Presentation
Stool may float which may indicate that there is increased fat present in the stool. [patients.gi.org]
Usually, the children have no failure to thrive and they present in a good nutritional state. Abdominal pain may be present in a minority. [adc.bmj.com]
Presenting symptoms may differ between infants, children, and adults. [csidcares.org]
History of present illness should cover duration and quality of cough (barky, staccato, paroxysmal) and onset (sudden or indolent). The physician should ask about associated symptoms. [merck.com]
Entire Body System
- High Fever
Report if your child develops a high fever (more than 102°F or 39°C). Continue to feed your child if she is not vomiting. [healthychildren.org]
Unless the diarrhea persists for more than 36 hours or is accompanied by high fever or other symptoms, home treatment is generally sufficient to speed recovery and ease your toddler's discomfort. [livestrong.com]
This is especially important if he: cannot keep any food down has diarrhoea every two hours or more has a high fever or seems to be getting dehydrated has blood in his stool Diarrhoea and vomiting are rarely serious, if treated properly and on time. [babycenter.in]
- Weakness
If your toddler is experiencing confusion or if she is too weak to stand or walk take her to the hospital right away or call 911. [momvelous.com]
Call 911 if your child: Is too weak to stand up Is confused or dizzy Call your doctor right away if your child: Seems very sick Has had diarrhea more than three days Is younger than 6 months old Is vomiting bloody green or yellow fluid Can't hold down [webmd.com]
[…] immune system Contact emergency medical services if your child is dizzy, confused or is too weak to stand. [newkidscenter.com]
Diarrhoea and vomiting can make your baby feel weak and irritable. He will lose a lot of liquid. He may not want to eat, but it's vital to feed him, to prevent dehydration. [babycenter.in]
- Poor Feeding
feeding Weight loss, poor growth, or both Blood in stools Stool tests Symptoms that lessen when the formula is changed Possibly endoscopy, colonoscopy, or both Excessive consumption of fruit juices (especially apple, pear, and prune) Drinking more than [merckmanuals.com]
- Malaise
[…] weather changes, or URIs Nighttime cough Family history of asthma History of eczema or allergic rhinitis Clinical evaluation Trial of asthma drugs Pulmonary function tests Atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma, Chlamydia ) Gradual onset of illness Headache, malaise [merck.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
However, children with toddler’s diarrhea do not complain about abdominal pain and continue to be active. Children with toddler’s diarrhea can have anywhere from 4–10 loose stools every day. [childrensgimd.com]
Some children experience frequent abdominal pain, but many toddlers with the condition have no symptoms other than watery stools. [modernmom.com]
It can cause diarrhea, hives, abdominal pain, etc. 8. [md-health.com]
Alert your child's doctor if he or she experiences other symptoms with diarrhea such as blood in the stool, weight loss or poor weight gain, chronic fever, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bowel movement accidents or greasy or oily stools. [rileychildrens.org]
Other symptoms include abdominal pain and distention, excessive burping and gas. [patients.gi.org]
- Chronic Diarrhea
Toddlers With Chronic Diarrhea [modernmom.com]
Diarrhea that lasts 4 weeks or more is considered chronic diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea may be an indication that there is a problem with your child - read more. [baby-medical-questions-and-answers.com]
But chronic diarrhea for a baby or toddler over the age of one (who is not being breastfed) should be looked into carefully and treated. [ourgffamily.com]
Chapter First Online: 07 November 2012 Part of the Clinical Gastroenterology book series (CG) Abstract Chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CNSD) is a leading cause of chronic diarrhea in otherwise well children, 1–3 years of age, and occurs, by definition, [link.springer.com]
- Food Intolerance
Although the cause is unclear, it is known that it is not caused by food intolerance, poor absorption of food or by a serious bowel problem. [emmasdiary.co.uk]
It is important to note that this is not a food intolerance or malabsorption syndrome, although a similar phenomenon can arise with undigested nutrients in food intolerances and malabsorption syndromes in older children and adults. [healthhype.com]
Food intolerance Food intolerance is abnormal reaction to certain foods without the involvement of immune system, for example, Lactose intolerance, where lactase isn’t produced adequately in the body. 9. [md-health.com]
Food intolerances. Some people are unable to digest some component of food, such as lactose, the sugar found in milk. Parasites. Parasites can enter the body through food or water and settle in the digestive system. [aboutkidsgi.org]
- Abdominal Cramps
Your child develops a high fever (greater than 103 degrees F) or painful abdominal cramps. Your child continues to vomit despite treatment. New symptoms appear that you don’t understand. [pampapediatrics.com]
Consuming a food your child has an allergy to can cause abdominal cramping, diarrhea, gas and bloating around 2 hours after the food is consumed. In more severe cases, your child may exhibit a rash, breathing difficulties, hives or swelling. [newkidscenter.com]
When the undigested lactose stays in the intestines, it can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bloating, and gas. Symptoms usually start 30 minutes to two hours after consuming milk products. [babycenter.com]
— Doctor, dietary fiber incites intestinal fermentation, and causes gas, bloating and severe abdominal cramps in children and adults alike. [gutsense.org]
- Abdominal Distension
The end result is abdominal distension, excessive flatulence, and diarrhea. [unboundmedicine.com]
