to the stomach. In retrospect, I think that for me, the Sulindac was a trade-off: less stomach irritation exchanged for liver irritation with the Sulindac. [druglib.com]

  Alcohol: avoid concomitant use of alcohol with this medication as it may worsen stomach irritation. [health24.com]

• Seizure

  Overdose may include Breathing difficulties including wheezing Nausea, vomiting (blood in vomit) Decreased blood pressure (hypotension) Lethargy and weakness Shock, chills Confusion and increased nervousness Lack of coordination, mumbling (incoherence) Seizures [dovemed.com]

  This may result in a dangerous condition known as lithium toxicity because these drugs stop the body from getting rid of lithium and lithium blood levels are increased; in severe cases, this can cause seizures, coma and even death. [worstpills.org]

  Comment: Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures with high doses of fluoroquinolones. moxisylyte sulindac decreases effects of moxisylyte by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Use Caution/Monitor. [reference.medscape.com]

  […] potential risk of kidney damage blood glucose lowering drugs risk of prolonged low blood sugar baclofen potential baclofen toxicity other NSAID’s potential risk of gastrointestinal bleeding probenecid risk of sulindac toxicity quionolone antibiotics risk of seizures [health24.com]

  face, lips, or tongue red skin lesions, often with a purple center red, irritated eyes redness of the face, neck, arms and occasionally, upper chest redness or other discoloration of the skin redness, swelling, or soreness of the tongue scaly skin seizures [mayoclinic.org]

• Vertigo

  If the discomfort continues, speak with your doctor Other less common side-effects: headache, feeling dizzy or sleepy, nervousness, mood changes, difficulty sleeping, a spinning sensation (called vertigo), and ringing noises (called tinnitus) If any of [patient.info]

  […] tinnitus / Delayed / 1.0-3.0 dysgeusia / Early / 0-1.0 alopecia / Delayed / 0-1.0 xerostomia / Early / 0-1.0 photosensitivity / Delayed / 0-1.0 urticaria / Rapid / 0-1.0 urine discoloration / Early / 0-1.0 insomnia / Early / 0-1.0 syncope / Early / 0-1.0 vertigo [pdr.net]

Cytotoxicity, pH, and SCFA content of fecal water showed no differences at all among the three treatment groups. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Columns, mean of three independent treatments; bars, SD. [doi.org]

Relentless growth and recurrence carry a poor prognosis. Recently, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to halt the growth of these tumors, presumably by interfering with prostaglandin metabolism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of Sulindac Overdose is dependent on the amount of drug consumed, time between overdose and treatment, severity of the symptoms, as well as general health status of the patient In most cases, the individual can recover from the symptoms [dovemed.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Recovery is likely. In rare cases, kidney damage may be permanent and require long-term dialysis. References Aronson JK. Sulindac. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:591-594. [mountsinai.org]

TEN has multiple etiologies, but the basic mechanism of injury is believed to be an immunological reaction directed at the basal cell layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiologic factors contributing to the development of these defects are unknown. To investigate this we have reviewed reports of risk factors for each anomaly and report them here. [dx.doi.org]

Article navigation Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan Correspondence to: Hideki Ishikawa, M.D., Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical [academic.oup.com]

[…] humans. 1 Sulindac is one of the older NSAIDs, an isostere of indomethacin developed before the inducible form of COX- 2 was discovered. 2 Although a number of NSAIDs have been found to protect against digestive tract cancers, sulindac has an extensive epidemiology [caymanchem.com]

Husain T, Langlois PH, Sever LE, Gambello MJ (2008) Descriptive epidemiologic features shared by birth defects thought to be related to vascular disruption in Texas, 1996–2002. [dx.doi.org]

Epidemiology of NSAID induced gastrointestinal complications. J Rheumatol. 1999; 26(suppl 56):18-24. 157. Giardiello FM, Yang VW, Hylind LM et al. Primary chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis with sulindac. [drugs.com]

This hypersensitivity response cannot be explained pathophysiologically by any mechanism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Parente L, Perretti M (2003) Advances in the pathophysiology of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenases: two enzymes in the spotlight. Biochem Pharmacol 65:153–159 CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 2. [dx.doi.org]

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for primary prevention of colorectal cancer: a systematic review prepared for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These results have implications for future NSAID-based cancer prevention clinical trials. [cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org]