They do not present signs or symptoms pediatricians or neurologists would find atypical. These children create an inconsistency with previous held beliefs that 70-80% of autistic children are mentally retarded. [alasbimnjournal.net]

Presentation A stroke tends to produce a rapid onset of symptoms whilst a space-occupying lesion will produce a more insidious onset. [patient.info]

Results Figure 1 presents performance on the future and past event narratives. [jneurosci.org]

Subjects were required to move the joystick corresponding to the correct location of the current (0-back) or previously presented stimulus (1-back=previous presentation; 2-back=previous presentation but one; chance performance=25%). [jnnp.bmj.com]

Caplan et al believe that depression in children and adolescents with epilepsy tends to have a different presentation from that seen in adults with epilepsy, although some adolescents with depression may present with a syndrome similar to that seen in [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Developmental Disorder

  These children begin to display various abnormal behaviors in the preschool years often including: A need to preserve sameness Marked language abnormalities Indexes of developmental disorder - strange body movements, posturing and "soft" signs of neurological [alasbimnjournal.net]

  Head circumference in autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996 ; 97 : 665 –671 ↵ Fidler DJ, Bailey J, Smalley SL. Macrocephaly in autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. [ajnr.org]

  Gross and histological criteria for developmental disorders in brains of schizophrenics. J R Soc Med 1989 ;82: 466 –9. 7. Jeste DV, Lohr JB.. Hippocampal pathologic findings in schizophrenia: a morphometric study. [nejm.org]

• Surgical Procedure

  Temporal lobectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the anterior and medial parts of the temporal lobe. It relives the intensity of seizures in up to 75 percent of patients but requires removing 30g or more of cerebral tissue. [livestrong.com]

• Sweating

  […] such as picking at clothing) Other sensory symptoms may include the following sensations that start in one area and spread: Numbness Tingling A feeling that the flesh is crawling Autonomic symptoms may include the following: Abdominal pain or nausea Sweating [webmd.com]

  Temporal lobe seizures are often accompanied by strange sensations, sweating, flushing, vertigo, epigastric sensations, taste, and hearing of sounds or melodies, nausea, hallucinations or feelings of déjà vu. [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

  Autonomic phenomena Autonomic phenomena are characterized by changes in heart rate, piloerection, and sweating. Patients may experience an epigastric "rising" sensation or nausea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Anger

  Type 6: Ring of Fire ADD Symptoms: anger outbursts, oppositional, inflexibility, fast thoughts, excessive talking, and very sensitive to sounds and lights. [adhd-health.com]

  […] uncertain origin Dark thoughts (may involve suicidal or homicidal thoughts) Possible learning disabilities May or may not be hyperactive ADD Quick Facts People with Temporal Lobe ADD have memory challenges and behavioral problems, such as sudden bursts of anger [amenclinics.com]

  They can also be characterised by irritating senses of smell or taste, autonomic symptoms (flushing, sweating, changes of heart rate), emotional changes (rising fear or anxiety, anger, depression, euphoria) or memory symptoms (déjà vu or jamais vu – a [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

  They reported that children with depression often do not appear sad and that the depression may be manifested by the following [71] : Irritability Oppositionality Aggression Anger For this reason, special instruments are used to assess depression in children [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Auditory Hallucination

  Psychosis with paranoid features like visual or auditory hallucinations can occur, as well as depression. Seizures may occur randomly, at intervals or in clusters. [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

  Acharya et al found that olfactory auras are more commonly associated with temporal lobe tumors than with other causes of temporal lobe epilepsy. [3] Auditory hallucinations consist of a buzzing sound, a voice or voices, or muffling of ambient sounds. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1990 ;147: 1457 –62. 11. DeLisi LE, Dauphinais ID, Gershon ES.. [nejm.org]

  I would often have auditory hallucinations, usually music or distorted, muffled sounds, like the sound of people talking underwater. Perception of passing time was also distorted. [assap.ac.uk]

