The present case is unique as it was treated with minimally invasive endoscopic method hitting the root cause of disease. It avoided the complications of extensive craniotomy. [neurologyindia.com]

We have noted that headache was the most common, but not universally present, presenting symptom of TP (44% of cases). [ijciis.org]

We would like to report a case of spontaneous traumatic pneumoencephalocele presenting with transient recurrent hemiparesis 14 months after the initial trauma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Perfect for radiologists who need a comprehensive reference while working on difficult cases, it presents a complete yet concise overview of imaging applications, findings, and interpretation in every anatomic area. [books.google.com]

• Fever

  excessive tearing, diplopia or blurred, spots, specks, flashing lights, glaucoma, cataracts Ears: Hearing, tinnitus, vertigo, earache, infection, discharge (hearing aid) Nose and sinuses: Frequent colds, nasal stuffiness, discharge or itching, hay fever [quizlet.com]

  Figure 4 Frontal sinuses As she had fever, CSF was examined by performing a lumbar puncture procedure. All the parameters of the CSF analysis came out as within physiological limits. [ispub.com]

  He was reviewed by our neurosurgical team in February 2016 for a 1-month history of progressive headache associated with fever, asthenia and left CSF rhinorrhoea. [scirp.org]

  A 30-year-old man presented with headache, fever and vomiting of 7 days duration. He also complained of persistent nasal discharge of clear fluid since 7 days. [ijri.org]

  The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is based upon CSF findings (increase in leukocyte count, decrease in CSF glucose [ 45 mg/dL and positive CSF smear or culture) in patients with compatible clinical findings (fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, change [trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

• Unconsciousness

  The patient was found unconscious. His face appeared swollen and was splattered with blood, especially around his head. Vital signs were stable. CT, showed several linear lucencies scattered throughout his skull. [meddean.luc.edu]

  Arousal-Reactions with Unconscious Patients Elicited by L-Dopa, Amantadine-HCl and Akineton.- Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEP) in Patients with Peripheral, Spinal and Supraspinal Lesions of the Sensory System.- The Effect of Electrical Spinal [mireva.com]

  Thus, in unconscious patients, only the slow phase of nystagmus may be evaluated. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  He gave history of fall from bicycle 8 weeks back, following which he was unconscious and was admitted at another hospital. He had a bout of epistaxis 4 days after the trauma and recovered within a week and was discharged. [ijri.org]

  Case presentation A 30-year-old white man was admitted to his local hospital after he was found unconscious in his home. His past medical history included a history of drug abuse, bipolar disorder and chronic hepatitis C. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Ecchymosis

  There was no evidence of cranial bone trauma, including otorrhea, rhinorrhea or retroauricular ecchymosis. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

  【調節障害】 *dysrhythmia【律動異常】 *dyssomnia【睡眠異常】 *dysspermia【射精困難(症)】 *dysstasia【起立困難】 *dyssystole【収縮期障害】 *dysthymia【気分変調】 *dystithia【授乳困難[症]∥哺乳障害】 *dystocia【難産∥異常分娩】 *dystrophic calcification【異栄養性石灰化】 *dysuria【排尿困難】 (E) *ebola hemorrhagic fever【エボラ出血性熱】 *ecchymosis [medo.jp]

• Fatigue

  *bacterial vaginosis【細菌性膣症】 *bad breath【口臭】(halitosis) *basal cell adenoma【基底細胞腺腫】 *basal cell carcinoma【基底細胞癌】 *basal cell nevus syndrome【基底細胞母斑症候群】 *basedow's disease【バセドウ病】 *basilar artery aneurysm【脳底動脈瘤】 *basilar meningitis【脳底髄膜炎∥頭蓋底髄膜炎】 *battle fatigue [medo.jp]

  […] underlying adenoma has insidiously man- gency department, causes other than SAH are much ifested itself before the dramatic occurrence of the hae- more likely – SAH is the cause in only around 1% in this morrhage, such as by a dull retro-orbital pain, fatigue [pubhtml5.com]

• Hunting

  Knighton DR, Halliday B, Hunt TK. Oxygen as an antibiotic. The effect of inspired oxygen on infection. Arch Surg. 1984;119(2):199–204. 18. Neovius EB, Lind MG, Lind FG. [dovepress.com]

• Vomiting

  CT scan should be considered when there are focal neurological findings, persistent headache, vomiting, and age>60. [meddean.luc.edu]

  Clinical presentations typically include headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, dizziness, and a depressed neurological status [ 3 ]. [intjem.springeropen.com]

  A 30-year-old man presented with headache, fever and vomiting of 7 days duration. He also complained of persistent nasal discharge of clear fluid since 7 days. [ijri.org]

