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Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count in the blood. A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/µL.


Thrombocytopenia 1
Thrombocytopenia 1
Thrombocytopenia 1, CC BY-SA 4.0
Oral petechiae
Oral petechiae
Oral petechiae, CC BY-SA 3.0
Petechia lower leg2
Petechia lower leg2
Petechia lower leg2, CC BY-SA 4.0
Thrombi in patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombi in patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombi in patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, CC BY-SA 3.0

Presentation
  • BACKGROUND: The present study reports a case of piperacillin-induced thrombocytopenia in a dual heart and kidney transplant patient on January 28, 2016 (taking mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Thrombocytopenia presenting after 72 hours of age is usually secondary to sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis and is usually more severe and prolonged. Platelet transfusion remains the only treatment.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Here we present a pediatric case of persistent thrombocytopenia associated with T-cell ALL.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • In all, 40 (25 acute, 15 chronic) ITP child patients were investigated at time of presentation, compared to 15 healthy, age- and gender-matched controls and followed up for 1 year to determine chronic cases.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We present the clinical course of a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma, who developed acute thrombocytopenia on three consecutive episodes, with nadir counts of 27 10 9 , 50 10 9 , and 9 10 9 /L, upon administration[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Easy Bruising
  • It may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or bleeding in mucous membranes and other tissues A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood A decrease in the number of platelets in[icd9data.com]
  • Other symptoms include nosebleeds and easy bruising; sometimes gastrointestinal bleeding, excess menstrual bleeding, or other hemorrhage is observed. Hemorrhage in the brain can have serious consequences.[britannica.com]
  • Thrombocytopenia is characterized by easy bruising and increased bleeding.[rxlist.com]
  • It may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or bleeding in mucous membranes and other tissues.[fpnotebook.com]
Gaucher Disease
  • disease Platelets become diluted Massive red blood cell replacement or exchange transfusion; stored red blood cells do not contain very many platelets Use or destruction of platelets increases Immune thrombocytopenia HIV infection and other viral infections[merckmanuals.com]
  • The most common causes of splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) are portal hypertension secondary to liver disease and splenic infiltration with tumor cells, or with macrophages in storage disorders (like Gaucher's disease ).[healthcentral.com]
  • disease Zika virus The following medications can induce thrombocytopenia through direct myelosuppression.[en.wikipedia.org]
  • ." - Abnormalities in the spleen, such as cancer, cirrhosis, or Gaucher's disease, may cause abnormal amounts of platelets to be taken up by the spleen, which under normal conditions contains about one-third of the platelets in the body.[lymphomation.org]
Bleeding Gums
  • Use a soft toothbrush to prevent bleeding gums. Wear a seatbelt in the car, and put on gloves and goggles when you work with power tools to prevent injury.[webmd.com]
  • Some individuals with thrombocytopenia may experience external bleeding such as nosebleeds, and/or bleeding gums. Some women may have heavier or longer periods or breakthrough bleeding.[en.wikipedia.org]
  • If you have a low platelet count, you may experience: red, purple, or brown bruises, which are called purpura a rash with small red or purple dots called petechiae nosebleeds bleeding gums bleeding from wounds that lasts for a prolonged period or doesn[healthline.com]
  • Bleeding gums or bleeding from tooth extractions.[patient.info]
Purpura
  • , Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/chemically induced* Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy* Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized Alemtuzumab[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Abstract The treatment of refractory immune-mediated thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) can be challenging. This case report describes treatment of refractory ITP with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • , Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/etiology* Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism* Signal Transduction*/drug effects Smad Proteins/genetics Smad[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • , Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnostic imaging Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/pathology Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy* Retrospective Studies Spleen/blood supply* Spleen/diagnostic[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • This suggested that dabigatran had caused thrombocytopenia and purpura; therefore, dabigatran administration was discontinued.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Petechiae
  • Painless, round and pinpoint (1 to 3 mm in diameter) petechiae usually appear and fade, and sometimes group to form ecchymoses. Larger than petechiae, ecchymoses are purple, blue or yellow-green areas of skin that vary in size and shape.[en.wikipedia.org]
  • Thrombocytopenia is characterized by the appearance of tiny purplish spots (petechiae) or larger black-and-blue areas (ecchymoses) in the skin, which are due to small hemorrhages into the skin.[britannica.com]
  • Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment The most common symptoms of ITP are petechiae (red or purple dots on the skin), bruising and bleeding.[ucsfhealth.org]
  • Painless, round and pinpoints (1 to 3 mm in diameter), petechiae usually appear and fade, and sometimes group to form ecchymoses.[healthcentral.com]
  • Manifestations are petechiae, purpura, and mucosal bleeding. Laboratory findings depend on the cause. The history may be the only suggestion of the diagnosis. Treatment is correction of the underlying disorder.[merckmanuals.com]
Epistaxis
  • It presents in infancy or in neonates (in severe cases) with patients bruising easily along with further manifestations of thrombocytopenia including epistaxis, petechiae, ecchymoses, or splenomegaly.[orpha.net]
  • […] peripheral blood smear on a freshly taken specimen should be performed. [ 9 ] Presentation Careful and thorough history and examination, including any features associated with platelet dysfunction and any indication of the underlying cause. [ 10 ] History Epistaxis[patient.info]
  • Epistaxis, gingival bleeding, rash or bruising on the skin, menorrhagia or abnormal vaginal bleeding in women, rectal bleeding (hematochezia or melena), hematuria, bleeding after surgeries, or dental procedures. b.[clinicaladvisor.com]
Neglect
  • It's suggested that vascular endothelial cell injury and barrier function damage were induced after SFTSV infection, which is a vital but neglected pathogenesis of SFTS. Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Uremia
  • ., uremia, hyponatremia, fever) 90, 101–103 Cerebral hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia 102 Other concurrent factors that may cause seizures independently of TTP (e.g., TTP-like infections, drugs such as cyclosporine A or FK506, 100 connective tissue[epilepsy.com]

