PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of furosemide and torsemide before and after diuresis in patients presenting with marked fluid overload. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing these bumetanide, furosemide, piretanide, azosemide, and torsemide analogs and methods for their use. [data.epo.org]

[…] effect is obtained by increasing urine output and hence, facilitating fluid, acid-base and potassium control. 2 This effect is obtained by the increase in the excretion of urinary sodium and chloride. 3 Several reports have indicated that torasemide presents [drugbank.ca]

• Swelling

  Marka(lar): Dytor Üreticiler: Cipla Hastalıklar: Hypertension / Swelling En popüler miktar. Wikipedia info Aynı kategoriden ürünler [pharmacy.phoneboss.net]

  It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. [indiamart.com]

  However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching /swelling (especially of the face/ tongue /throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. [webmd.com]

  It can be used to treat swelling and edema (fluid retention) in patients with congestive heart failure, liver disease or kidney disorders such as nephritic syndrome. [pharmacygeoff.md]

  Examples include increased levels of uric acid leading to gout or kidney problems, high blood sugar levels, low potassium, numbness and swelling of the limbs. This list is not complete, and other side effects may also occur. [unitedpharmacies-uk.md]

• Weakness

  Lasix may cause such unwished events – low blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, collapse, tachycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, headaches, pain in legs, lethargy, overall weakness, drowsiness, confusion, difficulties with visual and hearing, bad of [lasixmedication.net]

  weak pulse wrinkled skin Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. [mayoclinic.org]

  Common side effects include: dizziness runny nose weakness diarrhea faintness arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) fatigue muscle weakness or spasm constipation chest or joint pain nausea nervousness or restlessness This is not a complete list of torsemide [rxwiki.com]

  […] or cramps unusually weak or tired vomiting or diarrhea Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome): dizzy or lightheaded headache increased thirst sexual [my.clevelandclinic.org]

• Fatigue

  Torsemide has infrequent, mild, and transient adverse effects; among the most common are orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, dizziness, and nervousness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Side effects may be hypokalemia, hypernatremia, dehydration, hypovolemic, hypotension, allergic reaction, fatigue, muscle cramps etc. [freee-study.blogspot.com]

  Symptoms include yellowing of the skin (jaundice), itching, and fatigue. [medicinenet.com]

  Common side effects include: dizziness runny nose weakness diarrhea faintness arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) fatigue muscle weakness or spasm constipation chest or joint pain nausea nervousness or restlessness This is not a complete list of torsemide [rxwiki.com]

• Weight Loss

  The initial doses of diuretics were increased every 3 days up to 60, 120 and 400 mg/day, respectively, if the body weight loss was less than 300 g/day or natriuresis was below 50 mEq/day. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Some of the serious side effects of Torasemide include dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, rapid or excessive weight loss, vomiting blood, chest pain, difficulty breathing or swallowing, blisters or peeling skin, hives, rash, and itching. [1mg.com]

  […] in the ears Loss of appetite or rapid weight loss Red, swollen, or blistered skin Unusual bleeding or bruising Pain that begins in the stomach area, but may spread to the back Restlessness Unusual weakness or fatigue Muscle cramps Rectal bleeding Vomiting [topcanadianpharmacy.org]

  Finally, if you experience rapid weight loss, fever, cough, ringing in your ears, bleeding or unusual bruising, contact your doctor right away. If you have an allergy to sulfa drugs, you should be aware that many diuretics have sulfa in them. [verywell.com]

• Fever

  If you also take cholestyramine, do not take it within 4 hours before or after taking torsemide. may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. [nurseteachings.com]

  Torsemide may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. [getmedsonline.org]

  Chest pain Rapid or irregular heartbeat Signs of an allergic reaction (may include hives, rash, itching, chest tightness, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat) Diarrhea Fever, chills, or a sore throat that doesn’t go away Hearing loss or ringing [topcanadianpharmacy.org]

  Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible: allergic reactions such as skin rash or itching, hives, swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, or throat blood in urine or stools dry mouth fever or chills [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  […] loosening of the skin bloating burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings chills constipation darkened urine decrease in frequency of urination decrease in urine volume difficulty in passing urine (dribbling) fever [mayoclinic.org]

• Cough

  Tell your pharmacist about the products you're using and how to use them safely (especially cough and cold remedies, diet supplements, or NSAIDs like ibuprofen/naproxen). [medicoverhospitals.in]

  Dizziness or lightheadedness when standing or sitting up Nausea Excessive urination Constipation Coughing Headache Nasal inflammation The above are higher probability side effects, but their usually minor in nature. [topcanadianpharmacy.org]

  These include cough or cold drugs, diet pills, stimulants, ibuprofen or like products, and some natural products or aids. This medicine is a strong fluid-lowering drug (diuretic). [drugs.com]

  Excessive urination Headache Dizziness Altered electrolyte levels in the blood Chest pain Diarrhea Running nose (rhinitis) ECG abnormalities Muscle pain (myalgia) & joint pains (arthralgia) Nausea or vomiting Indigestion (dyspepsia) Skin rash Increased cough [pharmeasy.in]

  […] following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: More common Increase in urination Less common Acid or sour stomach belching difficulty having a bowel movement (stool) difficulty in moving heartburn increased cough [mayoclinic.org]

• Dyspnea

  Also monitor signs of pulmonary edema such as dyspnea and rales/crackles (See Appendix K). Document whether peripheral and pulmonary symptoms are controlled adequately by diuretic therapy. [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  The 2 primary end points were a composite end point of all-cause mortality or HF readmission up to 30 days after randomization and the change in early dyspnea relief after study drug initiation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  No significant difference was observed in either systolic or diastolic echocardiographic parameters, or dyspnea between these patient groups. [doi.org]

• Hoarseness

  […] related to a very bad side effect: Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness [drugs.com]

• Dyspepsia

  Adverse Effects Torsemide may induce such adverse effects – hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, confusion, headaches, convulsions, muscle weakness, heart rhythm disorders, dyspepsia, orthostatic hypotension, abnormal decrease of blood pressure, arrhythmia [lasixmedication.net]

  GI: constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting. GU: excessive urination. Derm: photosensitivity, rash. Endo: hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia. [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  […] side effects of this drug are: Excessive urination Headache Dizziness Altered electrolyte levels in the blood Chest pain Diarrhea Running nose (rhinitis) ECG abnormalities Muscle pain (myalgia) & joint pains (arthralgia) Nausea or vomiting Indigestion (dyspepsia [pharmeasy.in]

  headache, asthenia, insomnia, nervousness, syncope CV: hypotension, ECG changes, chest pain, volume depletion, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, shunt thrombosis EENT: rhinitis, sore throat GI: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The most common adverse effects were dizziness, headache, nausea, weakness, vomiting, hyperglycemia, excessive urination, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, excessive thirst, hypovolemia, impotence, esophageal hemorrhage, and dyspepsia. [rxnigeria.com]

• Tachycardia

  Lasix may cause such unwished events – low blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, collapse, tachycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, headaches, pain in legs, lethargy, overall weakness, drowsiness, confusion, difficulties with visual and hearing, bad of [lasixmedication.net]

  Adverse reactions CNS: dizziness, headache, asthenia, insomnia, nervousness, syncope CV: hypotension, ECG changes, chest pain, volume depletion, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, shunt thrombosis EENT: rhinitis, sore throat GI: nausea, diarrhea [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Patients on torsemide and Lasix should be monitored for signs and symptoms such as dry mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, muscle pain and cramps, hypotension, and tachycardia (increased heart rate). [singlecare.com]

  On the other hand, the major manifestations of wet beriberi are tachycardia, cardiomegaly, high-output heart failure, and pedal edema, in addition to neuropathy. [doi.org]

  Electrolyte, and Cardiovascular Effects Observe carefully for manifestations of fluid and electrolyte depletion (e.g., dryness of mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, muscle pains or cramps, muscular fatigue, hypotension, oliguria, tachycardia [drugs.com]