  Tension pneumocephalus Clinical Features Clinical presentation includes headache s, nausea and vomiting, seizure s, hemiparesis, dizziness, obtundation and depressed neurological status 7). [operativeneurosurgery.com]

  Various parameters, including baseline demographic features, details of RAT, presence or absence of vomiting, loss of consciousness, ENT bleeding, GCS scores, early and late CSF rhinorrhea, head ache, meningitis, anemia, cranial nerve nerve injuries, [jmscr.igmpublication.org]

• Diarrhea

  【下痢】 ⇒allergic diarrhea【アレルギー性下痢】 ⇒amebic diarrhea【アメーバ性下痢】 ⇒bloody diarrhea【血性下痢】 ⇒chronic diarrhea【慢性下痢】 ⇒toxic diarrhea【中毒性下痢】 ⇒tropical diarrhea【熱帯性下痢】 ⇒tuberculous diarrhea【結核性下痢】 *diastematocrania【頭蓋正中離開】 *diataxia【両側運動失調(症)】 *diataxia cerebralis [medo.jp]

• Erythema

  【紅斑】 *erythema palmare[L]【手掌紅斑】(palmar erythema//red palm) *erythema marginatum[L]【輪郭性紅斑】 *erythema migrans[L]【遊走性紅斑】 *erythema multiforme[L]【多形性紅斑】 *erythema multiforme exudativum[L]【多形滲出性紅斑】 *erythema nodosum[L]【結節性紅斑】(nodal fever) *erythema solare[ [medo.jp]

  Physical exam revealed significant left ptosis, swelling, and crepitus involving the orbit without erythema ( Fig. 1 ). Neurological exam was normal and extraocular movements were intact. [ingentaconnect.com]

• Agitation

  On the first postoperative day, she became agitated with a depressed level of consciousness. [jamanetwork.com]

  Over the next hour the patient became increasingly restless and agitated, began vomiting and his GCS decreased from 15 to 12 (M6, E4, V2). A CT demonstrated classical tension pneumocephalus with Mt. [anncaserep.com]

  Neurological examination was significant for increasing agitation and combativeness, requiring elective rapid sequence intubation. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

  Clinical presentation of tension pneumocephalus may include headache, generalized seizures, agitation, delirium, reflex abnormalities, and otherwise altered the level of consciousness, pupillary changes, and frontal lobe syndrome. [asianjns.org]

  Clinical signs of massive intracranial air include a headache, CSF rhinorrhea, pupillary changes, agitation, delirium and altered level of consciousness, focal neurological deficit, convulsion, frontal lobe syndrome, and cardiac arrest. [2] Episodes of [njcponline.com]

• Stroke

  Updated coverage of brain trauma addresses newly recognized entities, techniques and imaging for rapid stroke triage, and functional imaging and dementia diagnosis. [books.google.es]

  Stroke 2006; 37:2061–5. MRI: correlation with stroke subtype, stroke recurrence, 45 Zazulia AR, Diringer MN, Derdeyn CP, Powers WJ. and leukoaraiosis. Stroke 2002; 33:1536–40. [pubhtml5.com]

  Model, Stroke volume, real time PCR stroke markers, enos Neuroprotection of Acute Pre-loading Artovastatin in Rat Stroke Model, Stroke volume. [docplayer.net]

  The most common aetiology for aphasia is ischemic stroke. Other structural causes include haemorrhagic stroke, neoplasm, cerebral abscess, encephalitis and central nervous system infections, and traumatic brain injury. [trauma-acute-care.imedpub.com]

  EEG-Analytical Follow-Up Study of Stroke Patients Under Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment.- Arousal-Reactions with Unconscious Patients Elicited by L-Dopa, Amantadine-HCl and Akineton.- Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEP) in Patients with Peripheral, Spinal [mireva.com]

• Irritability

  Patients of Pneumocephalus usually present with intense headache with or without other probable sign and complaints of CSF rhinorrhoea, papilloedema, cranial nerve involvement or paralysis like hemiplegia, paresis,, and signs of meningeal involvement or irritation [ispub.com]

  On examination he had spasticity of left upper limb and was febrile with signs of meningeal irritation. The clear fluid from the nose was subjected to biochemical analysis and was consistent with CSF. [ijri.org]

  […] implicated in the pathogenesis of TP, including nitrous oxide anesthesia, duration of surgery, hydrocephalus, a functional ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and intraoperative administration of mannitol.[ 29 ] Clinically, PNC can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, irritability [surgicalneurologyint.com]