Workup
  • Other laboratory tests should be obtained based on the initial workup and history.[clinicaladvisor.com]
  • It is not still clear if detection of H. pylori infection should be routinely included in the initial workup of chronic thrombocytopenia. Key words. H. pylori. Thrombocytopenia. Purpura. Mexico.[scielo.org.mx]
Decreased Platelet Count
  • PGRN deficiency further decreased platelet count in a passive-transfer ITP murine model. By contrast, administration of recombinant PGRN increased platelet count in SCID mice with chronic ITP.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • She had increased monocyte cell count (1.82   10/L), markedly decreased platelet count (2   10/L), hypercellularity of the megakaryocyte lineage with many immature megakaryocytes, and ZRSR2(zinc finger CCCH-type, RNA binding motif and serine/arginine[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, laboratory testing of the blood can show decreased platelet counts.[chop.edu]
  • Abstract : Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased platelet count of which dysfunctional cellular immunity in its pathogenesis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment
  • Currently, there is no single treatment regimen for these disorders.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Therefore, warfarin treatment was replaced with dabigatran (300 mg/day). Her platelet count decreased (41,000/μL) significantly and dabigatran treatment was discontinued.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total four cases of SFTS with IPA are reviewed and detailing the disease progression, treatment options, and prognosis were summarized and analyzed.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Treatment endpoints include elevation of platelets and reduction of bleeding risk, elevation of quality of life, reduction of concomitant therapies and prevention from bleeding.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Platelet transfusion remains the only treatment. There is a need for trials to define the safe lower limit for platelet count and which neonates will benefit from treatment.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis
  • Early confirmation and treatment may improve the prognosis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Quantifying Th17 cells may allow physicians to predict prognosis of glucocorticoid treatment and stratify therapy for those with ITP. This strategy may provide a new approach to the treatment of glucocorticoid-insensitive patients.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total four cases of SFTS with IPA are reviewed and detailing the disease progression, treatment options, and prognosis were summarized and analyzed.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Prognosis Prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. Quality of life may be affected in those with a serious form of the disease, and iron overload due to repeated blood transfusions to treat anemia can be very damaging if left untreated.[orpha.net]

Etiology
  • Thrombocytopenia after ACS can have multiple etiologies. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has also been implicated in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • It has an acute or subacute onset of unknown etiology, although some pathological features resemble those of multicentric Castleman disease. We here report two cases of TAFRO syndrome.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • However, the initial investigation failed to identify its etiology. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV), which was first discovered in 2009.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • New content is added on basic cell biology and etiology of leukocyte neoplasias. Updated Molecular Diagnostics chapter keeps you current on techniques being used in the lab.[books.google.com]
  • Cells/metabolism* Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology Models, Biological NF-kappa B/genetics NF-kappa B/metabolism* Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/etiology[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology
  • CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The mysterious pathogen of the cluster in 1996 was proved to be SFTSV on the basis of its epidemiological data, clinical data and serological results.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • 34/2, 8036, Graz, Austria. 3 Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Author information 1 State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, PR China. 2 Treatment and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The 302[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • In this study, 355 specimens with pseudo-thrombocytopenia (PTCP) were evaluated via epidemiology, identification, remedies, and platelet (PLT) count.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Author information 1 State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R, China. 2 School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Sex distribution
Age distribution

Pathophysiology
  • Little is known about TAFRO syndrome, especially in relation to the associated kidney pathophysiology.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. Methods: RT-PCR was used to examine the polymorphism and expression of genes involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome in ITP patients.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder of heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • However, a decrease in AIPC after admission was independently associated with the development of severe thrombocytopenia and mortality, suggesting the importance of suppressed thrombopoiesis in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • These novel findings provide important insights into the pathophysiology of SFTS. Copyright 2017 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention
  • Electronic address: jmsun@cdc.zj.cn. 5 Daishan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • […] and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • CONCLUSIONS: Dabigatran application may cause bleeding; therefore, careful monitoring during dabigatran treatment is required to prevent thrombocytopenia.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • This may be preventable by low-dose steroids.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. 2 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China. 3 Center for Disease Control and Prevention[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Last updated: 2018-06-22 07:46