Presentation
We present here the case of an adolescent with a novel presentation of copper-metabolism disorder who exhibited acute severe hemilingual dyskinesia and prominent tics, with ballismus of the upper limbs, but had normal brain and spinal MRI results and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
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Dysphagia
[…] with a novel presentation of copper-metabolism disorder who exhibited acute severe hemilingual dyskinesia and prominent tics, with ballismus of the upper limbs, but had normal brain and spinal MRI results and did not show any signs of dysarthria or dysphagia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Musculoskeletal
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Muscle Twitch
The most commonly reported adverse events were sedation (39%), fatigue (33%), insomnia (33%), somnolence (28%), anxiety (22%), headache (22%), and muscle twitching (22%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Unlike tics, the majority of muscle twitches are isolated occurrences, not repeated actions. Muscle twitches are also known as myoclonic jerks. They are entirely involuntary and cannot be controlled or suppressed. [webmd.com]
‘Others discovered that after months or years of treatment they developed uncontrollable muscle twitches or tics that were often irreversible, even after stopping the drugs.’ [oxforddictionaries.com]
A simple tic is purposeless, such as an eye blink, any other muscle twitch, a grunt, or a production of a noise. A complex tic consists of a muscle movement with a purpose, such as scratching, throwing, or chewing. [childbrain.com]
Face, Head & Neck
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Facial Grimacing
This could include eye blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocal tics could include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds. [pbmhmr.com]
Some complex motor tics include: Facial grimacing Touching people or things Obscene gesturing or gyrating movements Like motor tics, vocal tics can be simple or complex. [cedars-sinai.edu]
Motor tics can be of an endless variety and may include such movements as hand-clapping, neck stretching, mouth movements, head, arm or leg jerks, and facial grimacing. [sciencedaily.com]
This study will involve only simple motor tics, such as eye blinking, nose wrinkling, facial grimacing and abdominal tensing, and simple vocal tics, such as throat clearing, sniffing and snorting. [clinicaltrials.gov]
Neurologic
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Grunting
Tics that affect the muscles used to produce speech are known as vocal tics, and can range from grunts or whistles to the repetition of complete words or phrases. [medicinenet.com]
A tic may take the form of sounds, such as clearing the throat and, less frequently, grunting noises. Shouting out words and profanities — the stereotypical image of tic disorder — is rare. [additudemag.com]
Tics may be motor or vocal; the vocal tics include humming, grunting, or saying actual words, usually in an explosive, spastic fashion, (the words may be curses). Tics may be simple or complex. [childbrain.com]
Common tics include excessive blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder-shrugging, sniffing and grunting. [texaschildrens.org]
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Coprolalia
Vocal tics may be either noises or words, and the vocal language tics may consist of obscenities (coprolalia) and repetitions of speech that has been heard (echolalia). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Coprolalia is a highly-publicized, though uncommon, symptom of Tourette syndrome. [sciencedaily.com]
Coprolalia is a highly-publicized symptom of Tourette syndrome; however, according to the Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. (TSA), fewer than 15% of TS patients exhibit coprolalia.[6][7] Complex tics are rarely seen in the absence of simple tics. [psychology.wikia.org]
Barely audible muttering Calling out Coprolalia Echolalia "Hey," "Wow," etc. [tourette13.tripod.com]
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Echolalia
Vocal tics may be either noises or words, and the vocal language tics may consist of obscenities (coprolalia) and repetitions of speech that has been heard (echolalia). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Barely audible muttering Calling out Coprolalia Echolalia "Hey," "Wow," etc. [tourette13.tripod.com]
There are two key part to her Tourette Syndrome - Echolalia and Coprolalia. [youtube.com]
Patients with a complex vocal tic may repeat their own words (palilalia) or other people’s words (echolalia), and may use obscene words (coprolalia). [cedars-sinai.edu]
Complex phonic tics may fall into various categories, including echolalia (repeating words just spoken by someone else), palilalia (repeating one's own previously spoken words), klazomania (compulsive shouting), lexilalia (repeating words after reading [sciencedaily.com]
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Involuntary Movements
The involuntary movements are phenomenologically identical to tics typically associated with Tourette syndrome (TS), but without the involvement of any other body part and without phonic tics or the typical TS co-morbidities, such as attention deficit [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
This term refers to abnormal, repetitive involuntary movements and includes most of the childhood movement disorders, including tics, stereotypies, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, and tremor. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
Tics are repetitive and involuntary movements or vocalizations. Excitement, anxiety or stress can make them worse. [advocatechildrenshospital.com]
