Symptoma

Testicular Microlithiasis

Some reports suggest that it may present in up to 5.6% of the general population between 17 and 35 years of age 3. [radiopaedia.org]

Presentation This 26 YO male presented for a scrotal ultrasound as an outpatient with no specific medical history on the referral. [sonoworld.com]

TM usually presents bilaterally but may also present unilaterally. [journals.sagepub.com]

More than 20 microcalcifications were present on the cross section of both testicles. Standard laboratory blood tests were normal. Prostate-specific antigen was 1.22 ng/ml. [content.sciendo.com]

We report the cases of a 33- and a 39-year-old man presenting with a retroperitoneal extragonadal tumor. [karger.com]

  • Down Syndrome

    Associations testicular germ cell tumor Klinefelter syndrome cryptorchidism testicular infarct testicular granulomatous disease infertility Down syndrome alveolar microlithiasis Testicular microlithiasis per se is asymptomatic and is usually found incidentally [radiopaedia.org]

    syndrome and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis [3]. [ijri.org]

    With the exception of Down syndrome, all of these conditions were also seen in our population. The most common of these conditions in patients with TM in our series was cryptorchidism. [pubs.rsna.org]

    2015 ) and 36.0% in men with Down's syndrome (Cebeci et al ., 2015 ). [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

    This is a condition of unknown etiology; however, in many cases it may be associated with cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome, varicocele, testicular torsion and male pseudohermaphroditism. [content.sciendo.com]

  • Swelling

    Most studies of testicular microlithiasis involve men who had testicular ultrasounds done for some other reason, such as swelling, pain or infertility. [mayoclinic.org]

    […] unknown, they may result from congenital anomalies related to hormonal dysfunction during embryogenesis or from epididymal duct obstruction. 25-29 On examination, epididymal cysts can be solitary or multiple and present as fluctuant, firm testicular swellings [consultant360.com]

    2009 ) compared to symptomatic (e.g. pain, lump or swelling) men (8.7–18.1%) (Bach et al ., 2001 ; Middleton et al ., 2002 ; Deganello et al ., 2012 ). [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

    In patients without infertility, the indications for US were scrotal signs and symptoms such as palpable mass, pain, and swelling. All pathologic entities of patients who had undergone US were recorded. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Inflammation

    […] vs. never inflammation 38 19.3 227 16.9 1.20 0.82 1.77 Trauma vs. never trauma 17 8.6 72 5.4 1.58 0.90 2.75 Torsion vs. never torsion 10 5.1 41 3.1 1.58 0.78 3.24 Monthly vs. yearly use of painkillers 78 39.6 452 33.7 1.33 0.95 1.86 Use vs. no use of [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

    MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients in this study included 468 men who were referred to our institution between July 2002 and May 2005 for any type of symptoms from the testicles (feeling of weight, pain, painful or painless inflammation, etc). [scielo.br]

  • Precocious Puberty

    The child with Leydig cell tumor presented with precocious puberty. The other three patients presented with a scrotal mass. [pubs.rsna.org]

  • Jaundice

    Case 2 A 33-year-old man came to our emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss and mild jaundice. Ultrasound examination detected a large, ill-defined heterogeneous abdominal mass. [karger.com]

Thus, the management for incidentally discovered TM is still in debate, ranging from no follow-up to complete workups. [jim.bmj.com]

Reviews and studies published in multiple disciplines such as radiology, 17, 18 urology, 2, 13, 19 and pediatric surgery 18 suggest yearly ultrasound monitoring in addition to workup for testicular malignancy indicated by risk factors and symptomology [journals.sagepub.com]

TM has been reported to be associated with carcinoma in situ (CIS) and the development of second testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) after contralateral orchiectomy treatment for primary TGCT; however, no prospective studies have investigated the relationship [ascopubs.org]

Treatment and prognosis Testicular microlithiasis is in itself asymptomatic and benign. A relationship with testicular tumors, in particular germ cell tumors (GCT) is controversial. [radiopaedia.org]

You can help by adding to it. ( February 2019 ) Testicular ultrasound Management [ edit ] There is no cure or treatment for testicular microlithiasis, however, patients may be monitored via ultrasound to make sure that other conditions do not develop. [en.wikipedia.org]

Surgical treatment is reserved for patients with large or symptomatic epididymal cysts. 25,28-30 CONCLUSION A genitourinary examination should be part of every well child or adolescent visit, even in patients without complaints. [consultant360.com]

Treatment and prognosis Testicular microlithiasis is in itself asymptomatic and benign. A relationship with testicular tumors, in particular germ cell tumors (GCT) is controversial. [radiopaedia.org]

These are useful serum markers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of patients with germ cell tumors [ 5 ]. The majority of the EGCTs occur in men, except benign mature teratoma, which occurs with equal frequency in men and women. [karger.com]

Journals El Residente Year 2017, Issue 1 García-Yánez AR, Arboleda MS Epididymal cyst as abdominal pain etiology and ultrasound diagnostic of testicular microlithiasis. [medigraphic.com]

Familial testicular germ cell tumors (FTGCT) — Overview of a multidisciplinary etiologic study. Andrology. 2015;3:47. Pedersen MR, et al. Testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer: Review of the literature. [mayoclinic.org]

Indian J Urol 2007;23:234-9 Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an entity of unknown etiology that results in formation of intratubular calcifications. It is often detected incidentally when scrotal ultrasonogram is done for various indications. [indianjurol.com]

The etiology of our patient’s enlarged scrotum was unclear but was unlikely related to the epididymal cysts or testicular microlithiasis. [consultant360.com]

This is a condition of unknown etiology; however, in many cases it may be associated with cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome, varicocele, testicular torsion and male pseudohermaphroditism. [content.sciendo.com]

Epidemiology of and risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors. . Accessed Aug. 4, 2016. Greene MH, et al. Familial testicular germ cell tumors (FTGCT) — Overview of a multidisciplinary etiologic study. Andrology. 2015;3:47. Pedersen MR, et al. [mayoclinic.org]

Google Scholar 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Incidence Public-Use Database, 1973–1997. Washington. D.C. : United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute August 1999. [auajournals.org]

Genetics Team, Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK J Coffey, D Dudakia, J L Pugh, M R Stratton & E A Rapley Academic Radiotherapy Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK R A Huddart Section of Epidemiology [nature.com]

Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA. (2000) 283:2008–12. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar 31. [frontiersin.org]

Screening for testicular cancer: an evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2010 ;153: 396 - 399. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-153-6-201009210-00007. Google Scholar Crossref Medline ISI 21. [journals.sagepub.com]

Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153:396–399 [Google Scholar] 38. Ilic D, Misso ML. Screening for testicular cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (2):CD007853 [Google Scholar] 40. Winter TC. Ultrasonography of the scrotum. [ajronline.org]

Performing Preventive Services: A Bright Futures Handbook. 1st ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2010. 31. Jaganathan K, Ahmed S, Henderson A, Rane A. Current management strategies for testicular microlithiasis. [consultant360.com]

The vaccines would prevent Lyme disease and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, the two most common tick-borne infections in the United States. [radiology.vcu.edu]

Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2010 ;153(6):396–399. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar Received February 14, 2013; revision requested March 27; revision received July 22; accepted August 6; final version accepted August 14. [pubs.rsna.org]