Talipes calcaneovalgus is a foot deformity encountered fairly frequently in neonates. Its incidence is around 4 cases per 10,000 newborns [1], but less severe cases may occur as frequently as in 5% of newborns [2]. Girls are affected more frequently than boys, and the condition can appear in one leg or both [3]. Predisposing factors are being a first-born, and breach delivery [1]. Together with irregularities in the digits, vertical talus, clubfoot, and metatarsus adductus, it represents the most prevalent foot problem apparent in the examination of the newborn.

The nomenclature of the foot deformities is somewhat ambiguous. The term clubfoot is used by some as the equivalent of talipes equinovarus (the sensu stricto clubfoot, a condition with plantar flexion and other characteristics). Others describe ”clubfoot” as a group of irregularities that include talipes calcaneovalgus (with dorsal flexion) and metatarsus adductus (with forefoot involvement only), in addition to talipes equinovarus. Congenital talipes calcaneovalgus is categorized as a positional talipes because the deformity is determined by the position of the foot pressed against the wall of the uterus.

Talipes calcaneovalgus is characterized by dorsal flexion of the foot, sometimes to an extreme degree, such that the toes touch the anterior tibia. The foot cannot be plantar-flexed beyond 90 degrees, and often is flexed to less than 90 degrees. In addition, the calcaneus is rotated externally, the feet are everted, the Achilles tendon is stretched, and the muscles of the leg are taut [4]. The ‘up and out’ appearance of talipes calcaneovalgus is the opposite of the ‘down and in’ presentation of talipes equinovarus – i.e. clubfoot in the narrow sense. Hence the name “reverse clubfoot” occasionally emerges for talipes calcaneovalgus [5]. Talipes calcaneovalgus must be differentiated from congenital vertical talus [6].

• Collapse

  As a form of flatfoot, it has the distinct characteristic of the condition: a partial or total collapse of the foot arch. [kimfoottwo.junglecoders.com]

  […] since, with the common ("classic") type of clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), the foot is turned in sharply and the person seems to be walking on their ankle.As a form of flatfoot, it has the distinct characteristic of the condition: a partial or total collapse [frenilal.ru]

• Fever

  There are two new chapters on examination in specific situations: The frail elderly The adult with fever A new section explicitly spells out how to demonstrate the techniques learned in the book in an OSCE and other formative and summative examinations [books.google.de]

• Arachnodactyly

  Blindness in the left eye (probably ocular features of MFS), long arms and legs, arachnodactyly (Figure 1), kyphoscoliosis, pectus excavatum (Figure 2), and severe pes planus (talipes calcaneovalgus) ( Figure 3 ) were found to be present in the physical [researchgate.net]

• Foot Deformity

  […] a positional or structural foot deformity depending on severity and/or causality. [amp.pharm.mssm.edu]

  Yes 1 Exempt from POA reporting No The ICD code Q66 is used to code Foot deformity A foot deformity is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired. [icd.codes]

  3 Treatment of foot deformities? Need foot specialist: In general, treatment is either via splinting/ bracing, or surgical correction & repair. [healthtap.com]

  Research of Congenital Talipes Calcaneovalgus has been linked to Congenital Clubfoot, Congenital Abnormality, Foot Deformities, Hip Dislocation, Congenital, Congenital Foot Deformity. [novusbio.com]

• Coxa Vara

  vara Q65.89 Other specified congenital deformities of hip Q65.9 Congenital deformity of hip, unspecified Q66 Congenital deformities of feet Q66.0 Congenital talipes equinovarus Q66.1 Congenital talipes calcaneovarus Q66.2 Congenital metatarsus (primus [icd10data.com]

• Brachydactyly

  MedGen UID: 354669 • Concept ID: C1862139 • Congenital Abnormality A type of brachydactyly characterized by brachymesophalangy affecting mainly the 2nd and 5th digits. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Long Arm

  Blindness in the left eye (probably ocular features of MFS), long arms and legs, arachnodactyly (Figure 1), kyphoscoliosis, pectus excavatum (Figure 2), and severe pes planus (talipes calcaneovalgus) ( Figure 3 ) were found to be present in the physical [researchgate.net]

• Agitation

  […] can be useful Avoid tight baby gro's or leggings so that there is plenty of room for your baby to stretch their legs and feet Avoid wearing baby shoes and tight socks Stretches To be performed at every nappy change/ feed Do not stretch if your baby is agitated [gpnotebook.co.uk]

• Tremor

  The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Bradykinesia

  The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Postural Instability

  The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Encephalopathy

  The course is fairly stable during early childhood and resembles static encephalopathy but is followed by neurologic deterioration between ages seven and 12 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Foot deformities are discovered in the newborn by careful examination of both feet. Even the skin can reveal unusual tightness in cases of abnormality, but an important part of the examination is testing for the movements of the joints. In talipes calcaneovalgus, the plantarflexion is markedly limited; however, the dorsiflexion can, to some extent, be rectified by gently stretching the foot. In contrast, congenital vertical talus, which can be misdiagnosed for talipes calcaneovalgus, and which is characterized by a rigid bone dislocation, is not correctable.

