A history of trauma is necessary but may not be recent, as cataracts often develop slowly, and may appear years after the incident. Traumatic cataracts can be unilateral or bilateral. Injury due to blunt trauma is most commonly encountered, although penetrating trauma and other non-mechanical agents can also cause them [1] [2]. Children constitute a sizable proportion of the population affected, and it has been reported that males are significantly more at risk than females [3] [4]. The most frequent patterns of injury seen also vary between different age groups, with children more likely to be injured during play, and young adults during sports. The same applies for residence, as certain types of injuries are more likely to occur in rural rather than urban areas, for instance, accidental injury while collecting wood [1] [5].

Signs of traumatic cataracts are generally the same as those seen in other types of cataracts, with complaints of several visual disturbances such as blurred vision, diplopia, reduced day or night vision, and eventually blindness. The classical shape of trauma related cataracts is rosette or stellate, however traumatic cataracts are not limited to this configuration, given the possible mechanisms of the trauma [6]. On account of the etiology of these cataracts, in addition to the above problems, many patients also have concurrent damage to other ocular, orbital and cranial structures and the severity is often proportional to the force imparted [7].

• Juvenile Cataract

  H26 Other cataract Excludes1 congenital cataract ( Q12.0 ) H26.0 Infantile and juvenile cataract H26.00 Unspecified infantile and juvenile cataract H26.001 Unspecified infantile and juvenile cataract, right eye H26.002 Unspecified infantile and juvenile [icd10coded.com]

  10/1/2017) : No change 2019 (effective 10/1/2018) : No change ICD-10-CM Codes Adjacent To H26.1 H26.06 Combined forms of infantile and juvenile cataract H26.09 Other infantile and juvenile cataract H26.1 Traumatic cataract H26.10 Unspecified traumatic [icd10data.com]

  […] and Associated Systemic Diseases (see: Systemic Diseases) Congenital and Juvenile Cataracts, Usually Bilateral (see also: Congenital Syndromes) Intraocular Diseases, Cataracta Complicata, Cataracta Subcapsularis Posterior, see also indentation, impression [atlasophthalmology.net]

  2, juvenile cataract on one or both sides may be noted. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Contusion

  Anteror Chamber Secondary Cataract, Posterior subcapsular Opacification PCO Siderosis of the Lens Traumatic Cataract, Contusion Rosette, Old Traumatic Cataract, Contusion Rosette Traumatic Cataract, Intralental Foreign Body (Hammer and Chisel) Traumatic [atlasophthalmology.net]

  The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between posterior subcapsular contusion cataract and Wieger's ligament. Two clinical cases of traumatic cataract, occurring in young patients, were analyzed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Frequent traumatic cataracts ❖ Contusion cataract: Contusion of the eyeball will produce a rosette-shaped subcapsular opacity on the anterior surface of the lens. [alpfmedical.info]

  Clinical features: Cataract formation after non-perforating injuries such as contusion or concussion may occur without any damage to the lens capsule The cataract formation may be slowly progressive or mature suddenly It is not always easy to observe [dro.hs.columbia.edu]

• Fracture

  Traumatic optic neuropathy Workup Imaging Studies • B-scan - If the posterior pole cannot be visualized • A-scan - Prior to cataract extraction • CT scan of the orbits - Fractures and foreign bodies Treatment Medical Care • If glaucoma is a problem, [eyeglobe-eyeglobe.blogspot.com]

  Furthermore, a complete physical examination is important, with emphasis on searching for signs of cranial nerve injury, fractures, intracranial and periorbital hemorrhage. [symptoma.com]

  There were no fractures or foreign bodies. Clinical examination showed no sign of a ruptured globe; this was confirmed radiographically by noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbits. He was negative for sickle cell trait. [djo.harvard.edu]

  Diagnostic Procedures Imaging Plain X ray: Plain X-ray AP and lateral views are essential to evaluate injured eye and orbit to assess intraocular and extra ocular injuries as well as fractures. It may also detect foreign bodies. [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Blurred Vision

  We presented the case of a 48-year-old male who presented to our emergency service due to ocular pain and blurred vision in his right eye. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Signs of traumatic cataracts are generally the same as those seen in other types of cataracts, with complaints of several visual disturbances such as blurred vision, diplopia, reduced day or night vision, and eventually blindness. [symptoma.com]

  Complaints: • Complaints of defective vision in Right eye for past 1 week 4. [slideshare.net]

  Usually almost asymptomatic in young patients, with most complaints concerning blurred vision due to the common corneal astigmatism, it might in time lead to several complications including premature cataract formation and pigmentary glaucoma. [journals.lww.com]

• Corneal Opacity

  Good visual acuity was achieved in a large proportion of the children despite associated corneal opacities and several intraoperative and postoperative complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A 38.5% patients had corneal opacity among penetrating injury patients. The interval between trauma and surgery was less than one month among 75% of patients. After three months of surgery, 43.7% patients had visual acuity of >6/18. [jcdr.net]

The next step is a thorough ophthalmological exam, ranging from testing visual acuity using the Snellen chart and the range of eye movements to visualizing the eyes' structures through an ophthalmoscope; which may show abnormalities in the red reflex. A slit lamp examination, if available, is best for a more detailed inspection of ocular contents and a clearer view of cataracts. Furthermore, a complete physical examination is important, with emphasis on searching for signs of cranial nerve injury, fractures, intracranial and periorbital hemorrhage.

