Thus, we report a rare presentation of thelaziasis, that is, periocular involvement. This case presentation is first of its kind in the Indian literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 24-year-old woman presents eythematous swelling at her left upper eyelid. Light microscopy of Thelazia callipaeda detected in the patient. [synapse.koreamed.org]

Seven days after presentation, we performed cataract surgery on his left eye. After topical anaesthesia, the ocular surface was irrigated with 5% povidone-iodine solution for 30 s. [casereports.bmj.com]

• Inflammation

  Treatment with ivermectin is recommended for cases of thelaziasis, but in the absence of preoperative and postoperative symptoms of inflammation due to infestation, pharmacological treatment was not commenced in this case. [doi.org]

  Adults in the eye cause varying degrees of inflammation and lacrimmation accompanied by a foreign body sensation.. In heavier infections, photophobia, epiphora, edema, corneal ulceration, and conjunctivitis may occur. [cdc.gov]

  Damage to live worm in vitreous may liberate internal contents of worm, which can result in serious inflammation. We describe a technique using minimum posterior hyaloidotomy with passive aspiration of live worm for safely removing it as a whole. [nature.com]

• Fever

  Reemergence of Classical Swine Fever, Japan, 2018 [PDF - 791 KB - 4 pages] A. Postel et al. In September 2018, classical swine fever reemerged in Japan after 26 years, affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. [cdc.gov]

• Veterinarian

  Irwin, It shouldn’t happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases, Trends in Parasitology, 10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.001, 30, 2, (104-112), (2014). [doi.org]

• Lacrimation

  In humans, the worm is usually found in the conjunctival sac, lacrimal canaliculi, or the lacrimal sac leading to a disease which can be subclinical or symptomatic. Thus, we report a rare presentation of thelaziasis, that is, periocular involvement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Its presence in the conjunctival sac causes lacrimation and irritation. [casereports.bmj.com]

  The intermediate host is Amiota variegata, a fly of the Drosophila family. 4 It is known to infect the lacrimal sac, from where it passes into the conjunctival sac. [doi.org]

• Foreign Body Sensation

  An 80-year-old male reported to the clinic with complaints of diminished vision, foreign body sensation, and occasionally some black object moving in front of the right eye. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  body sensation, watering, and occasionally some black shadow moving in front of the right eye (oculus dexter [OD]) for last few weeks. [journals.lww.com]

  Case summary A 71-year-old male visited the ophthalmic clinic, complaining of itching, a foreign body sensation, and irritation in the right eye. He was previously diagnosed with Thelazia callipaeda infection, 3 months prior, at another hospital. [synapse.koreamed.org]

  Adults in the eye cause varying degrees of inflammation and lacrimmation accompanied by a foreign body sensation.. In heavier infections, photophobia, epiphora, edema, corneal ulceration, and conjunctivitis may occur. [cdc.gov]

• Photophobia

  The cat developed no eye discharge, lacrimation, photophobia, conjunctivitis nor corneitis. All the worms were female and morphologically identified as Thelazia callipaeda. ―Key words : feline, Thelazia callipaeda, zoonoses. -------------------- J. [nichiju.lin.gr.jp]

  In heavier infections, photophobia, epiphora, edema, corneal ulceration, and conjunctivitis may occur. [cdc.gov]

• Ulcer

  T. callipaeda may cause from mild clinical signs (e.g., lachrymation, conjunctivitis, and keratitis) to corneal ulcers and even blindness, depending on the parasite burden and individual susceptibility. [cell.com]

  In heavier infections, photophobia, epiphora, edema, corneal ulceration, and conjunctivitis may occur. [cdc.gov]

  […] infection is endemic in poor communities in Asia, particularly in China ( 3 ), where it is frequently reported as being responsible for human thelaziasis with mild to severe symptoms (including lacrimation, epiphora, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulcers [doi.org]