• Xerostomia

  […] arthralgia / Delayed / 1.8-1.8 pharyngitis / Delayed / 1.6-1.6 dyspepsia / Early / 1.6-1.6 myalgia / Early / 1.6-1.6 insomnia / Early / 1.2-1.2 anxiety / Delayed / 1.1-1.1 vomiting / Early / Incidence not known syncope / Early / Incidence not known xerostomia [pdr.net]

• Tinnitus

  […] headaches, convulsions, muscle weakness, heart rhythm disorders, dyspepsia, orthostatic hypotension, abnormal decrease of blood pressure, arrhythmia, tachycardia, decreased blood volume, decreased potency, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, enhanced liver enzymes, tinnitus [lasixmedication.net]

  Excessive or increased urination Headache Impotence Indigestion/heartburn Insomnia Joint pain Nausea Nervousness Runny or stuffy nose Stomach upset Less common side effects of torsemide include: Dizziness on standing Ear damage (ringing in the ears [tinnitus [rxlist.com]

• Hearing Problem

  The chance may be higher if you have kidney problems or if you take high doses of this drug. Call your doctor right away if you have hearing problems like hearing loss. What are some other side effects of this drug? All drugs may cause side effects. [mskcc.org]

  Call your doctor right away if you have hearing problems like hearing loss. What are some other side effects of Torsemide Tablets? All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. [drugs.com]

  Check with your doctor right away if you have a sudden decrease in hearing or loss of hearing. You may also have dizziness or ringing in the ears. [mayoclinic.org]

• Dry Eyes

  […] mouth, dry eyes, or very bad upset stomach or throwing up. [drugs.com]

  […] mouth, dry eyes, or severe upset stomach or throwing up. [mskcc.org]

• Skin Rash

  Symptoms usually associated with such a reaction include difficulty breathing or swallowing, chest tightness, swelling, skin rashes, and hives. Dytor is not always suitable for all patients. [pharmacygeoff.md]

  Symptoms to watch for, which may be indicative of a reaction, include skin rashes, hives, swelling of the face or limbs, trouble breathing, and trouble swallowing. Always use Dytor (Torsemide) as you have been prescribed by your doctor. [unitedpharmacies-uk.md]

  Skin: Rash, pruritus. Body as a Whole: Muscle cramps, rhinitis. INTERACTIONS Drug: NSAID s may reduce diuretic effects. [drugsguidehombar.blogspot.com]

  Side effects of potassium sparing diuretic are drowsiness, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, skin rashes, nausea, and vomiting, abdominal distension. Other than diuretic, it also gives in edema & hypertension. [freee-study.blogspot.com]

• Blister

  Nagpur, Maharashtra TrustSEAL VerifiedVerified Exporter Torsemide 10 Mg, Medigen Life Sciences, Blister ₹ 45/ Strip Get Latest Price Packaging Size: BLISTER Brand: RENCUT 10 MG Manufacturer: Medigen Life Sciences Composition: RENCUT 10 mg Tablet belongs [dir.indiamart.com]

  Some of the serious side effects of Torasemide include dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, rapid or excessive weight loss, vomiting blood, chest pain, difficulty breathing or swallowing, blisters or peeling skin, hives, rash, and itching. [1mg.com]

  […] include hives, rash, itching, chest tightness, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat) Diarrhea Fever, chills, or a sore throat that doesn’t go away Hearing loss or ringing in the ears Loss of appetite or rapid weight loss Red, swollen, or blistered [topcanadianpharmacy.org]

  […] trouble breathing unusual tiredness or weakness Rare Black, tarry stools dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a suddenly sitting or lying position ringing or buzzing in the ears or any hearing loss skin rash Incidence not known Blistering [mayoclinic.org]

  Torasemide tablets are supplied in blister packs of 30 tablets. [drugs.com]

• Sweating

  This includes vomiting, diarrhea, or heavy sweating. Call your doctor if you are sick with vomiting or diarrhea. Your condition may be treated with a combination of drugs. Use all medications as directed by your doctor. [everydayhealth.com]

