In the present multicenter open trial, we investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of combined antihypertensive therapy with an ACE inhibitor, lisinopril, and a thiazide diuretic, trichlormethiazide. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Introduction: Hyponatremia (defined as a serum sodium level Case report: A 76-year-old woman presented at emergency unit with complaints: physical weakness, nausea, vomiting, extreme fatigue and abdominal pain. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

• Fatigue

  Gitelman's syndrome is characterized by hypocalciuria, severe hypomagnesemia, and prominent muscular involvements such as fatigue, weakness, cramps, and tetany. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Nov. 26 issue). 1 Although thiazide-induced hyponatremia is not as well characterized as thiazide-induced hypokalemia, it probably occurs as frequently. 2 The clinical outcomes of hyponatremia secondary to the use of thiazide diuretics vary from mild fatigue [nejm.org]

  Introduction: Hyponatremia (defined as a serum sodium level Case report: A 76-year-old woman presented at emergency unit with complaints: physical weakness, nausea, vomiting, extreme fatigue and abdominal pain. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

  Severe hyperkalemia may present as muscle weakness, fatigue and slow heart rate ( bradycardia ). It is important to monitor potassium blood levels and to have an electrocardiogram performed. [rxlist.com]

  Other toxicities Weakness –due to K+ loss Paresthesias Fatigue Impotence Which are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like properties K+ has a narrow normal range (3.5-5.5 mg/dl), which should be kept in mind when using diuretics. [howmed.net]

• Renal Artery Stenosis

  The utility of duplex ultrasound scanning of the renal arteries for diagnosing significant renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Jun 1. 122(11):833-8. [Medline]. US Food and Drug Administration. Information on gadolinium-based contrast agents. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Nausea

  […] issue). 1 Although thiazide-induced hyponatremia is not as well characterized as thiazide-induced hypokalemia, it probably occurs as frequently. 2 The clinical outcomes of hyponatremia secondary to the use of thiazide diuretics vary from mild fatigue or nausea [nejm.org]

  Introduction: Hyponatremia (defined as a serum sodium level Case report: A 76-year-old woman presented at emergency unit with complaints: physical weakness, nausea, vomiting, extreme fatigue and abdominal pain. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  Introduction: Hyponatremia (defined as a serum sodium level Case report: A 76-year-old woman presented at emergency unit with complaints: physical weakness, nausea, vomiting, extreme fatigue and abdominal pain. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

• Orthostatic Hypotension

  No patient had symptoms of orthostatic hypotension or cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, thiazide therapy effectively and safely lowers the BP in most patients with systolic hypertension by reducing systemic vascular resistance. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Side effects of thiazide diuretics include hypokalemia, hypovolemia (e.g., orthostatic hypotension), gout flares, a small but measurable increased susceptibility to the development of diabetes mellitus, and rarely causing an allergic reaction to individuals [renalfellow.blogspot.com]

  Hypovolemia It can lead to orthostatic hypotension or a feeling of light-headedness. Hypercalcemia It results because of the action of thiazide diuretics to inhibit calcium secretion. [lecturio.com]

  Since the combination of tadalafil and an antihypertensive agent could potentially cause a lowering of blood pressure, terms indicating possible hypotension were compared: dizziness postural, syncope vasovagal, syncope, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension [nature.com]

  Luo F, Wang Y, Wang X, Sun K, Zhou X, Hui R (2009) A functional variant of NEDD4L is associated with hypertension, antihypertensive response, and orthostatic hypotension. Hypertension 54(4):796–801 CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 38. [link.springer.com]

• Vascular Disease

  Am J Cardiol 95 : 29 –35, 2005 ↵ Saydah SH, Fradkin J, Cowie CC: Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA 291 : 335 –342, 2004 View Abstract [care.diabetesjournals.org]

• Skin Rash

  rash gout diarrhea Serious side effects In rare cases, diuretics may cause serious side effects. [healthline.com]

  Possible side-effects of diuretic include: an increased need to go to the toilet feeling thirsty, dizzy, weak, lethargic or sick low blood pressure when moving from lying or sitting to standing muscle cramps skin rash raised uric acid levels (that can [bloodpressureuk.org]

  Sulfa allergies can range from skin rashes to urticarial lesions to anaphylaxis, and can be immediate on first exposure to a sulfa-drug or gradual in onset over days to weeks. [www2.kidney.org]

