Case presentation A 28-year-old female patient presented to AIC Kijabe Hospital (KH) with a large, ulcerated mass on her left thigh which had been present for the previous 6 months. [link.springer.com]

Definition (NCI) A friable, benign vascular neoplasm with lobular capillary architecture that presents as a raised red skin growth. [fpnotebook.com]

The patient developed dry eyes after a month of first presentation. [ijo.in]

Present as persistent drainage, often with fecal material! May persist as a Polyp at the umbilicus = Umbilical Polyp Present as a Very Red mass within the umbilicus. Can contain gastric or intestinal tissue. Do not resolve with silver nitrate. [pedemmorsels.com]

• Cheilitis

  ISBN 978-0-323-06489-7. v t e Oral and maxillofacial pathology ( K00–K06, K11–K14, 520–525, 527–529 ) Lips Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning [en.wikipedia.org]

  Other conditions that can show naked granulomas include Crohn's disease, the Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome with granulomatous cheilitis, silica granulomas and granulomatous rosacea. These are sarcoidal reactions at the site of a graze injury. [dermatopathologymadesimple.blogspot.com]

• Bruxism

  […] marrow defect Paget's disease of bone Periapical abscess Phoenix abscess Periapical periodontitis Stafne defect Torus mandibularis Temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities Bruxism [en.wikipedia.org]

• Macrostomia

  Sialectasis Sialocele Sialodochitis Sialosis Sialolithiasis Sjögren's syndrome Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia [en.wikipedia.org]

• Vascular Disease

  Alani, MD Klaus Busam, MD New York, New York J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:S225-6 Abstract quote Silicone compounds have recently been a source of controversy with regard to their potential role in the genesis of collagen vascular diseases. [thedoctorsdoctor.com]

• Hyperkeratosis

  Explanation Just as there are a variety of distinctive patterns of epithelium in skin, such as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, cornoid lamellation, pale-cell acanthosis, and epithelial (follicular) mucinosis, so, too, there [derm101.com]

  Exfoliative erythroderma and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis associated with Majocchi's granuloma by Trichophyton tonsurans in a patient with AIDS. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2017 Apr 24. [Medline]. Mayser PA. [Majocchi granuloma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Histopathology shows hyperkeratosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia [Figure 2], and a tuberculoid granulomatous inflammatory pattern in the upper and mid dermis. [ijdpdd.com]

• Blister

  Examples: tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, cat-scratch disease, foreign-body reaction Morphologic patterns in acute & chronic inflammation: · Serous inflammation - marked by effusion (skin blister) · Fibrinous inflammation - fibrinolysis leads to resolution [pathologyexpert.com]

Adequate clinical data and workup in combination with pathological resources can help in elucidation of specific etiology and good clinicopathologic correlation. [e-ijd.org]

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the first step in the workup for cervical lymphadenopathy; however, little has been published regarding the cytomorphological features of tularemia lymphadenitis. [karger.com]

• Polyps

  […] pyogenicum (morphologic abnormality), Pyogenic granuloma (disorder), Pyogenic granuloma, granuloma; pyogenic, granuloma; suppurative, granuloma; telangiectaticum, pyogenic; granuloma, suppurative; granuloma, telangiectaticum; granuloma, Granulomatous polyp [fpnotebook.com]

  May persist as a Polyp at the umbilicus = Umbilical Polyp Present as a Very Red mass within the umbilicus. Can contain gastric or intestinal tissue. Do not resolve with silver nitrate. Often confused with Umbilical Granuloma! [pedemmorsels.com]

  Granuloma formation can develop into polyps in the middle ear. This process may continue, destroying surrounding structures and leading to the various complications of CSOM. [patient.info]

  Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia Odontogenic tumors Keratocystic odontogenic tumour Odontoma Dens in dente Open contact Premature eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp [en.wikipedia.org]

Recurrence rates following treatment can be common regardless of treatment modality. Pregnancy tumours tend to regress spontaneously following childbirth so treatment should be postponed accordingly. [patient.info]

Topical treatments were allowed. [jamanetwork.com]

Multiple Subungual Pyogenic Granulomas Following Levothyroxine Treatment. J Craniofac Surg. 2015 Sep. 26 (6):e476-7. [Medline]. Wollina U. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment can begin with topical or systemic antibiotics, or both. [aafp.org]

New sections on treatment that highlight recent treatment trials and guidelines. Clinical descriptions updated. Brand new illustrations incorporated throughout. 14,000 new references. [books.google.com]