• Fracture

  Orbital subperiosteal abscess and blindness complicating a minimally displaced zygomatic complex fracture. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;33:185–188. 14. Choudhury AR. Thelaziasis. Am J Ophthalmol 1969;67:773–774. 15. [synapse.koreamed.org]

• Suggestibility

  It had caused little inflammatory response, and appeared to thrive in the conditions provided by the vitreous cavity, suggesting the possibility of immune privilege. We cannot explain how this worm entered the eye. [doi.org]

  Finer scale UK mapping suggested that P. variegata presence was limited mostly to southern England, but highlighted regions where P. variegata has not been documented previously. [pubag.nal.usda.gov]

  The history suggested that the infection had been acquired in South-Western France and Southern Italy where the disease has been observed regularly for the last 6 and 12 years, respectively. [orbi.uliege.be]

  The ecological niche model suggests with a high degree of confidence that large areas of Europe are likely to represent suitable habitat for this species, mostly concentrated in central Europe. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Neglect

  We present here detailed clinical and morphological information pertaining to T. callipaeda infection, which is considered to be a probably neglected parasitic disease of the eye. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Human thelaziosis—a neglected parasitic disease of the eye. [canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca]

  Population structure analysis of the neglected parasite Thelazia callipaeda revealed high genetic diversity in Eastern Asia isolates. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 12, Issue. 1, p. e0006165. [doi.org]

• Irritability

  Its presence in the conjunctival sac causes lacrimation and irritation. [casereports.bmj.com]

  […] causative organism in thelaziasis, a well described condition affecting the external eye. 1 It is primarily a parasite of the conjunctiva in dogs, and is also found in rabbits and humans. 2 Its presence in the conjunctival sac causes lacrimation and irritation [doi.org]

  Case summary A 71-year-old male visited the ophthalmic clinic, complaining of itching, a foreign body sensation, and irritation in the right eye. He was previously diagnosed with Thelazia callipaeda infection, 3 months prior, at another hospital. [synapse.koreamed.org]

The dogs were clinically examined for the presence of eyeworms before and again 7 days after treatment. Dogs still positive were given a second treatment and re-checked again a week later. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment with ivermectin is recommended for cases of thelaziasis, but in the absence of preoperative and postoperative symptoms of inflammation due to infestation, pharmacological treatment was not commenced in this case. [doi.org]

Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose several challenges to diagnosis, treatment, and public health surveillance, primarily because pathogen identification is a difficult and time-consuming process due to the “novel” nature of the agent. [books.google.es]

The seasonality of human thelaziasis may impair correct etiologic diagnosis of this disease because spring and summer are the seasons in which allergic conjunctivitis (e.g., by pollens) occurs most frequently. [doi.org]

Until now, the etiological agent of all human thelaziasis reported in China was identified as T. callipaeda, but few cases reported detailed morphological characteristics. [frontiersin.org]

CONCLUSIONS: The Asian population of T. callipaeda has a high level of genetic diversity, but further studies should be performed to explore the biology, ecology and epidemiology of T. callipaeda. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Descriptive epidemiology 2. Clinical features 3. Distribution map 4. Images 5. Global status and status in every relevant country 6. [books.google.es]

Epidemiology Department Institute for Public Health Brod-Posavina County Slavonski Brod Croatia 5. Faculty of Medicine University of Osijek Osijek Croatia [link.springer.com]

Thirty dogs were treated with milbemycin oxime monthly from June to November with the recommended dose rate for the prevention of heartworm disease (> or =0.5mg/kg), 30 dogs served as untreated controls. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To prevent infection, the fly vector should be avoided in areas in which the parasite is endemic. The patient has not reported any recurrence since the removal of the parasites. [nejm.org]

Key words: Thelazia callipaeda / eyeworm / prevention / dog / milbemycin oxime / Europe © W. [doi.org]

Cited by Efficacy of a formulation of sarolaner/moxidectin/pyrantel (Simparica Trio®) for the prevention of Thelazia callipaeda canine eyeworm infection. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]