Presentation
Herein, we present intestinal obstruction as an extraordinary manifestation of acute TDI toxicity after occupational exposure. TDI toxicity may cause intestinal obstruction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pulmonary manifestations are the predominant signs and symptoms of acute TDI toxicity, but patients may present with ophthalmic, dermatological, and gastrointestinal manifestations as well. 3 Herein, we present an extraordinary manifestation of acute [theijoem.com]
The information presented for each chemical substance is concise yet thorough and does not require advanced training to comprehend. [books.google.com]
Other sources of sulfur may be present in, for example, in the overall production process and can strain the HCl gas stream. [google.mk]
Entire Body System
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Chills
Case Presentation A 16-year-old male who had been working in a sponge production factory since 18 months before, referred to our center with nausea, vomiting, periumbilical pain, fever and chills. [theijoem.com]
Chemical or hypersensitive pneumonia may occur with flu-like symptoms (e.g. fever, chills). Irritation of the lungs may occur. Exposure may also cause laryngitis, shortness of breath and headache. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
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Collapse
Abdominal CT showed disseminated dilatation of the intestinal loops, thickening of the ileal wall, and collapse of the distal colon reflecting a high probability of intestinal obstruction. The patient had a mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis. [theijoem.com]
Immune System
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Splenomegaly
Abdominal sonography revealed that the abdomen was full of gas; he had splenomegaly and gall stones. The intestinal loops were dilated and filled with fluid, which could be due to intestinal obstruction and/or ileus. [theijoem.com]
Respiratoric
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Cough
His illness was eventually complicated by productive cough, weakness, sweats, muscle aches, and shortness of breath. Ultimately, he died. [blogs.edf.org]
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
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Dyspnea
Students suffered eye and throat irritation, nausea, headache, vomiting, cough and dyspnea (shortness of breath), with nearly half of the exposed students complaining of at least four of those symptoms. [blogs.edf.org]
Exposure may cause an asthmatic reaction with wheezing, dyspnea and cough. Some decrease in lung function in the absence of symptoms has been observed after long periods of exposure. Eosinophilia has been reported. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
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Productive Cough
His illness was eventually complicated by productive cough, weakness, sweats, muscle aches, and shortness of breath. Ultimately, he died. [blogs.edf.org]
Gastrointestinal
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Vomiting
Case Presentation A 16-year-old male who had been working in a sponge production factory since 18 months before, referred to our center with nausea, vomiting, periumbilical pain, fever and chills. [theijoem.com]
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Gastrointestinal GI symptoms from inhalation and ingestion may result in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis. Hepatotoxicity manifests with ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and liver failure. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Inhalation may also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and breathing problems. In addition, skin contact can cause a rash commonly referred to as contact dermatitis. [cwa-union.org]
Students suffered eye and throat irritation, nausea, headache, vomiting, cough and dyspnea (shortness of breath), with nearly half of the exposed students complaining of at least four of those symptoms. [blogs.edf.org]
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Nausea
Case Presentation A 16-year-old male who had been working in a sponge production factory since 18 months before, referred to our center with nausea, vomiting, periumbilical pain, fever and chills. [theijoem.com]
Inhalation may also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and breathing problems. In addition, skin contact can cause a rash commonly referred to as contact dermatitis. [cwa-union.org]
Students suffered eye and throat irritation, nausea, headache, vomiting, cough and dyspnea (shortness of breath), with nearly half of the exposed students complaining of at least four of those symptoms. [blogs.edf.org]
Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Exposure may cause an asthmatic reaction with wheezing, dyspnea and cough. Some decrease in lung function in the absence of symptoms has been observed after long periods of exposure. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Gastrointestinal GI symptoms from inhalation and ingestion may result in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis. Hepatotoxicity manifests with ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and liver failure. [emedicine.medscape.com]
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Abdominal Pain
Soon after the exposure, he developed abdominal pain and diarrhea. Four days later (two days before admission), he developed constipation. [theijoem.com]
Gastrointestinal GI symptoms from inhalation and ingestion may result in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis. Hepatotoxicity manifests with ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and liver failure. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Inhalation may also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and breathing problems. In addition, skin contact can cause a rash commonly referred to as contact dermatitis. [cwa-union.org]
Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Exposure may cause an asthmatic reaction with wheezing, dyspnea and cough. Some decrease in lung function in the absence of symptoms has been observed after long periods of exposure. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
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Periumbilical Pain
Case Presentation A 16-year-old male who had been working in a sponge production factory since 18 months before, referred to our center with nausea, vomiting, periumbilical pain, fever and chills. [theijoem.com]
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Constipation
Four days later (two days before admission), he developed constipation. At presentation, the patient had an oral temperature of 36.8 C, blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg, pulse rate of 72 beats/min, and respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min. [theijoem.com]
Skin
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Eczema
Medical conditions aggravated by exposure to this compound include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial hyperactivity, skin allergies and eczema. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical is highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Eyes
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Burning Eyes
After briefly directing traffic at the accident scene, both officers received medical care for severe symptoms, including burning eyes, throat irritation, cough, chest tightness, and difficult breathing. [blogs.edf.org]
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Lacrimation
It is also a lacrimator. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Workup
Serum
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Hyponatremia
He had mild hyponatremia (serum sodium 131 mEq/L); other test results were within normal range. With highly suspicious diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, the patient underwent operative surgery. [theijoem.com]
Treatment
Uses at industrial sites This substance is used in the following products: coating products, photo-chemicals, non-metal-surface treatment products, water treatment chemicals and oil and gas exploration or production products. [echa.europa.eu]
treatment with phosgene to form TDI. [ipfs.io]
After this treatment, the affected worker(s) should contact her/his/their physician. If TDI is inhaled, the worker should be taken to fresh air and a doctor should be called immediately. Oxygen can be administered by trained personnel. [cwa-union.org]
Treatment included steroids and a bronchodilator. Both police officers developed a chronic bronchospastic disorder after their relatively brief exposure to high concentrations of TDI. [blogs.edf.org]
Prognosis
Prognosis Patients with toluene toxicity have a good prognosis if they receive appropriate counseling and follow-up and are compliant with recommendations. The prognosis is poor in patients who continue to abuse toluene. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Etiology
Although any of these could be considered the etiology of intestinal obstruction, we could not find any tumors, obvious intestinal adhesions, hernias, inflammatory bowel diseases, volvulus or intussusceptions in clinical and paraclinical evaluations and [theijoem.com]
In women with occupational exposure to toluene in the year of or the year before giving birth to a boy, the odds ratio for the child developing a testicular germ cell tumor was 1.67 (95% confidence index, 1.02-2.73). [7] Etiology Inhalation of airborne [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
[…] major books: (1) Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, (2) Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, (3) Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, (4) Anticholinesterase Pesticides: Metabolism, Neurotoxicity, and Epidemiology [books.google.com]
Although typically thought of as an activity of young males (most deaths occur in young males), epidemiologic studies more than 20 years ago showed more than 50% of chronic solvent abusers were females in their prime childbearing years. [14] A 2006 study [emedicine.medscape.com]
Public exposure to diisocyanates Despite overwhelming epidemiological evidence of the harms of diisocyanates to workers and bystanders, they continue to be used widely with little regulation. [blogs.edf.org]
«Carcinogenic risk of toluene diisocyanate and 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate : epidemiological and experimental evidence.» Critical Reviews in Toxicology. Vol. 31, no. 6, p. 737-772. (2001). 46. [csst.qc.ca]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Toluene is highly lipophilic, so it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which accounts for its primary effects on the central nervous system (CNS). [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has several suggestions for workers looking to protect themselves from toxins. They include: Substitution. [mhkattorneys.com]
Several cases of occupational and bystander diisocyanate exposure and consequent detrimental effects are detailed in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) publication on “ Preventing Asthma and Death from Diisocyanate Exposure .” [blogs.edf.org]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CNN Allport, D. C.; Gilbert, D. S.; Outterside, S. M., eds. (2003). MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment: A Source Book and Practical Guide. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-95812-3. [ipfs.io]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CNN [1] Allport, D. C.; Gilbert, D. S.; Outterside, S. M., eds. (2003). MDI and TDI: Safety, Health and the Environment: A Source Book and Practical Guide. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-95812-3. [en.wikipedia.org]
Where TDI is used and the employer is unable to prevent CWA members from being exposed to harmful levels (even after implementing engineering and administrative controls), the employer must provide the workers with the appropriate personal protective [cwa-union.org]