Snapshot A 56-year-old man presents to his physician for pain in his right calf. He noticed his calf appears red and denies any trauma to the affected area. A week prior to presentation, he was flying on a plane for 14 hours. [medbullets.com]

Thrombophlebitis presents itself with many symptoms, such as pain and swelling, but DVT is more difficult to diagnose as it can remain symptomless. [belmarrahealth.com]

It is for this reason that the general consensus is that patients who present with signs and symptoms of an SP or STP should be evaluated by some diagnostic test, usually ultrasound, to rule out underlying DVT. [journals.lww.com]

When symptoms are present, they are similar to those of many other health conditions, so it is important to know if you are at risk of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). [venousinstitute.com]

• Swelling

  You can follow this advice to help reduce any pain and swelling: raise the leg to help reduce swelling ask your doctor if compression stockings would be suitable for you to help reduce swelling keep active to keep the blood circulating press a cold flannel [nhs.uk]

  You can see redness in the inner thigh of this patient, which is caused by the inflammation and swelling from the blood clot. It can be very painful. [lajollaveincare.com]

  When they occur, calf pain and ankle swelling are common. The risk factors for calf vein thrombosis are essentially the same as the risks factors for DVT. [yourhealthyveins.com]

  Increase in size is consistent with swelling, which might be due to a deep venous thrombosis. Figure 13.28. Measurement of the lower extremity circumference. Increase in size is consistent with swelling, which might be due to a deep ... [5minuteconsult.com]

  This causes swelling, tenderness and pain. The lump itself looks red and feels hot and sore to the touch. [netdoctor.co.uk]

• Fever

  If the patient also develops an infection, they can develop a fever, ulcers or pain. Deep vein phlebitis occurs in the deep veins within a limb, and it is especially common in the legs. [miamiveincenter.com]

  A low-grade fever may occur. Sometimes phlebitis may occur where a peripheral intravenous line was started. The surrounding area may be sore and tender along the vein. [preferredvasculargroup.com]

  Fever will then be a common feature Hardness: Some individuals will present late to the physician and complain of hard rope like structure along the leg. This usually occurs as the end stage of recovery. [veindirectory.org]

  Medical assistance In case of fever with shriving and worsening the symptoms, it indicates a serious health condition and need medical assistance. [healthsurgical.com]

• High Fever

  […] symptoms: • Severe swelling and pain in an arm or leg • Lumps in a leg • Sudden and unexplained shortness of breath (this is an especially serious symptom, for it can mean a blood clot has already reached a lung) • Any phlebitis symptoms accompanied with a high [miamiveincenter.com]

  Patients with suppurative thrombophlebitis are usually quite ill with high fevers and purulent discharge along the course of a vein. [journals.lww.com]

  If you have any of these signs and symptoms, go to a hospital emergency department for evaluation: High fever with any symptoms in an arm or leg Lumps in a leg Severe pain and swelling in an arm or leg New, unexplained significant shortness of breath, [webmd.com]

  Low grade fever may accompany superficial and deep phlebitis. High fever or drainage of pus from the site of thrombophlebitis may suggest an infection of the thrombophlebitis (referred to as septic thrombophlebitis). [ipcphysicaltherapy.com]

  High fever with any symptoms in an arm or leg Lumps in a leg Severe pain and swelling in an arm or leg Chest pain and shortness of breath, which could be the symptoms of pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lung). [emedicinehealth.com]

• Difficulty Walking

  walking or using your arms Change in sensation to affected leg or arm, including numbness, feeling cold, or change in color Extreme sweating, nausea or vomiting Lightheadedness Chest pain Rapid or irregular heartbeat Cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty [wkhs.com]

  In the leg, this can cause difficulty walking. H ow is phlebitis diagnosed? The diagnosis of superficial phlebitis can be made based on the physical examination by a physician. [ipcphysicaltherapy.com]

  In the leg, this can cause difficulty walking. What causes phlebitis? Phlebitis has many causes. [rxlist.com]

• Ankle Swelling

  When they occur, calf pain and ankle swelling are common. The risk factors for calf vein thrombosis are essentially the same as the risks factors for DVT. [yourhealthyveins.com]

• Nausea

  This may include chest pain, lightheadedness, nausea, tingling, or other discomfort. An area in the groin or arm will be cleaned and numbed. A needle will be inserted into a blood vessel. [wkhs.com]

  Women are more likely than men to have nausea, and less likely to have sweating as a symptom of a heart attack. Women may not feel the chest pain as distinctly as men. [medbroadcast.com]

• Chest Pain

  If present, the symptoms are common to other medical conditions and can include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid pulse, a cough that may or may not produce blood, and severe lightheadedness. [venousinstitute.com]

  […] dizziness, or fainting Extreme confusion Extreme drowsiness or trouble waking up New pain in the chest, arm, shoulder, neck, or upper back © 2000-2018 The StayWell Company, LLC. 800 Township Line Road, Yardley, PA 19067. [fairview.org]

  Call your local emergency number (911 in the US) if: You feel lightheaded, short of breath, and have chest pain. You cough up blood. When should I call my doctor? Your arm or leg feels warm, tender, and painful. It may look swollen and red. [drugs.com]

  For example, call if: You have sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, or you cough up blood. You vomit blood or what looks like coffee grounds. You pass maroon or very bloody stools. You passed out (lost consciousness). [myhealth.alberta.ca]

  Women may not feel the chest pain as distinctly as men. The most common places for women's chest pain to spread to are the neck, jaw, or back. [medbroadcast.com]