• Anhedonia

  The most frequent symptoms include feelings of anhedonia, guilt, and suicidal ideation. [74] Postictal symptoms of depression Postictal symptoms of depression have been recognized for a long time, but they have been poorly studied in a systematic manner [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Clinical Measures The patients were evaluated for both behavioral excesses, such as hallucinations, delusions, and formal thought disorder (positive symptoms), and behavioral deficits, such as anhedonia, alogia, and flat affect (negative symptoms). [nejm.org]

• Olfactory Hallucination

  I similarly studied olfactory hallucinations but a specific type of temporal lobe epilepsy olfactory hallucination could not be demonstrated although there were suggestive features. [pni.org]

• Aggressive Behavior

  Preictal symptoms of depression are believed to present as symptoms of irritability, poor frustration tolerance, motor hyperactivity, and aggressive behavior in children with epilepsy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Confusion

  […] from pure anxiety and/or pure depression, plus at least four of the following: Short fuse or periods of extreme irritability Periods of rage with little provocation Often misinterpreting comments as negative when they are not Periods of spaciness or confusion [sharecare.com]

  Patients usually experience a postictal period of confusion, which distinguishes temporal lobe epilepsy from absence seizures, which are not associated with postictal confusion. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Temporal lobe epileptic deja vu (has associated ictal or postictal features {headache, sleepiness ,confusion} linked to the experience in clear or altered consciousness ) Any CPTLSs which appear to improve after administration of an anticonvulsant agent [pni.org]

  A period of confusion frequently follows seizures and can last several minutes. [webmd.com]

  They might know the correct word but be unable to say it; they may confuse similar sounds and words or put letters in the wrong order. [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

• Amnesia

  In contrast to prior amnesia studies, the patients in the Squire et al. (2010) study did not demonstrate pervasive autobiographical memory loss, suggesting that the extent of future-thinking and memory impairments in amnesia may be related. [jneurosci.org]

  The difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia is that retrograde amnesia is loss of memory from before an event. [patient.info]

  By definition, amnesia occurs during a complex partial seizure because of bilateral hemispheric involvement. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Disintegrative PTLSs (DPTLSs) Symptoms Requiring Treatment: Paroxysmal (Recurrent) Episodes of: Epileptic amnesia; Lapses in consciousness; Conscious "confusion" ("clear" consciousness but abnormal orientation, attention and behavior); Epileptic automatisms [pni.org]

  Damage to these networks can cause the following: Agnosia (loss of the ability to identify objects using one or more of the senses) Amnesia (total or partial loss of the ability to recall experiences or events) Aphasia (partial or complete loss of the [msdmanuals.com]

• Irritability

  Common symptoms of temporal lobe anxiety/depression include four symptoms from pure anxiety and/or pure depression, plus at least four of the following: Short fuse or periods of extreme irritability Periods of rage with little provocation Often misinterpreting [sharecare.com]

  Extress, for impulsivity, irritability and restlessness. Behavior programs for oppositional behavior. There are different strategies for the two age groups: in 2 to 12 year olds or oppositional behavior in teens. [adhd-health.com]

  Preictal symptoms of depression are believed to present as symptoms of irritability, poor frustration tolerance, motor hyperactivity, and aggressive behavior in children with epilepsy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  This will help to reduce irritability and increase a sense of control over the situation. Behavioral Programs: Behavioral programs are available for children suffering from Temporal Lobe ADD. [amenclinics.com]

  They can also be characterised by irritating senses of smell or taste, autonomic symptoms (flushing, sweating, changes of heart rate), emotional changes (rising fear or anxiety, anger, depression, euphoria) or memory symptoms (déjà vu or jamais vu – a [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

• Convulsions

  A focal (partial) seizure may evolve into a secondarily generalised tonic clonic (convulsive) seizure. After focal and secondarily generalised seizures, confusion, headache and sleepiness may be observed, lasting several minutes to hours. [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

  When a convulsion follows a simple or complex partial seizure it is known as secondary generalisation. [assap.ac.uk]

  […] seizure occurs, you may experience: trouble speaking confusion being unaware a seizure occurred intense fatigue Rarely, people who experience a temporal lobe seizure will go on to experience a generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure, which causes convulsions [healthline.com]

