Precise indications are evolving but may include symptomatic pediatric patients with known risk factors for TBM and patients with otherwise unexplained impaired exercise tolerance; recurrent lower airways infection; and therapy-resistant, irreversible [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These authors emphasize the importance of assessing for TBM in pediatric patients with a history of impaired exercise tolerance, recurrent lower airways infection, and therapy-resistant, irreversible, and/or atypical asthma (, 13 ). [dx.doi.org]

Patients filled out a Dyspnea Index questionnaire before and after treatment. Ten patients were treated for their tracheobronchomalacia with a mean age of 54 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] left main bronchus, which is easily replaceable and facilitates sputum aspiration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Aspiration bronchoscopy was used frequently in the postoperative period ( 16, 25, 30 ). [jtd.amegroups.com]

Also, the majority of previous studies review TBM in patients with multiple pulmonary disorders. There is marked variability in the incidence of TBM in the literature. [ispub.com]