A distinct type of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma with an intermediate prognosis. Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Working Group. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132:1304-1308. ‎ Pagina 267 - Fletcher V, Sagebiel RW. [books.google.it]

Systemic disease, e.g. chronic granulomatous disease, Crohn's disease, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, IgG4 disease and other connective tissue disorders Idiopathic: 10 - 15% of all hepatic granulomas; a diagnosis of exclusion; excellent prognosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

PMID: 22682192 Prognosis Ravindra N, Sadashiva N, Mahadevan A, Bhat DI, Saini J World Neurosurg 2018 Aug;116:e362-e370. Epub 2018 May 9 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.205. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Intratemporal complications include: Petrositis Facial paralysis [ 17 ] Labyrinthitis Intracranial complications include: Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis Meningitis Intracranial abscess Sequelae include: Hearing loss Tympanosclerosis Prognosis [ 2 ] Prognosis [patient.info]

Non-infectious etiologies require a thorough clinicopathologic review to narrow the scope of the pathogenesis which include: foreign body reaction, autoimmune, neoplastic, and drug related etiologies. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

Tissular pathology > suppurative granuloma tuberculoid granuloma with central suppuration, suppurative tuberculoid granuloma, suppurative granuloma; suppurative epithelioid granuloma; abscess-forming granulomatous lymphadenitis Etiology chalazion chronic [humpath.com]

Suppurative stellate granuloma of undetermined etiology [granuloma.homestead.com]

The differential diagnosis of granulomatous dermal inflammation is wide and is classified both by etiology and pattern of infiltrate. [link.springer.com]

Infectious etiologies, especially fungal and mycobacterial, should be excluded with special stains in any granulomatous process without obvious etiology. Examination under polarized light is required to exclude birefringent foreign material. [clinicalgate.com]

[…] prevalence of periapical periodontitis is generally reported to vary according to age group, e.g. 33% in those aged 20–30, 40% in 30- to 40-year-olds, 48% in 40- to 50-year-olds, 57% in 50- to 60-year-olds and 62% in those over the age of 60. [3] Most epidemiologic [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Frequency To the authors' knowledge, no specific data on the incidence and prevalence of Majocchi granuloma exist. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology Mean age for presentation is 6-7 years. Thereafter, there is a decrease in incidence with age [ 7 ]. They represent 0.5% of skin nodules in children [ 8 ]. [patient.info]

Harris MN, Desai R, Chuang TY, Hood AF, Mirowski GW: Lobular capillary hemangiomas: An epidemiologic report, with emphasis on cutaneous lesions. J Am Acad Dermat. 2000, 42 (6): 1012-1016. 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90295-0. CrossRef Google Scholar 9. [link.springer.com]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of the fungal infection and defense mechanisms against superficial dermatomycosis has been studied. [6] Two series of experimental infections of T mentagrophytes were made on the forearm of a male volunteer with topical [emedicine.medscape.com]

Defect in integrin b 2 chain (shared by LFA-1 and Mac-1): CD18 Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II Clinical: Impaired leukocyte adhesion and recurrent bacterial infections (milder than LAD1) Pathophysiology: Absence of sialyl-Lewis X, ligand for E-selectin [pathologyexpert.com]

However as a significant proportion will still relapse, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is essential to enable new therapeutic agents to be sought. [imj.ie]

It has been previously classified on the basis of pathophysiology, etiology, immunology, and morphology. [2] In the present study, granulomatous dermatitis was classified using a combination of etiology and morphology of granuloma. [e-ijd.org]

Prevention and treatment of dental granuloma Depending on the size of the inflamed site, the surrounding tissue condition and the presence of complications, granuloma tooth treated by various methods: Conservative. [noillen.bitballoon.com]

There dentists will cut the gum and remove pus and install drainage to prevent formation of pus in the wound. Drainage is installed for 3 days. Anti-inflammatory medicamental therapy is also necessary. [dent-wiki.com]

Long-term outcomes (eg, healing of tympanic perforation, recurrence prevention and hearing improvement) need further study. [patient.info]

J Clin Microbiol 35:2927–2930 PubMed Google Scholar Gross A, Terraza A, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Liautard JP, Dornand J (2000) In vitro Brucella suis infection prevents the programmed cell death of human monocytic cells. [link.springer.com]

Complete surgical excision remains the treatment of choice to prevent recurrence. Increased public awareness is needed for the prevention of this physically and psychologically debilitating problem. [thedoctorsdoctor.com]