Imaging studies are necessary, to evaluate the extent of ocular damage and to reveal any foreign bodies that may have been missed. The techniques of ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan are often employed, as they are all useful and have their own advantages [7] [8]. Ultrasound is ideal for assessing intraocular damage as well as detecting foreign bodies, while CT scans show fractures in the orbits and cranium [7]. MRI scans may be used to detect non-magnetic foreign bodies.

Routine blood tests including a full blood count, complete metabolic panel and clotting studies can be done if surgery is anticipated.

A 58-year-old male was injured by acupuncture needle during acupuncture treatment for his cerebral infarction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment of Traumatic Cataract is the same as treatments of other types of cataract but we have to make sure to treat other complications of trauma such as eyelid laceration, corneal wounds, Hyphema and retinal injuries. [webeyeclinic.com]

Conclusion Posttraumatic cataracts with a metal foreign body in the lens require operative treatment in order to remove the foreign body, phacoemulsification and implantation of artificial lens. [experts.umn.edu]

CONCLUSION: Closed-globe injury has more favourable prognosis for the satisfactory (>20/60) visual recovery after effective management of traumatic cataracts in children. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The management of such cases is an important problem in Ophthalmology and prognosis is variable. [ijo.in]

METHODS: Pediatric traumatic cataract were reviewed for demographic information, type of injury, mode of injury, time of injury, interval between injury and first visiting doctors, hospital of first visiting, surgeries, complications and prognosis. [ijo.cn]

Prognosis • The prognosis is dependent on the extent of the injury. Patient Education • Protective eyewear is important in high-risk activities to avoid injury. • For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicine's Eye and Vision Center. [eyeglobe-eyeglobe.blogspot.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

Etiology and pathogenesis CATARACT TRAUMATIC (CATARACTA TRAUMATICA) The violation of the integrity of the lens bag with injuries of the eye, usually perforated. Symptoms and course CATARACT TRAUMATIC (CATARACTA TRAUMATICA) Symptoms. [lecheniebolezni.com]

These data suggest that the model of the system's loss of control on the elongation of the eye may provide valuable information and a precise direction for research on etiology and control of myopia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China Yu-Sen Huang Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China Li-Xin Xie Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China Hits : 2420 Download times : 584 Abstract: AIM: To evaluate the etiologies [ijo.cn]

The epidemiology and diagnosis of penetrating eye injuries. Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Mar;9(3):209–13. Reddy AK, Ray R, Yen KG. Surgical intervention for traumatic cataracts in children: epidemiology, complications and outcomes. [medresearch.in]

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiologic study, level IV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The epidemiology of ocular trauma in rural Nepal. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004; 88:456-60. Abraham, D. I.; Vitale, S. I.; West, S. I.; Isseme, I. Epidemiology of eye injuries in rural Tanzania. Ophthalmic Epidemiol.1999; 6:85-94 D. Virgil Alfaro, Eric P. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Approximately 2.5 million eye injuries occur annually in the United States. It is estimated that approximately 4-5% of a comprehensive ophthalmologist's patients are seen secondary to ocular injury. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology Blunt trauma is responsible for coup and contrecoup ocular injury. Coup is the mechanism of direct impact. [eyeglobe-eyeglobe.blogspot.com]

Careful examination and a management plan can simplify these difficult cases and provide the best possible outcome. [5, 6] Pathophysiology Blunt trauma is responsible for coup and contrecoup ocular injury. Coup is the mechanism of direct impact. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The need for adequate health education to prevent ocular injuries and preoperative diagnosis of associated posterior segment complications that may prevent optimal post-operative visual acuity is also noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

1. Khatry SK, Lewis AE, Schein OD, et al. The epidemiology of ocular trauma in rural Nepal. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(4):456–460.
2. Singh D, Singh K, Singh J, Sood R. The role of intraocular lens in traumatic cataract. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1983;31(3):294–297.
3. Smith D, Wrenn K, Stack LB. The epidemiology and diagnosis of penetrating eye injuries. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9(3):209–213.
4. Cillino S, Cassiccio A, Di Pace F, Pilliteri F, Cillino G. A five-year retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in a Mediterranean area. BMC Ophthalmol. 2008;8:6.
5. Shah M, Shah S, Shah S, Prasad V, Parikh A. Visual recovery and predictors of visual prognosis after managing traumatic cataracts in 555 patients. Ind J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(3):217–222.
6. Shah MA, Shah SM, Shah SB, et al. Morphology of traumatic cataract: Does it play a role in final visual outcome? BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):e000060.
7. Kumar A, Kumar V, Dapling RB. Traumatic cataract and intralenticular foreign body. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005;33(6):660-661.
8. Yang B, Shan L, Song W, et al. Copolymer-1 immunization reduces damage in retinal ganglion cells under high intraocular pressure through altering the expression of retinal neurotrophins. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2010;26(1):11-19.