A 77-year-old woman who presented with a two-month history of dysphasia. A. [e-ultrasonography.org]

The book presents a comprehensive overview of the various disease processes affecting the chest and related abnormalities. [books.google.com]

Mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy may be present on CT. [arthritisresearch.us]

[…] be present Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome) Diffuse Increased tracheal diameter (>3 cm), tracheal wall normal or appears scalloped, tracheal diverticula Cystic bronchiectasis often present; COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, Marfan’s syndrome, cystic [radiologykey.com]

• Collapse

  He had no calcifications in the nose or pinna, and no peripheral bronchial changes were noted, although the central bronchi were sufficiently involved to cause lobar collapse. [ajnr.org]

  2015/16 ICD-10-CM J39.8 Other specified diseases of upper respiratory tract Or: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM J98.09 Other diseases of bronchus, not elsewhere classified Approximate Synonyms Acquired bronchial stenosis Acquired bronchomalacia Acquired tracheal collapse [icd9data.com]

  Expiratory CT shows sig-nifi cant collapse of the tracheal lumen compared with an inspiratory scan. 55. [slideshare.net]

  Stents can be applied endoscopically to maintain tracheal patency across focally collapsed segments. [jtd.amegroups.com]

  Similar to allergic asthma in humans. bronchial hypoplasia swollen spongy tissue or cystic, lobulated tissue replaces lobes of normal lung tissue because of the impediment to air flow caused by dilated or collapsed hypoplastic bronchi; probably the basic [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Hodgkin Lymphoma

  Two-stage tracheal reconstruction of primary tracheal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with nitinol mesh stent and cervical myocutaneous flap. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Mar. 85 (3):e17-9. [Medline]. He J, Xu X, Chen M, Li S, Yin W, Wang S, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Recurrent Inflammation

  Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent inflammation and eventual destruction of cartilage throughout the body. [ajnr.org]

• Gangrene

  10-CM Diagnosis Code J06.9 Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Upper respiratory disease, acute Upper respiratory infection NOS chronic J39.8 Necrosis, necrotic (ischemic) - see also Gangrene [icd10data.com]

• Sore Throat

  […] membrane muscles museum nature neck nitrate of silver nose nostrils noticed observed occasionally occurred oedema pain palate Pathological patient pharynx phthisis polypus posterior present produced result rhinoscope right side SECTION seen sometimes sore [books.google.de]

• Heart Disease

  He was a known case of rheumatic heart disease with mitral regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. He had been on oral warfarin 5 mg once daily for the past 5 years for stroke prophylaxis. [indjvascsurg.org]

  Giant LA is always the result of rheumatic heart disease. [circ.ahajournals.org]

• Skin Disease

  Clinical manifestations include auricular chondritis, arthritis, nasal chrondritis, ocular inflammation, respiratory tract involvement, audiovestibular damage, cardiovascular involvement, and skin disease. [arthritisresearch.us]

• Epistaxis

  […] necrosis, dermatitis, bullous eruptions, urticaria, pruritus [ Ref ] Musculoskeletal Frequency not reported : Tissue necrosis, chills [ Ref ] Metabolic Frequency not reported : Calciphylaxis, edema [ Ref ] Respiratory Frequency not reported : Hemothorax, epistaxis [drugs.com]

  These criteria are: • Patient-reported recurrent epistaxis or episodic anosmia; • Physician-documented nasal purulence, nasal crusting, chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airway • Two or more sinus surgeries If a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis [omicsonline.org]

• Asthenia

  […] hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, cholestatic hepatic injury, liver enzymes elevated [ Ref ] Immunologic Frequency not reported : Hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, anaphylactic reactions [ Ref ] Other Frequency not reported : Fever, fatigue, malaise, asthenia [drugs.com]

  Diagnosis Code R55 Syncope and collapse 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Blackout Fainting Vasovagal attack Type 1 Excludes cardiogenic shock ( R57.0 ) carotid sinus syncope ( G90.01 ) heat syncope ( T67.1 ) neurocirculatory asthenia [icd10data.com]