  Increased sweating will cause fluid and electrolyte loss, and may exaggerate metabolic acidosis and diuretic side effects (dizziness, muscle cramps, and so forth). [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  Call your doctor if you have ongoing vomiting or diarrhea, or if you are sweating more than usual. You can easily become dehydrated while taking this medicine, which can lead to severely low blood pressure or a serious electrolyte imbalance. [advancedurologicassociates.com]

  […] the following symptoms of overdose occur: Symptoms of overdose Blurred vision coma confusion decreased urine output dizziness drowsiness fainting fast heartbeat headache increase in heart rate irritability lightheadedness rapid breathing sunken eyes sweating [mayoclinic.org]

• Flushing

  Be alert for signs of hyperglycemia, including confusion, drowsiness, flushed/dry skin, fruit-like breath odor, rapid/deep breathing, polyuria, loss of appetite, and unusual thirst. [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  Signs of high blood sugar like confusion, feeling sleepy, more thirst, more hungry, passing urine more often, flushing, fast breathing, or breath that smells like fruit. [drugs.com]

  Signs of high blood sugar like confusion, feeling sleepy, unusual thirst or hunger, passing urine more often, flushing, fast breathing, or breath that smells like fruit. [mskcc.org]

  • Flush I.V. line with normal saline solution before and after administering. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. [nlm.nih.gov]

• Pruritus

  Skin: Rash, pruritus. Body as a Whole: Muscle cramps, rhinitis. INTERACTIONS Drug: NSAID s may reduce diuretic effects. [drugsguidehombar.blogspot.com]

  Pruritus, Exanthema), Photosensitivity reaction Frequency not known: Serious skin reactions (e.g. [drugs.com]

  Although other adverse reactions, including pruritus, paraesthesia and chest pain have been noted after 48 weeks’ therapy with torasemide 2.5 to 5 mg/day, these are rare, and withdrawal from treatment due to torasemide-related drug reactions is seldom [doi.org]

• Myalgia

  MS: arthralgia, muscle cramps, myalgia. Misc: increased BUN. [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  […] kidney or liver disease Side effects of Torasemide / Torsemide Common side effects of this drug are: Excessive urination Headache Dizziness Altered electrolyte levels in the blood Chest pain Diarrhea Running nose (rhinitis) ECG abnormalities Muscle pain (myalgia [pharmeasy.in]

  […] shunt thrombosis EENT: rhinitis, sore throat GI: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, rectal bleeding, GI hemorrhage GU: excessive urination Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia Musculoskeletal: joint pain, myalgia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  No n/a Diarrhea Yes 2.0 Yes Not reported ECG abnormality Yes 2.0 No n/a Cough increase Yes 2.0 No n/a Constipation Yes 1.8 Yes Not reported Nausea Yes 1.8 Yes Not reported Arthralgia Yes 1.8 No n/a Dyspepsia Yes 1.6 No n/a Sore throat Yes 1.6 No n/a Myalgia [singlecare.com]

  […] rhinitis / Early / 2.8-2.8 dizziness / Early / 2.3-2.3 cough / Delayed / 2.0-2.0 diarrhea / Early / 2.0-2.0 asthenia / Delayed / 2.0-2.0 nausea / Early / 1.8-1.8 arthralgia / Delayed / 1.8-1.8 pharyngitis / Delayed / 1.6-1.6 dyspepsia / Early / 1.6-1.6 myalgia [pdr.net]

• Dizziness

  Report low blood pressure (hypotension), especially if patient experiences dizziness or syncope. [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  To reduce the risk of dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position. [webmd.com]

  This prescription has the ability to make you dizzy. You can get dizzy if you ingest alcohol or marijuana (cannabis). [medicoverhospitals.in]

• Confusion

  Lasix may cause such unwished events – low blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, collapse, tachycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, headaches, pain in legs, lethargy, overall weakness, drowsiness, confusion, difficulties with visual and hearing, bad of [lasixmedication.net]

  Tell your doctor right away if you have any of these unlikely but serious side effects: muscle cramps, weakness, unusual tiredness, confusion, severe dizziness, fainting, drowsiness, unusual dry mouth /thirst, nausea, vomiting, fast/irregular heartbeat [webmd.com]

