The main results obtained are (i) only triglycerides and aniline are required to produce PAP esters, thus eliminating the possibility that unknown activators present in the deodorization tank were required for toxification of the oil; (ii) PAP and PAP [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Musculoskeletal Pain

  Its most prominent clinical features were muscle cramps, chronic musculoskeletal pain, chronic lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, carpal tunnel syndrome, and psychologic disturbances. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Skin Tenderness

  During the intermediate phase (second to fourth months), severe myalgia, skin tenderness, subcutaneous edema, altered liver function, and pulmonary hypertension developed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Suggestibility

  Further, a candidate etiologic agent for EMS, 3-(phenylamino)alanine, is chemically similar to the aniline derivative identified in samples of oil implicated in TOS, 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol, suggesting pathogenic overlap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  Patients typically presented initially with nonproductive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, headache, fever and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Though the symptoms initially resembled a lung infection, antibiotics were ineffective [1]. [strangesyndromes.blogspot.com]

• HLA-DR2

  Furthermore, HLA-DR2 was increased in patients dead because of TOS. Th2 activation and eosinophilia implicated immunological mechanisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Research into the etiologic agents, preferred treatments, and ways to avoid similar problems in the future is needed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TOS was the leading cause of death among subjects CONCLUSIONS: The major clinical manifestations showed worse prognosis for overall and TOS-related mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis In most patients, there was slow improvement after stopping their use of L-TRP products; most patients reported improvement two years after onset of EMS. [patient.info]

When PHT becomes observable it is already advanced; 15 ,16 and d) PHT is a severe condition and therapeutic interventions modify the prognosis. 15 ,16 Given these circumstances, and the fact that patients with TOS are affected by a new syndrome whose [revespcardiol.org]

This finding is the first reported chemical link between TOS and EMS and suggests that these two related diseases share a common etiology, namely, PAA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An analysis of the epidemiological evidence available on TOS is carried out in this paper, in an attempt to elucidate the aetiological role of the purported toxic oil. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pathophysiology is not well understood. [patient.info]

The exact pathophysiology of EMS remains unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Clinical features in 20 patients and aspects of pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:124-134. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2360751 Hertzman PA, Blevins WL, Mayer J, et al. [rarediseases.org]

Clearly, developing an understanding of causative agents will be essential for the development of strategies for therapy, if not prevention, of these health problems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As this did not entirely prevent the possibility of the commission reaching inconvenient conclusions, it was soon closed down altogether. [guardian.co.uk]

In the uncertainty prevailing at the time, these investigations - which some epidemiologists might consider crude - were carried out with a zeal and commitment reminiscent of John Snow’s search for clues to prevent the spread of cholera in London in the [helid.digicollection.org]