• Kidney Failure

  This may interfere with the working of the kidney causing a build up of toxins in the blood (kidney failure) or it may cause high blood pressure (hypertension). [cirse.org]

Our article will briefly describe tracheal and bronchial stenoses and other obstructive conditions, presenting an overview of their diagnostic workup. [jtd.amegroups.com]

The gold standard for diagnosis is flexible bronchoscopy; however, because patients present with nonspecific symptoms ranging from cough to complete airway obstruction, imaging is often obtained as part of the initial workup. 18 The CT appearance of papillomatosis [appliedradiology.com]

Approaches to Primary Tracheal Cancer; Carinal Resection and Sleeve Pneumonectomy; Extended Tracheal Resections; Airway Transplantation; Management of Postoperative Complications; and Treatment of Trachea-esophageal Fistula. [books.google.com]

[…] true vocal cords tube tumour ulceration upper uvula velum voice whilst whisper windpipe Bibliografische Informationen Titel On Diseases of the Throat and Windpipe, as Reflected by the Laryngoscope: A Complete Manual Upon Their Diagnosis and Treatment [books.google.de]

Treatments There are several options for treating tracheal tumors. Some treatments are for cure and some are aimed at reducing symptoms. [cedars-sinai.edu]

Treatment and prognosis No management is necessary. tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) References Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

Surgical resection is the mode of treatment with the best hope for cure. Radiotherapy can be offered if the patient cannot tolerate surgical treatment. Chemotherapy can also be given after initial treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, or both. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment and prognosis No management is necessary. tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) References Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

You can help by adding to it. ( July 2017 ) Treatment and prognosis [ edit ] Treatment is symptomatic, often addressing indicators associated with peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. [en.wikipedia.org]

Although PTL may grow suddenly and be life-threatening due to airway obstruction, early detection and diagnosis of it followed by appropriate treatment can lead to favorable prognosis [ 6 ]. [e-ultrasonography.org]

Prognosis Median survival for all patients after diagnosis of malignant tracheal tumors is 6 months, but survival time varies widely, depending on the histologic type of the tumor. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In general, respiratory involvement portends a worse prognosis because the cause of death is related to respiratory failure in almost half of all reported cases ( 1 ). [ajnr.org]

The etiology of this syndrome remains obscure. To our knowledge this is the third such case to be reported in the medical literature. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

The most common etiology is COPD. [appliedradiology.com]

Apart from squamous papillomas, which have been associated with viral infection, no consistent etiology has been found. Smoking is a known risk factor. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Conclusion In conclusion, this is the first report on an eggshell calcification in intrathyroidal hemorrhage with unknown etiology. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Clinicoradiological correlation can identify the etiology of tracheobronchial calcification in most cases. Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica (TPO) is one of the rare causes of tracheobronchial calcification. [omicsonline.org]

Background Tracheal neoplasms occur infrequently, accounting for fewer than 1% of all malignancies. [1, 2] According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 1973-2004 database, primary carcinomas of the [emedicine.medscape.com]

In this article the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, radiographic findings and management is discussed. The majority of patients with small joint osteoarthritis respond well to non surgical treatments. [edoc.co.za]

Pathophysiology The tracheal mucosa is columnar and ciliated. It is closely apposed to the tracheal cartilages and to the interannular tissues between them. Mucous glands are liberally present. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Long-term warfarin therapy may be associated with tracheal calcification, possibly because warfarin prevents the formation of vitamin K-dependent proteins which are responsible for preventing calcification 1,2. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] who have taken an anticoagulation medication, such as warfarin sodium, for several years. 1 Although the mechanism by which warfarin causes tracheal calcification is unknown, it may inhibit the normal formation of a vitamin K–dependent protein that prevents [hchimcr.blogspot.com]

All possible precautions will be taken to prevent this eventuality. Nerve injuries: These occur in up to 7 in 100 patients but tend to be transient (meaning they recover completely). [cirse.org]

Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. [drugs.com]

Early surgical intervention is necessary to prevent aspiration and offers the only hope for survival ( 14 ). [jtd.amegroups.com]