  If you pass out, have seizures, weakness or confusion, or have trouble breathing, call 911. If you think that you or anyone else may have taken too much of this medicine, call the poison control center. [hhma.org]

  […] effects Patients using Dytor may encounter unwanted side effects such as: Dizziness Headaches Nausea Upset stomach Vomiting Dry mouth Contact a doctor immediately should side effects persist or encounter more severe side effects such as: Dehydration Confusion [pharmacygeoff.md]

  Be alert for signs of hyperglycemia, including confusion, drowsiness, flushed/dry skin, fruit-like breath odor, rapid/deep breathing, polyuria, loss of appetite, and unusual thirst. [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

• Seizure

  Febrile Seizures Febrile seizures, or convulsions caused by fever, can be frightening in small children or infants. However, in general, febrile seizures are harmless. Febrile seizure is not epilepsy. [medicinenet.com]

  Huntington's Disease, insomnia, ischemia, migraine, migraine with aura, neuropathic pain, nociceptive neuralgia, nociceptive pain, ocular diseases, pain, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, postherpetic neuralgia, psychosis, schizophrenia, seizure [data.epo.org]

  PHYSICAL THERAPY IMPLICATIONS Examination and Evaluation Monitor signs of metabolic acidosis, including headache, lethargy, stupor, seizures, vision disturbances, increased respiration, cardiac arrhythmias, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain [fadavispt.mhmedical.com]

  […] unlikely but serious symptoms of dehydration or mineral loss: muscle cramps or weakness, confusion, severe dizziness, drowsiness, unusual dry mouth or thirst, nausea or vomiting, fast/irregular heartbeat, unusual decrease in the amount of urine, fainting, seizures [unitedpharmacies.md]

  Metolazone) Muscle relaxants (Succinylcholine, Tubocurarine) Propanolol (used to treat heart disorders) Hydantoins (used to treat seizures, e.g. Phenytoin) Interactions with food items Efficacy may be reduced when taken close to a meal. [pharmeasy.in]

• Asthenia

  Adverse reactions CNS: dizziness, headache, asthenia, insomnia, nervousness, syncope CV: hypotension, ECG changes, chest pain, volume depletion, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, shunt thrombosis EENT: rhinitis, sore throat GI: nausea, diarrhea [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] connective tissue disorders Common: Muscle spasms Renal and urinary disorders Uncommon: Urinary retention, Bladder dilatation Rare: Blood urea increased, Blood creatinine increased General disorders and administration site conditions Common: Fatigue, Asthenia [drugs.com]

  Frequency Headache Yes 7.3 Yes Not reported Excessive urination Yes 6.7 Yes Not reported Dizziness Yes 3.2 Yes Not reported Rhinitis Yes 2.8 No n/a Asthenia Yes 2.0 No n/a Diarrhea Yes 2.0 Yes Not reported ECG abnormality Yes 2.0 No n/a Cough increase [singlecare.com]

  […] leukopenia / Delayed / Incidence not known thrombocytopenia / Delayed / Incidence not known Mild headache / Early / 7.3-7.3 polyuria / Early / 6.7-6.7 rhinitis / Early / 2.8-2.8 dizziness / Early / 2.3-2.3 cough / Delayed / 2.0-2.0 diarrhea / Early / 2.0-2.0 asthenia [pdr.net]

• Irritability

  […] frequency of urination decrease in urine volume difficulty in passing urine (dribbling) fever indigestion itching joint or muscle pain painful or difficult urination pains in the stomach, side, or abdomen, possibly radiating to the back pale skin red irritated [mayoclinic.org]

  • Most common side effect is an irritating dry cough. [consumerreports.org]

  […] loss skin rash Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur: Symptoms of overdose Blurred vision coma confusion decreased urine output dizziness drowsiness fainting fast heartbeat headache increase in heart rate irritability [drugs.com]