• Eruptions

  Cutaneous eruptions, leukopenias were reported exceptionally. Thiazide diuretics are largely used, in particular for the treatment of arterial hypertension where, correctly prescribed, they are well tolerated and effective. [pharmacorama.com]

  Thiazide and loop diuretics are also associated with photosensitivity and bulbous eruptions. The occurrence of such lesions should preclude the continued use of the offending agent. Effects on the fetus (Weak). [www2.kidney.org]

• Angioedema

  Accumulation of bradykinin has been proposed as an etiologic mechanism for the side effects of cough and angioedema. ACEIs can cause injury or even death to a developing fetus. In pregnant patients, ACEIs should be discontinued as soon as possible. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Stupor

  Objective examination: Overall condition poor, pale face, stupor, incoherent answers to different questions, TA 170/80 mmHg, Fc 80/min, SO 2 97%, lungs normal, abdomen soft, liver, spleen, kidneys were normal, legs free of edema. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

• Polyuria

  Currently, the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan is the only available treatment for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but there are tolerability issues due to aquaretic side-effects such as polyuria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Impotence – reported by 10% of middle-aged men Nocturia and polyuria – caused by the diuresis. Related Articles [almostadoctor.co.uk]

• Anuria

  […] below) Chlorthalidone Anuria (no urine output) Sulfonamide allergy - (See sulfa allergy below) Indapamide Anuria (no urine output) Sulfonamide allergy - (See sulfa allergy below) PRECAUTIONS KIDNEY DISEASE Patients with significant kidney disease need [straighthealthcare.com]

• Oliguria

  When individuals present with fluid imbalance (depletion) due to diuretics, adverse events such as: dry mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, muscle pains or cramps, confusion, seizures, muscular fatigue, hypotension, oliguria [rxlist.com]

What is the proper workup of a patient with hypertension?. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008 Sep. 75(9):663-72. [Medline]. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Hypertension diagnosis and treatment. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hyponatremia

  Hyponatremia is a reported, though uncommon, complication of thiazide use. Although the exact mechanism of thiazide-induced hyponatremia (TIH) is unclear, it can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  After normalization of blood electrolytes, we looked for the cause of hyponatremia. In literature treatment with Hydrochlortiazide was reported as the cause of hyponatremia and hypokalemia especially in elder women. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

  To the Editor: Hyponatremia is an important side effect of thiazide diuretics, and I think that it deserved further discussion in the recent review article by Ernst and Moser (Nov. 26 issue). 1 Although thiazide-induced hyponatremia is not as well characterized [nejm.org]

  hypermagnesemia, hyponatremia Hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia 3. [lecturio.com]

• Potassium Decreased

  While serum potassium decreased significantly in the thiazide group, the total body potassium was unchanged in this group. In the propranolol group, serum potassium rose, while total body potassium decreased significantly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

FG increased 6.5 (SD 13.0) mg/dL during short-term thiazide treatment and 3.6 (SD 15.3) mg/dL FG during prolonged thiazide treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Accumulation of bradykinin has been proposed as an etiologic mechanism for the side effects of cough and angioedema. ACEIs can cause injury or even death to a developing fetus. In pregnant patients, ACEIs should be discontinued as soon as possible. [emedicine.medscape.com]

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified and validated incident stone formers in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1984 to 2011 with manual review of medical records using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It covers everything from epidemiology and pathophysiology through diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment, outcome studies, concomitant diseases, special populations and special situations, and future treatments. [books.google.com]

Treatment of Hypertension in the Prevention and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention [ebmconsult.com]

Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia can have advantages as recent epidemiological studies have shown a preservation of bone mineral density in the hip and the spine as well as a decrease in the risk of hip fracture in patients on chronic thiazide treatment [lecturio.com]

Moreover, in addition to prospective randomized trials, some long-term epidemiological studies, such as the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Research in Communities) study, have linked different classes of antihypertensive agents with development of new-onset diabetes [care.diabetesjournals.org]

This edition has been thoroughly revised by world-renowned contributors to reflect recent developments in renal pathophysiology. [books.google.com]

Magnesium deficiency: pathophysiologic and clinical overview. Am J Kidney Dis 24: 737 - 752, 1994. Dorup I. Magnesium and potassium deficiency. [cancercarewny.com]

In one of these trials, chlortalidone was superior to the ACE inhibitor lisinoprilin preventing stroke. It was also superior to the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine in preventing heart failure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

While stone prevention is certainly not accomplished by one pill, thiazide is an important part of what physicians can offer for prevention of stones. [kidneystones.uchicago.edu]