• Flushing

  You may feel a warm flush when the dye is injected. The catheter can then take measurements. Pressure can be measured in the heart's different chambers. Blood samples may also be taken. [wkhs.com]

  […] anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and surgery. 11 In a randomized study of 562 patients, unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin K antagonists were found to have equal efficacy and were superior to elastic compression or flush [phlebolymphology.org]

• Leg Pain

  Common Symptoms Include: Leg pain or tenderness Leg swelling Discoloration of leg; usually blue, purple, or red Regardless of the cause, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) can be particularly dangerous if left untreated. [venousinstitute.com]

  In the case of DVT, a blood clot in the leg may cause pain, swelling, redness, and increased warmth. The leg may ache when standing. This usually occurs in one leg only. [medbroadcast.com]

(See Etiology, Presentation, and Workup .) Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis of the superficial venous system receive little attention in medical and surgical textbooks. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Thrombocytosis

  Homocysteinemia Homocystinuria Hyperlipidemias Immobilization Malignancy MI Phenothiazines Plasminogen abnormality Plasminogen activator abnormality Polycythemia Postoperative Protein C deficiency Protein S deficiency Resistance to activated protein C Thrombocytosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

The evaluated treatment modalities consisted of a topical treatment (11 studies), an oral treatment (2 studies) and a parenteral treatment (2 studies). [cochrane.org]

1 The review concluded that the available evidence on oral treatments, topical treatment, and surgery was too limited to inform clinical practice about the effects of these treatments on venous thromboembolism or superficial thrombophlebitis extension [bmj.com]

Treatment evd The aim of treatment is to alleviate local symptoms as well as to prevent thrombosis from spreading into the deep veins and embolization to lungs. [ebm-guidelines.com]

[…] high-dose estrogen therapy malignancy immobilization Pathogenesis endothelial injury can trigger thrombus formation and an inflammatory response Associated conditions deep venous thrombosis Buerger disease migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndrome) Prognosis [medbullets.com]

What are the symptoms, treatment, and prognosis for phlebitis? Pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness are some common symptoms of phlebitis. [rxlist.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) This is often a short-term condition that does not cause complications. Symptoms often go away in 1 to 2 weeks. Hardness of the vein may remain for much longer. Possible Complications Complications are rare. [ufhealth.org]

Etiology Risk factors The most important clinically identifiable risk factors for thrombophlebitis are a prior history of superficial phlebitis, DVT, and PE. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

Etiology There are a large number of potential causes which does overlap with the causes of DVT 4 : varicose veins (most common) morphological changes that predispose to stasis and consequently to the development of thrombotic process prolonged immobilization [radiopaedia.org]

Etiology and Pathophysiology Similar to deep venous thrombosis; Virchow triad of vessel trauma, stasis, and hypercoagulability (genetic, iatrogenic, or idiopathic) Varicose veins play a primary role in etiology of lower extremity phlebitis. [unboundmedicine.com]

EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES The incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) in the general population ranges from 3% to 11%, 1-5 although this is considered to be an underestimate as only the more symptomatic [phlebolymphology.org]

ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. ^ Ann Intern Med 2010; 152:218 / Superficial venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism: a large, prospective epidemiologic study / Decousus H., et al. ^ Creager, Mark; Loscalzo, Joseph; Beckman, Joshua A. (30 August 2012). [en.wikipedia.org]

Introduction Clinical definition a thrombotic disorder characterized by thrombi and inflammation (phlebitis) in the superficial veins Epidemiology demographics women > men more common in adults location most commonly in the lower extremities can also [medbullets.com]

Recent findings in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis. Thromb Res. 2011;127(suppl 3):S81-S85. 6. Decousus H, Epinat M, Guillot K, Quenet S, Boissier C, Tardy B. [phlebolymphology.org]

Recent findings in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis. Thrombosis Res 2011 ; 127 (suppl 3): S81 -5. ↵ Rosendaal FR. Thrombosis in the young: epidemiology and risk factors. A focus on venous thrombosis. [bmj.com]

Epidemiology/pathophysiology Figure 1. Superficial thrombophlebitis presents as a sudden onset of leg discomfort with firm inflamed varicosities. [lermagazine.com]

Images are linked to descriptions of pathophysiologic processes so that readers clearly understand the clinical significance of sonographic findings. [books.google.com]

Mondor disease pathophysiology not completely understood Less commonly due to infection (i.e., septic) Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Peptostreptococcus sp. Candida sp. [unboundmedicine.com]

Epidemiology/pathophysiology Figure 1. Superficial thrombophlebitis presents as a sudden onset of leg discomfort with firm inflamed varicosities. [lermagazine.com]

Pathophysiology Microscopic thrombosis is a normal part of the dynamic balance of hemostasis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prevention of Thrombophlebitis Some cases of thrombophlebitis can be prevented by simply eliminating as much of the risk factors as possible. For example, if you quit smoking, it reduces your risk of thrombophlebitis. [healthpages.org]

Prevention There is nothing certain rule for preventing the superficial thrmbophlebitis, but certain measures can help to prevent the event, such as Avoid prolongs sitting or lie down position. [healthsurgical.com]

Treatment and prevention of phlebitis Compression stockings and wraps can be effective for treating discomfort associated with phlebitis. [belmarrahealth.com]

Treatment The treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis mainly aims to reduce inflammation and pain and also prevent complications (deep vein thrombosis). [vr.net.au]

Prevention In the hospital, swollen or inflamed veins can be prevented by: The nurse regularly changing the location of your IV line and removing it if swelling, redness, or pain develop Walking and staying active as soon as possible after surgery or [ufhealth.org]