A tic is a sudden, repetitive, stereotyped, nonrhythmic, involuntary movement (motor tic) or sound (phonic tic) that involves discrete groups of muscles. Tics can be invisible to the observer (e.g.; abdominal tensing or toe crunching). [sciencedaily.com]
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Screaming
A year after the head injury she developed high pitched inspiratory screams associated with facial grimacing and jerky movements of the arms. [jnnp.bmj.com]
Eventually, you’ll probably just collapse under the pressure and turn into a screaming ball of creaking joints. Well done! Results for How Many Of These Nervous Tics Do You Have? Whoa, You Barely Have Any Tics At All! Wow. [clickhole.com]
Smelling things Somersaults Stepping backwards Tearing things Throwing things Twirling in circles Walking on toes Belching Clicking Coughing Gasping Grunting Gurgling Gutteral sounds Hiccupping Hissing Honking Misc. noises Moaning Noisy breathing Puffing Screaming [tourette13.tripod.com]
Simple phonic tics include chronic sniffing, grunting, throat clearing, clicking and screaming. [nytimes.com]
Walkup, MD In France in 1825, 60 years before Tourette syndrome was defined as a discrete phenomenon, Marquise de Dampierre, a noblewoman who twitched and jerked uncontrollably and screamed obscenities in gatherings of high society became the first patient [nyp.org]
Workup
Many children with Tourette’s disorder display explosive rage.7 GUIDE TO WORKUP During initial assessment, clearly delineate the onset, severity, complexity, and course of tics. [mdedge.com]
History and physical examination The first part of a medical workup for tics is the taking of a medical history and a general physical examination. [healthofchildren.com]
Treatment
Clinical guidelines have been developed for the treatment of TS and tics, but little is known about how young people and their parents perceive their treatment options or their desired outcomes of treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Outlook (Prognosis) Simple childhood tics should go away on their own over a period of months. Chronic tics may continue for a longer period of time. Possible Complications In most cases, there are no complications. [mountsinai.org]
Prognosis In most cases, the long-term outcome is excellent. External resources American Academy of Neurology (AAN)1080 Montreal Ave.St. [drugs.com]
There is now a general consensus that if a tic disorder is the only diagnosis, the prognosis is favorable. [minddisorders.com]
Prognosis The prognosis for most tics and tic disorders is quite good. In the majority of cases, the tics diminish in severity and eventually disappear as the child grows older. [healthofchildren.com]
Etiology
These limitations underscore that any interpretation of behavioral output in an animal model cannot exclusively rely on the recognition of features that bear superficial resemblance with tics, but must be supported by other etiological and convergent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The role of infection in the etiology of tics. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1929;22:1163–1171. Westley, Erica. From Throat to Mind. Strep today, anxiety later? Scientific American. Jan. 1, 2010. Cox CJ, Zuccolo AJ, Edwards EV, et al. [moleculeralabs.com]
Etiology Theory: Environmental or hormonal perturbations trigger tics in genetically susceptible individuals. [unboundmedicine.com]
Piacentini is the recipient of National Institutes of Health grant awards pertaining to the etiology, assessment, and treatment of Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other child anxiety disorders. John T. [books.google.ro]
Epidemiology
In this chapter functional jerks and their differential diagnoses will be discussed in terms of epidemiology, symptom characteristics, disease course, psychopathology, and supportive neurophysiologic tests. 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Movement Disorders p. 936-958 August 2019, Vol.25, No.4 doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000752 REVIEW ARTICLES Article Related Links Abstract The purpose of this article is to present current information on the phenomenology, epidemiology, comorbidities, and [journals.lww.com]
When needed, management of tic disorders is similar to management of Tourette syndrome.[7] Epidemiology[edit] Tic disorders are more common among males than females.[3] As many as 1 in 100 people may experience some form of tic disorder, usually before [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
RESULTS: Neither strategy can by itself provide convincing evidence that a model informatively recapitulates tic pathophysiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Division of Infectious Disease. . Accessed June 30, 2017. Tick removal. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. . Accessed July 25, 2017. Symptoms of tickborne illness. [mayoclinic.org]
Prevention Travellers who hike, camp, or undertake outdoor activities in wooded regions or city parks of endemic areas should take measures to prevent tick bites. Use a repellent containing 20%-30% DEET or 20% Picaridin. [iamat.org]
[…] information 1 HSK Group BV, Hambakenwetering 5b, 5233 DD 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. [email protected] Abstract Behaviour therapy has been shown to be an effective strategy in treating tics; both habit reversal (HR) and exposure and response prevention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] pdf icon[PDF – 1 page] – Tick Bite Prevention Comic for Summer Campers It’s Open Season on Ticks! [cdc.gov]
Are there any preventative measures? “Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent a tic,” Dr. Khrizman says. “Tics typically start to appear around 5 to 10 years of age, and we don’t fully understand the cause. [hackensackmeridianhealth.org]