Celiac disease (gluten intolerance): – With an estimated incidence of 1:133 individuals, Celiac disease presents with chronic symptoms including constipation, diarrhea, poor weight gain, decreased energy, and abdominal distension. [patients.gi.org]
Small intestinal absorption of glucose and sucrose is generally complete, but absorption of fructose 15 16 and sorbitol 17 is limited and may occasionally provoke gastrointestinal symptoms with abdominal distension, flatulence, abdominal pains, and diarrhoea [adc.bmj.com]
Skin
- Ulcer
Meanwhile, millions of people have been dying from bleeding ulcers and gastric cancers, even though a single course of antibiotics — not surgery or life-long prescription antacids — was all that was needed to wipe out this ulcer-causing infection once [gutsense.org]
Kids can sometimes get diarrhea from: a high-sugar diet (for instance, from drinking lots of juice) food allergies lactose intolerance problems in the intestines like celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [kidshealth.org]
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease): – A disease where there is inflammation of the intestines and/or colon that can lead to chronic diarrhea. [patients.gi.org]
pear, and prune) Drinking more than 4–8 ounces of fruit juice a day Often no other symptoms except diarrhea A doctor’s examination Resolution of diarrhea after decreasing consumption of fruit juices Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn disease Ulcerative [merckmanuals.com]
Psychiatrical
- Hunger
Reason: Your child will need calories and cry in hunger. Probiotics: Probiotics are healthy bacteria (such as Lactobacilli). They can replace harmful bacteria in the gut (stomach). Age over 12 months old: Yogurt is the easiest source of probiotics. [seattlechildrens.org]
Workup
Microbiology
- Giardia Lamblia
Among the causes that have to be ruled out medically (and the corresponding test) are included bacterial intestinal infection - stool culture infection with the parasite Giardia lamblia - giardia antibody test infection with Clostridium difficile - C. [drhull.com]
Parasites that cause diarrhea include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium. Reaction to medicines, such as antibiotics, blood pressure medications, and antacids containing magnesium. [aboutkidsgi.org]
Treatment
Compliance was measured with a seven-day written diary, while serum IgE was measured by PRIST, before and after dietary treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Please consult the doctors about your specific condition and the approach for treatment. [kidstummies.org]
Abstract Purpose of review To critically appraise evidence on probiotic use for prevention and treatment of diarrhea in children and adults. [doi.org]
Vomiting with diarrhea If your child has vomited more than twice, follow your doctor's recommended treatment for vomiting instead of this treatment for diarrhea until your child has gone 8 hours without vomiting. [summitmedicalgroup.com]
Etiology
RESULTS: The etiology of chronic diarrhea was TD 16%, celiac disease (CD) 37%, cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) 35% and others 12%. The mean age of 30 children with TD was 2.7 ± 1.2 years (22 boys). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology Nutritional factors: excessive consumption of fruit juice; high-carbohydrate, low-fat, and low-fiber diet Disordered intestinal motility (i.e., variant of irritable bowel syndrome of infancy) with rapid transit -- To view the remaining sections [unboundmedicine.com]
Etiology and epidemiology of persistent diarrhea in northeastern Brazil: a hospital-based, prospective, case–control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995;21:137–44. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 9. Hyams J, Colletti R, Faure C, et al. [link.springer.com]
Stool studies to look for possible bacterial, viral or parasitic etiologies. X-ray studies are not routinely performed but may be useful in some circumstances to evaluate the liver and gastrointestinal tract if other causes are suspected. [patients.gi.org]
Epidemiology
Etiology and epidemiology of persistent diarrhea in northeastern Brazil: a hospital-based, prospective, case–control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995;21:137–44. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 9. Hyams J, Colletti R, Faure C, et al. [link.springer.com]
"Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 7 (7): 526–36. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2164. [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Carbohydrate malabsorption Diarrhea is often preceded by acute gastroenteritis or other viral infection that results in dietary restrictions. [unboundmedicine.com]
Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to: Understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in chronic diarrhea. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
Chronic nonspecific diarrhea of childhood: pathophysiology and management. Pediatr Clin N Am. 1996;43:375–90. CrossRef Google Scholar 5. Hoekstra JH. Toddler diarrhoea: more a nutritional disorder than a disease. Arch Dis Child. 1998; 79: 2–5. [link.springer.com]
Chronic nonspecific diarrhea of childhood: Pathophysiology and management. Pediatr. Clin North Am 1996; 43: 375-90. 24.- Lifshitz F, Ament ME, Kleinman Re, et al. Role of juice carbohydrate malabsorption in chronic nonspecific diarrhea in children. [ramontormo.com]
Prevention
General Prevention Limit the consumption and delay the introduction of sorbitol or fructose-rich fruit juices to the infant diet. [unboundmedicine.com]
Abstract Purpose of review To critically appraise evidence on probiotic use for prevention and treatment of diarrhea in children and adults. [doi.org]
Therefore, treatment for toddler diarrhea is focused on preventing, or if necessary, treating symptoms, such as dehydration, that occur as a result of the diarrhea. [toddlers-are-fun.com]
Diarrhea in Toddlers: It is not so possible to prevent toddlers from getting infections that cause diarrhea. [howhunter.com]