It usually remains asymptomatic in mild cases, but if severe, may present with chronic and vague RUQ abdominal pain which may be intermittent or persistent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pain

  Symptoms of the condition can include bowel obstruction, chronic pain, female infertility and, sometimes, death. [upi.com]

  Long term follow-up at 3.7 years showed that 33% who underwent adhesiolysis were totally pain-free, 46% had less pain, and the rest did not experience improvement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  She was admitted to the emergency room five hours before surgery with severe acute abdominal pain which appeared 24 hours before. CT-scan with oral administration of gastrografin showed signs of intestinal obstruction and adhesions were suspected. [websurg.com]

  Peridural adhesions [ edit ] Adhesions and scarring as epidural fibrosis may occur after spinal surgery that restricts the free movement of nerve roots, causing tethering and leading to pain. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Infertility

  Symptoms of the condition can include bowel obstruction, chronic pain, female infertility and, sometimes, death. [upi.com]

  suction dilation and curettage, myomectomy, endometrial ablation ) may result in Asherman's syndrome (also known as intrauterine adhesions, intra uterine synachiae), a cause of infertility. [en.wikipedia.org]

  - Female infertility and dyspareunia. - Rectal bleeding and dyschezia (i.e. painful defecation) during menses, which typically indicate colorectal involvement of endometriosis [8]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Surgical Procedure

  Abdominal adhesions [ edit ] Abdominal adhesions (or intra-abdominal adhesions) are most commonly caused by abdominal surgical procedures. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hypothermia

  "Heated and humidified CO2 prevents hypothermia, peritoneal injury, and intra-abdominal adhesions during prolonged laparoscopic insufflations". J Surg Res. 151 (1): 40–47. doi : 10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.039. PMID 18639246. "Adhesions". [en.wikipedia.org]

• Asymptomatic

  It usually remains asymptomatic in mild cases, but if severe, may present with chronic and vague RUQ abdominal pain which may be intermittent or persistent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dyspepsia

  Empiric and symptomatic treatment such as those available for dyspepsia (e.g. simethicone, proton pump inhibitors, nortriptyline) are often attempted but are of variable efficacy, depending on the extent to which symptoms are attributable to adhesions [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  In a small but clinically significant proportion of patients, adhesive disease may develop, wherein adhesions lead to a variety of chronic symptoms such as abdominal distension, pain, nausea, and abnormal bowel movement pattern which can be daily, intermittent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Constipation

  - Altered bowel habits, including constipation or frequent loose stools (e.g. from development of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth). - Nausea with or without early satiety. - Bowel obstruction, which may be transient, partial, or complete (and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chronic Abdominal Pain

  Laparoscopy Effective for Management of Chronic Abdominal Pain; pp. 14–15. [ Google Scholar ] 20. Paajanen H., Julkunen K., Waris H. Laparoscopy on chronic abdominal pain. A prospective Nonrandomized long-term follow up study. J. Clin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Recurrent Abdominal Pain

  Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic and recurrent abdominal pain. Trop. Gastroenterol. 2013; 34 (3):170–173. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 22. Hammoud A., Gago A., Diamond M.P. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hepatomegaly

  Imaging studies on the other hand will show abnormalities such as increased liver echotexture on ultrasound or hypodensity on computed tomography, often with hepatomegaly. - Other disorders: Atypical presentation of peptic ulcer disease, small bowel strictures [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Frozen Shoulder

  Regions affected [ edit ] Adhesive capsulitis [ edit ] In the case of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (also known as frozen shoulder), adhesions grow between the shoulder joint surfaces, restricting motion. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Suggestibility

  In 2002, Giuseppe Martucciello's research group showed a possible role could be played by microscopic foreign bodies (FB) inadvertently contaminating the operative field during surgery. [3] These data suggested that two different stimuli are necessary [en.wikipedia.org]

  For example, in a study assessing the long-term outcomes of elective laparoscopic adhesiolysis in those with chronic GI symptoms, 70% achieved complete adhesiolysis, and 80% experienced complete resolution of symptoms suggesting that even partial adhesiolysis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dyspareunia

  - Female infertility and dyspareunia. - Rectal bleeding and dyschezia (i.e. painful defecation) during menses, which typically indicate colorectal involvement of endometriosis [8]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Enlargement of the Liver

  The pathogenesis of pain in fatty liver is thought to be related to stretching of Glisson's capsule due to the enlarged liver. The liver function tests can be normal or up to three times normal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Colitis

  Crohns Colitis. 2013 Jul; 7 (6):467–473. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 13. Tingsted B., Isakson J., Anderson R. Long term follow up and cost analysis following surgery for small bowel obstruction caused by intra-abdominal adhesions. Br. J. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The NIH places the annual cost of post-surgical adhesion treatment as high as 1 billion. [upi.com]

The lack of amenability of all adhesions to surgical treatment cannot be overemphasized. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline on the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 92 (1): 218–9. doi : 10.2106/JBJS.I.00642. [en.wikipedia.org]

Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier, abdominal imaging is valuable to rule out other etiologies for a patient's symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Peritoneal adhesions: etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. Recent advances in prevention and management". Digestive Surgery. 18 (4): 260–73. doi : 10.1159/000050149. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Adhesions form as a natural part of the body’s healing process after surgery in a similar way that a scar forms. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology and prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. World J. Gastroenterol. 2011 Nov 7; 17 (41):4545–4553. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 29. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

When abnormal fibrous connections known as adhesions grow, they can bind organs to the abdominal wall following surgery, preventing the organs from sliding around as they should. [upi.com]

"Adhesion prevention: a standard of care". Medical Association Communications. American Society of Reproductive Medicine. February 2002. a b "Adhesion Prevention: A Standard of Care". American Society for Reproductive Medicine. [en.wikipedia.org]

Dextran has been used successfully to prevent thrombosis of small arteries and large veins following trauma to the intima. 4,5 The mechanism by which dextran prevents thrombosis remains obscure. The total plasma volume [jamanetwork.com]

Prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions: a review of the literature. AMJ Surg. 2011 Jan; 201 (1):111–121. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 32. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]