A rationalisation of the 1350 boxes used throughout the book gives a simpler and clearer presentation of the various categories. [books.google.de]

If the characteristic features of nerve agent poisoning are present, however, antidotal treatment should not be delayed until the result is available. [cryptome.org]

[…] identification incident Kluwer Academic Publishers laboratory luminescence luminometry mass destruction materials method military monitoring nerve agents Neurokinin Orahovec organization parameters pathogens peptides personnel potential preparedness present [books.google.com]

Twelve hours after she presented, a breathing tube was inserted and she was placed on a ventilator. [poison.org]

The structures of GA, 2-PAM, DZP and DZPanion are presented in Figure 2. [scielo.br]

• Anorexia

  […] to liquid Following systemic absorption Tightness in chest, with prolonged wheezing expiration suggestive of bronchoconstriction or increased secretion; dyspnoea, slight pain in chest; increased bronchial secretion; cough; pulmonary oedema; cyanosis Anorexia [emro.who.int]

• Bronchorrhea

  Intubation may be necessary in cases of respiratory distress due to laryngospasm, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, or seizures. Immediate aggressive use of atropine may eliminate the need for intubation. [openanesthesia.org]

  Nerve agents cause death via respiratory failure, which in turn is caused by increased airway resistance (bronchorrhea, bronchoconstriction), respiratory muscle paralysis, and most importantly, loss of central respiratory drive. [10] Two chemical properties [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Atropine : If bronchorrhea develops, atropine (2 mg in an adult; 20 microgram/kg in a child) should be administered intravenously every 5–10 minutes until secretions are minimal and the patient is atropinized (dry skin and sinus tachycardia). [cryptome.org]

• Abdominal Cramps

  […] absorption Tightness in chest, with prolonged wheezing expiration suggestive of bronchoconstriction or increased secretion; dyspnoea, slight pain in chest; increased bronchial secretion; cough; pulmonary oedema; cyanosis Anorexia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal [emro.who.int]

  Atropine also blocks other effects of poisoning, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, low heart rate, and sweating. Atropine, however, does not prevent or reverse paralysis. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Hypersalivation

  Atropine sulfate blocks the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine that cause bronchorrhoea, hypersalivation, bronchoconstriction and bradycardia, thereby reducing these effects. [emro.who.int]

• Foaming at the Mouth

  Excessive acetylcholine corroborates what has been reported and seen in the videos taken just after the attack, including uncontrolled salivation that will cause "foaming at the mouth," vomiting, tearing, involuntary defecation and urination, tiny pinpoint [tonic.vice.com]

Workup Approach Considerations Although no laboratory test exists to directly measure nerve agent levels in serum or urine, the acute effects of nerve agents can be estimated by measuring the percent reduction in the activity of red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase [emedicine.medscape.com]

Oxime doses of 25% or 5% of its LD(50) were used for pretreatment 15 min before tabun-poisoning and for treatment 1 min after tabun administration to mice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

AB - Acetylcholinesterase reactivators are crucial antidotes for the treatment of organophosphate intoxication. [risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk]

These are lower-toxicity pesticides used variously for home and garden pest control, veterinary treatments, agricultural pest control, and even treatment of head lice. [poison.org]

Review of oximes available for the treatment of nerve agent poisoning. J Appl Toxicol 1994;14:317-31. Johnson MK, Jacobsen D, Meredith TJ, Eyer P, Heath AJ, Ligtenstein DA, Marrs TC, Szinicz L, Vale JA, Haines JA. [degruyter.com]

Mustards Prognosis Victims with significant respiratory tract burns usually require admission to the hospital’s intensive care unit. [emedicinehealth.com]

Biden: Syrian gov't responsible for "heinous use" of chem. weapons Syrian state news agency: Kerry lying about chemical weapons attack "The reported symptoms of the patients, in addition to the epidemiological pattern of the events -- characterized by [cbsnews.com]

A chart of signs and symptoms is available from the North Carolina Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology. [emedicinehealth.com]

Journal of Epidemiology. 9 (5): 337–43. doi : 10.2188/jea.9.337. PMID 10616267. ^ Millard CB, Kryger G, Ordentlich A, Greenblatt HM, Harel M, Raves ML, Segall Y, Barak D, Shafferman A, Silman I, Sussman JL (June 1999). [en.wikipedia.org]

Darkness prevented them from identifying it as unknown and dangerous. The men were severely injured and had to be evacuated to Copenhagen. In 1997, the Polish vessel F.V. [oceanhealthindex.org]

Abstract A pretreatment for organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterase (e.g., soman) intoxication should prevent lethality and convulsions (CNV) at 2 LD50s and be behavioral-decrement-free when given alone. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Contaminated clothing should be double-bagged after removal to prevent further exposure. It is important that anyone treating a contaminated person should wear appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid exposure. [health.ny.gov]

All the nerve agents cause their toxic effects by preventing the proper operation of the chemical that acts as the body’s “off switch” for glands and muscles. Without an “off switch,” the glands and muscles are constantly being stimulated. [nationalterroralert.com]

Decontamination after the first few minutes of exposure does not prevent further damage later but at least prevents spread of the chemical to other parts of the body and protects emergency care personnel from further contact exposure. [emedicinehealth.com]