Presentation
The main results obtained are (i) only triglycerides and aniline are required to produce PAP esters, thus eliminating the possibility that unknown activators present in the deodorization tank were required for toxification of the oil; (ii) PAP and PAP [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Hypoxemia
The initial onset of illness was usually acute, and patients presented primarily with a respiratory syndrome involving cough, fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The most frequent category was suspected PHT due to hypoxemia and/or reduction of the DL CO (in the absence of another pulmonary condition that might account for the findings). [revespcardiol.org]
Respiratoric
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Pleural Effusion
The initial onset of illness was usually acute, and patients presented primarily with a respiratory syndrome involving cough, fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Musculoskeletal
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Musculoskeletal Pain
Its most prominent clinical features were muscle cramps, chronic musculoskeletal pain, chronic lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, carpal tunnel syndrome, and psychologic disturbances. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Skin
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Skin Tenderness
During the intermediate phase (second to fourth months), severe myalgia, skin tenderness, subcutaneous edema, altered liver function, and pulmonary hypertension developed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatrical
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Suggestibility
Further, a candidate etiologic agent for EMS, 3-(phenylamino)alanine, is chemically similar to the aniline derivative identified in samples of oil implicated in TOS, 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol, suggesting pathogenic overlap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
X-Ray
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Pulmonary Infiltrate
Patients typically presented initially with nonproductive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, headache, fever and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Though the symptoms initially resembled a lung infection, antibiotics were ineffective [1]. [strangesyndromes.blogspot.com]
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Bilateral Pulmonary Infiltrate
Patients typically presented initially with nonproductive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, headache, fever and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Though the symptoms initially resembled a lung infection, antibiotics were ineffective [1]. [strangesyndromes.blogspot.com]
Pleura
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Pleural Effusion
The initial onset of illness was usually acute, and patients presented primarily with a respiratory syndrome involving cough, fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
HLA Type
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HLA-DR2
Furthermore, HLA-DR2 was increased in patients dead because of TOS. Th2 activation and eosinophilia implicated immunological mechanisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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HLA-DR4
Frequencies of HLA-A24 and HLA-DR4-DQ8 are increased and that of HLA-B blank is decreased in chronic toxic oil syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Research into the etiologic agents, preferred treatments, and ways to avoid similar problems in the future is needed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
TOS was the leading cause of death among subjects CONCLUSIONS: The major clinical manifestations showed worse prognosis for overall and TOS-related mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis In most patients, there was slow improvement after stopping their use of L-TRP products; most patients reported improvement two years after onset of EMS. [patient.info]
When PHT becomes observable it is already advanced; 15 ,16 and d) PHT is a severe condition and therapeutic interventions modify the prognosis. 15 ,16 Given these circumstances, and the fact that patients with TOS are affected by a new syndrome whose [revespcardiol.org]
Etiology
This finding is the first reported chemical link between TOS and EMS and suggests that these two related diseases share a common etiology, namely, PAA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
An analysis of the epidemiological evidence available on TOS is carried out in this paper, in an attempt to elucidate the aetiological role of the purported toxic oil. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology is not well understood. [patient.info]
The exact pathophysiology of EMS remains unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Clinical features in 20 patients and aspects of pathophysiology. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:124-134. Hertzman PA, Blevins WL, Mayer J, et al. Association of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with the ingestion of tryptophan. [rarediseases.org]
Prevention
Clearly, developing an understanding of causative agents will be essential for the development of strategies for therapy, if not prevention, of these health problems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
As this did not entirely prevent the possibility of the commission reaching inconvenient conclusions, it was soon closed down altogether. [guardian.co.uk]
In the uncertainty prevailing at the time, these investigations - which some epidemiologists might consider crude - were carried out with a zeal and commitment reminiscent of John Snow’s search for clues to prevent the spread of cholera in London in the [helid.digicollection.org]