Radiographs are used to verify the diagnosis and for differentiating talipes calcaneovalgus from congenital vertical talus. On lateral radiographs, the first metatarsal aligns with the talus bone in case of a talipes calcaneovalgus foot, whereas the axis of the talus is plantar to that of the first metatarsal in the congenital vertical talus condition.

3 Treatment of foot deformities? Need foot specialist: In general, treatment is either via splinting/ bracing, or surgical correction & repair. [healthtap.com]

TNJ and the heel is placed in ______ equinus, varus when do we use tarso-suspensory shoes or UCBL heel stabilzers for treatment after manipulative casting has been done memorize Pages linking here (main versions and versions by same user) [memorize.com]

Increase up to 1 minute if your baby remains relaxed Repeat 5 times Reference: Hart D: Variability in the Physiotherapy Treatment of Talipes Equinovarus, APCP Journal, June 2006 Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. [gpnotebook.co.uk]

diagnosis and treatment of the wide variety of disorders and injuries from which these tissues may suffer. [books.google.de]

Prognosis Excellent overall prognosis Improves spontaneously and rapidly Partial correction results in a Flexible Flatfoot Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing) Ontology: Calcaneovalgus deformities (C1866492) Concepts Anatomical Abnormality [fpnotebook.com]

PMID: 3818770 Prognosis Faraj AA J Foot Ankle Surg 1995 May-Jun;34(3):319-21. doi: 10.1016/S1067-2516(09)80067-7. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Overall prognosis will often depend on other associated condition. Isolated condition may be treated successfully 8. Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis The prognosis for successfully treating clubfoot is good at this time. Persons with clubfoot that is corrected by surgery may notice some increased stiffness in their affected feet as they age. [healthofchildren.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Etiology Results of positional confinement in utero IV. [fpnotebook.com]

Talipes Calcaneovalgus looks like Foot hyperDF Heel everted FF abducted Ankle is in calcaneus: talus is max DF, heel is down and FF isn't Dysplastic hips: triad of ft DF, knee hyperextesion, hip hyperflexion talonavicular subluxation etiology of Talipes [quizlet.com]

Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 2 MedGen UID: 462022 • Concept ID: C3150672 • Disease or Syndrome Etiology Yoshioka M, Morisada N, Toyoshima D, Yoshimura H, Nishio H, Iijima K, Takeshima Y, Uehara T, Kosaki K Brain Dev 2018 Apr;40(4 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Most common neonatal foot deformity More common in females III. Etiology Results of positional confinement in utero IV. [fpnotebook.com]

Epidemiological study of congenital talipes calcaneovalgus. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1986;19:59–62. PubMed Google Scholar Pappas AM. Congenital posteromedial bowing of the tibia and fibula. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984;4:525–31. [link.springer.com]

CORR Prenatal polio-like condition; epidemiological evidence,seasonal variation. Parker SE, Mai CT, Strickland MJ, Olney RS, Rickard R, Marengo L, et al. Multistate study of the epidemiology of clubfoot. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2015;29:3. Zionts LE. What's new in idiopathic clubfoot? Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. 2015;35:547. Morgenstein A, et al. [mayoclinic.org]

About this book Introduction This volume describes the state-of-knowledge in the study of the relationships between mechanical loading states in tissues and common pathophysiologies related to increase in mass of adipose tissues and/or hyperglycemia which [link.springer.com]

Pathophysiology Various theories of the pathogenesis of clubfeet have been advanced, including the following: Arrest of fetal development in the fibular stage Defective cartilaginous anlage of the talus Neurogenic factors Retracting fibrosis Anomalous [emedicine.medscape.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Intersex [coding-pro.com]

Some birth defects can be prevented. Taking folic acid can help prevent some birth defects. Talk to your doctor about any medicines you take. Some medicines can cause serious birth defects. [icdlist.com]

How to Prevent a Pediatric Flatfoot/Talipes Calcaneovalgus? The best prevention is to have the feet of a child showing the characteristics and symptoms of the condition examined before he/she is three years old. [kimfoottwo.junglecoders.com]

1. Nunes D, Dutra MG. Epidemiological study of congenital talipes calcaneovalgus. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1986;19(1):59-62.
2. Gore AI, Spencer JP. The Newborn Foot. Am Fam Physician. 2004;15;69(4):865-887.
3. Connors JF, Wernick E, Lowy LJ, Falcone J, Volpe RG. Guidelines for evaluation and management of five common podopediatric conditions. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1998;88:206–222.
4. Trott AW. Children's foot problems. Orthop Clin North Am. 1982;13:641–654.
5. Edwards ER, Menelaus MB. Reverse club foot. Rigid and recalcitrant talipes calcaneovalgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69(2):330-334.
6. Harris EJ, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline Pediatric Flatfoot Panel. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Flatfoot. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery. 2004;43(6):341-370.