  Antidepressants may manifest convulsant and anticonvulsant effects. Maprotiline and amoxapine have the greatest seizure risk; doxepin, trazodone, and fluvoxamine appear to have the lowest risk. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Automatic Behavior

  Often seizures are stereotyped lasting up to several minutes with decreased responsiveness and automatisms, or automatic behavior can occur. [epilepsyqueensland.com.au]

  Changes in automatic behaviors, such as hunger, thirst, appetite, and sexual desire. Some people with frontal lobe disorders develop addictions, inappropriate sexual behavior, poor impulse control, and aggression. [spinalcord.com]

Natural Treatment: This is a serious disorder and trying medication is justified with this type. [adhd-health.com]

Treatment The treatment of mood disorders in patients with epilepsy includes reevaluation of the anticonvulsant regimen, cautious but aggressive use of antidepressants, and psychotherapy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Get a Customized Solution: Like many other mental health conditions, ADD is not just a single and simple disorder ; therefore, treatment is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Each of the seven types of ADD requires a different treatment plan. [amenclinics.com]

It is important to understand and recognize the features of medial temporal lobe epilepsy and how responsive treatments such as surgery and medications can be. [epilepsy.com]

Quality treatment, including occupational and speech therapy, as well as overall health, diet, lifestyle, and age also affect prognosis. Ultimately, though, there is no way to predict the prognosis of a temporal lobe injury with absolute certainty. [spinalcord.com]

Prognosis The prognosis will depend on the underlying cause and comorbidities. [patient.info]

Long-term prognosis for epilepsy » [healthline.com]

The overall prognosis for people with drug resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy includes a higher risk for memory and mood difficulties. [epilepsy.com]

A careful search was conducted for etiologic factors, and correlation of psychological patterns with electroencephalographic findings was carried out. In addition neurologic deficit, psychometric findings and social adjustment were studied. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

The remarkable similarity of this phenomenology to what has been described as atypical or episodic psychosis provides a possible theoretical link to the etiology of atypical psychosis. [journals.lww.com]

[…] medical dysfunction - open to potential medical therapy Generally "normal" early (usually until 15 - 18 months of age) Potentially progressive disorder (if not treated / corrected) which may explain the origin of many cases of Landau-Kleffner syndrome Etiology [alasbimnjournal.net]

Five of the patients had an etiology of anoxia, and the remaining three patients had an etiology of herpes encephalitis. [jneurosci.org]

Frequency of depression in epilepsy In patients with epilepsy, the reported rates of depression range from 8-48% (mean 29%, median 32%); the prevalence of depression in the general population ranges in different epidemiologic studies from 6-17%. [67] [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] common interictal psychopathologies, 3 leading to a decreased quality of life 4 and an increased risk of suicide. 2, 5 Historically, affective disorders in epilepsy have been conceptualised as a complication of the underlying seizure disorder. 6 Recent epidemiological [jnnp.bmj.com]

Within the larger context of the limbic-striato-pallidio-thalamic circuits implicated in the pathophysiology of primary depression, the functional implications of cortical-limbic circuits involving the medial prefrontal network merit comment in light [jnnp.bmj.com]

Therefore, parallel changes of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA may be operant in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and epilepsy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Event-related potentials in schizophrenia: their biological and clinical correlates and a new model of schizophrenic pathophysiology. Schizophr Res 1991 ;4: 209 –31. 18. Shenton ME, Faux SF, McCarley RW, et al.. [nejm.org]

Etiology and pathophysiology of autistic behavior: clues from two cases with an unusual variant of neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Child Neurol 2001 ; 16 : 809 –819 ↵ DeMeyer W. Microcephaly, micrencephaly, megalocephaly, and megalencephaly. [ajnr.org]

A possible or certain diagnosis of a CVE requires investigation, as outlined in the separate Stroke Prevention article. Referral to a neuropsychologist may still be useful to elucidate the precise nature of the problem and for help with management. [patient.info]

Prevent injury by moving nearby objects out of the way. 3. Pay attention to the length of the seizure. 4. Make the person as comfortable as possible. 5. Keep onlookers away. 6. Do NOT hold the person down. 7. [assap.ac.uk]