Calabar swellings are subcutaneous edematous areas of 3-10 cm that are nonerythematous and do not pit; local pain, pruritus, and mild fever may be present. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

A marked peripheral eosinophilia is often present. If the parasitic infection is low, eosinophilia may be the only diagnostic sign evident. Occasionally, splinter hemorrhages may be present below the nails. [clinicalgate.com]

The most common presenting feature is abdominal pain, observed in 98% of patients. Less common features include ascending cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, and, rarely, obstructive jaundice. [emedicine.medscape.com]

FIELD EVALUATION It is critical to know the nematode species present and the density of their populations to make management decisions. [ipm.ucanr.edu]

The vector is present in the United States but there is no presence of Bursaphelenchus cocophilus yet. Native Origin Native Origin: Central and South America Current Location U.S. [tsusinvasives.org]

• Localized Pain

  Calabar swellings are subcutaneous edematous areas of 3-10 cm that are nonerythematous and do not pit; local pain, pruritus, and mild fever may be present. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

• High Fever

  These episodes may be accompanied by high fever and resolve within 7-10 d. Epididymitis or orchitis may occur intermittently. Other patients, especially travelers, may have allergic symptoms including urticaria, rashes, and eosinophilia. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

• Myalgia

  Nonspecific side effects include headache, vertigo or dizziness, malaise, fever, or myalgias. Onchocerciasis should be excluded before DEC treatment. DEC is available in the United States from Lederle Laboratories (800-934-5556). [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

  She denies any myalgias, itching, or rashes. Physical and laboratory evaluations are unremarkable. Examination of her stool reveals the causative organism. [medbullets.com]

  The migration of the larvae results in an intense inflammatory response causing periorbital edema, fever, muscle pain or tenderness, headache, and myalgia. A marked peripheral eosinophilia is often present. [clinicalgate.com]

• Periorbital Edema

  The migration of the larvae results in an intense inflammatory response causing periorbital edema, fever, muscle pain or tenderness, headache, and myalgia. A marked peripheral eosinophilia is often present. [clinicalgate.com]

  […] trichiura (whipworm) Microcytic anemia Abdominal pain and diarrhea Can cause intestinal/rectal prolapse in children Fecal-oral Ingestion of eggs Bendazoles Transmission by Ingestion of Larvae Trichinella spiralis Trichinosis Fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital [medbullets.com]

• Hyperkeratosis

  The term elephantiasis refers to advanced changes of chronic lymphedema, including subcutaneous thickening, skin hyperkeratosis, and fissuring. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

• Convulsions

  […] be asymptomatic or cause protean manifestations including muscular pain, lassitude, anorexia, cough, urticarial rashes, hepatomegaly, and (occasionally) splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and skin lesions, and (rarely) central nervous system involvement (convulsions [oxfordmedicine.com]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  Most infections are asymptomatic, but there may be pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, abdominal discomfort and—in children with heavy infections—intestinal obstruction. Infection is diagnosed by finding eggs in the faeces. [oxfordmedicine.com]

  Severe generalized abdominal pain, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, ileus, shock, and meningitis or sepsis due to gram-negative bacilli may occur. See the image below. Strongyloides eggs in native examination from feces of a newborn. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Necator Americanus

  Hookworm, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. Juveniles in the soil can burrow into human skin. The eggs are usually eaten along with food. However, it appears that hookworm infections in humans are not always totally bad news! [bumblebee.org]

  Types of Roundworms There are a number of different species of roundworms but the most common ones to infect humans include: Ascaris lumbricoides (most common roundworm infections in humans) Hookworms ( Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus ) Guinea [healthhype.com]

• Liver Biopsy

  Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite or eggs in a liver biopsy. Treatment is usually with thiabendazole or albendazole. Enterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis (the threadworm) is cosmopolitan. [oxfordmedicine.com]

Treatment The treatment of choice is ivermectin, 150 5g/kg orally as a single dose, which kills microfilariae but is less effective against adult worms. Treatment is repeated at 3-mo intervals for 2-3 years. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

Treatment is usually with thiabendazole or albendazole. Enterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis (the threadworm) is cosmopolitan. [oxfordmedicine.com]

[…] plant-pathogenic nematodes potato practices preplant quarantine rhizosphere root-knot nematodes seed soil fumigation soybean soybean cyst nematode spread stages stem nematode studies sugar-beet sugar-beet nematode susceptible temperature tion todes toxic treatment [books.google.com]

Treatment If asymptomatic then no treatment is required. Otherwise, either diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin is effective. [patient.info]

Treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin, surgical remonval. 28 NON-FILARIAL TISSUE NEMATODE INFECTIONS treatment Diagnosis Location in human Mode of transmission Disease Nematode species Surgical extraction clinical Subcutaneous, mainly in lower [slideplayer.com]

Describe trichinosis and disease progression in humans, including body sites affected, peripheral blood presentation, severity of disease, and prognosis. 5. List the various methods used to diagnose tissue nematode infections. 6. [clinicalgate.com]

Epidemiology It is estimated that 2-13 million humans are infected with the Loa loa larvae. [patient.info]

Epidemiology Trichinella occurs worldwide with the cycle maintained in several different mammalian species. The mammal serves as the definitive host for the adult worm and the intermediate host for the encysted larvae. [clinicalgate.com]

Human filariasis: a global survey of epidemiology and control. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD. 8. Freedman DO ,, de Almeida Filho PJ ,, Besh S ,, Maia e Silva MC ,, Braga C ,, Maciel A. 1994. [asmscience.org]

Systematics and epidemiology of trichinella. Adv Parasitol. 2006. 63:367-439. [Medline]. Pozio E, Gomez Morales MA, Dupouy-Camet J. Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of trichinellosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2003 Oct. 1(3):471-82. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prevention is by properly cooking fish. Hepatic capillariasis—caused by Capillaria hepatica, a parasite of rats. Ingested eggs hatch and larvae pass to the liver and cause a syndrome similar to visceral larva migrans (see below). [oxfordmedicine.com]

Prevention Because transmission depends on mosquito vectors, control measures are directed at reducing mosquito populations and reducing the number of bites by mosquitoes. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]

Prevention Control of blackfly by spraying. Mass distribution of ivermectin. [patient.info]

Care should be taken to practice preventative measures before the nematode population increases and infests the entire field. [blog.agrivi.com]

As will be explained further, eradication of the disease is relatively simple and is in near sight--eradication can be accomplished simply by preventing people from drinking from water contaminated by the parasite. [web.stanford.edu]