• Urinary Retention

  Fentanyl may also lead to acute urinary retention by causing bladder sphincter spasm (particularly in men with enlarged prostates). flurbiprofen flurbiprofen increases and torsemide decreases serum potassium. [reference.medscape.com]

  retention This document does not contain all possible side effects and others may occur. [rxlist.com]

• Uremia

  Plasma binding and disposition of furosemide in the nephrotic syndrome and in uremia. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978;24:199–207. PubMed Google Scholar 12. Brater DC, Anderson SA, Brown-Cartwright D. [link.springer.com]

After investigators obtained informed consent, patients were enrolled, randomized to either treatment, and followed for 6 months. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology: 1993 Torasemide in the Treatment of Arterial Hypertension: PDF Only Abstract Summary: An important role for diuretics in the treatment of hypertension is assured on the basis of the latest randomized, prospective [journals.lww.com]

Hospitalisation costs due to CHF decreased by 86% during the 11.2-month period of torasemide treatment, compared with the 6-month period prior to treatment, in a US retrospective study assessing medical and pharmacy claims data. [dx.doi.org]

Treatment, prognosis, and life-expectancy for a person with congestive heart failure depends upon the stage of the disease. [medicinenet.com]

Epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure. Heart 2000 May; 83: 596–602 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 37. Rydén-Bergsten T, Andersson F. The health care costs of heart failure in Sweden. [dx.doi.org]

The potential role of NT-proBNP in screening for and predicting prognosis in heart failure: a survival analysis. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e004675. [trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Sensitivity analyses excluding trials with a follow-up Keywords Heart failure Loop diuretics Mortality Prognosis Network meta-analysis This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. [doi.org]

Cardiology records confirmed the absence of fluid and heart failure status changes; therefore, these were ruled out as potential etiologies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology and management of postpartum hypertension-preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:470–5. Cited Here 2. Wallis AB, Saftlas AF, Hsia J, Atrash HK. [journals.lww.com]

Incidence, clinical and etiologic features, and outcomes of advanced chronic heart failure: the EPICAL Study. Epidemiologie de l’Insuffisance Cardiaque Avancee en Lorraine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999 Mar; 33: 734–42 Google Scholar 46. [dx.doi.org]

Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:2D–8D. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 3. Anter E, Jessup M, Callans DJ. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure. Heart 2000 May; 83: 596–602 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 37. Rydén-Bergsten T, Andersson F. The health care costs of heart failure in Sweden. [dx.doi.org]

[…] contemporary management of HFpEF remains devoid of evidence-based therapy, with treatment limited to the optimization of co-morbidities and use of diuretics to manage congestion.3 This lack of proven therapy is particularly alarming in the face of current epidemiologic [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomized trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiologic studies. BMJ. 2009 ;338: b1665. [doi.org]

Given the unmet therapeutic need, HFpEF research has continued to focus on understanding the pathophysiology of the condition and identifying potential targets for therapy. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:2D–8D. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 3. Anter E, Jessup M, Callans DJ. [link.springer.com]

Role of excess volume in the pathophysiology of hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2003; 64:1772–1779.CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar 5 Wilcox CS. Metabolic and adverse effects of diuretics. [ahajournals.org]

Role of excess volume in the pathophysiology of hypertension in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2003 ; 64:1772–1779. Crossref Medline Google Scholar 5 Wilcox CS. Metabolic and adverse effects of diuretics. Semin Nephrol. 1999 ; 19:557–568. [jaha.ahajournals.org]

Pathophysiology and treatment of ascites and the hepatorenal syndrome. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1992; 6: 581–607 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 85. Gentilini P, Laffi G, La Villa G, et al. [doi.org]

and a low ASCVD risk (10-year risk 1200 For secondary prevention in adults with known cardiovascular disease or for primary prevention in those at higher risk for ASCVD (10-year risk ≥10%), ACC/AHA recommend initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy [drugs.com]

Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. [indiamart.com]

The substantial nonrenal clearance of torsemide prevents accumulation in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is recommended to take the tablets no later than mid-afternoon to prevent having to wake up in the middle of the night to urinate. [pharmacygeoff.md]