  *fibrillation【細動】 *fibrinoid degeneration【線維素様変性∥フィブリン様変性】 *fibrinoid necrosis【類線維素壊死】 *fibrinous pleuritis【線維素性胸膜炎】 *fibroadenoma【線維腺腫】 *fibrodentinoma【線維象牙質腫】 *fibrolipoma【線維脂肪腫】 *fibroma【線維腫】 ⇒denture fibroma【義歯性線維腫】 ⇒giant cell fibroma【巨細胞性線維腫】 ⇒irritation [medo.jp]

  […] meningitis (section 3.7.1). 9.3.6 Focal neurological deficits Classically, in the acute phase of aneurysmal SAH, there 9.3.3 Subhyaloid haemorrhages are no neurological signs other than those of meningeal Subhyaloid haemorrhages occur if a sudden increase in irritation [pubhtml5.com]

• Steppage Gait

  【歩行】 ⇒paralytic gait【麻痺性歩行】 ⇒steppage gait【ニワトリ歩行∥鶏歩】 *galactidrosis【乳汗症】 *galactocele【乳瘤】 *galacturia【乳様尿】 *gallbladder cancer【胆嚢癌】 *gallstone【胆石】(cholelith; chololith) *gallstone disease【胆石症】(cholelithiasis) *gangliocytoma【神経節細胞腫】 *ganglion【ガングリオン∥節腫 [medo.jp]

The endoscopic skull base surgeon always harbored the fear of post procedural pneumocephalus, however, the use of same tool for its treatment has not been described earlier. [2] The entire surgical science revolves around the philosophy of "treatment [neurologyindia.com]

Systemic treatment with corticosteroids and methotrexate was initiated, resulting in clinical stabilization. Six weeks later, the patient became disoriented and lethargic. [nejm.org]

In addition, the book's treatment algorithms provide a highly practical reference to cutting edge therapies. [books.google.de]

treatment parallel those for a CSF leak. [ijciis.org]

Acute intracranial pneumocephalus: prognosis and management – a retrospective analysis of 101 cases. Neurosurg Rev. 1989;12 (Suppl 1):125–136.[ PubMed ] [westjem.com]

Injuries associated with a pneumatocele or a single intracranial air bubble have a good prognosis, as do frontobasal lesions. Injuries associated with multiple air bubbles have a bad prognosis. [link.springer.com]

Prognosis of Severe Head and Brain Injury in Childhood.- Secondary Blood Coagulation Disturbances After Severe Brain Injury.- Clinical Double-Blind-Study on the Effects of Dexamethasone on Severe Closed Head Injuries.- The Influence of Dexamethasone [mireva.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment depends on the cause, and in many instances, no treatment is necessary with the gas being gradually resorbed. [radiopaedia.org]

Demographics, etiology, and location of TP, site of cranial fractures, occurrences of rhinorrhea, otorrhea, and meningitis, Glasgow Coma Scale, duration of hospitalization, and other parameters related to morbidity and mortality were investigated. [ingentaconnect.com]

The other main etiological factors contributing to head injuries include alcohol consumption, assault, fall from height and workplace injuries. Patients with suspected head injury are categorized using GCS. [jmscr.igmpublication.org]

In cases of trauma, this usually occurs because of an open skull fracture, or more commonly, a fracture of the paranasal sinuses or mastoid air cells (as was the etiology in this case). [radiologypics.com]

Etiology mechanical trauma (common) instrumentation, e.g. neurosurgery, external ventricular drain insertion, sinus surgery, peridural anesthesia after supratentorial craniotomy, pneumocephalus may persist in a minority of patients in the 3rd postoperative [radiopaedia.org]

Etiology Etiopathology At least two possible mechanisms for the development of PNC are described 2). One is the effect of ball valve, where the air enters from the extracranial space through CSF leakage, which allows input but not output. [operativeneurosurgery.com]

Pneumocephalus Epidemiology It is a rare but potentially serious complication of spine surgery related in most cases with inadvertent dural tear during the operation. Most collections are small, behave benign, and respond to conservative therapy. [operativeneurosurgery.com]

McGill University s Summer Program in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, I attented and completed the core 21 credits curiculum of McGill University s Diploma in Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program 0.00 / / / Research Date Description C.E. [docplayer.net]

This report although deviating from the paradigm of evidence base medicine (we are dealing with a single-centre epidemiological descriptive report with no statistical analysis performed and no precise design) nevertheless provides a demonstration of the [journals.plos.org]

On CT scanning the hae- epidemiological, clinical and radiological evidence. [pubhtml5.com]

Additional pathophysiology content helps you better understand the effects of diseases and injuries on the body’s normal physiologic processes. [books.google.com]

[…] and Hydrocephalus..- Considerations About the Pathophysiology of the So-Called Cisterno-Ventricular Reflux. [mireva.com]

2017/7/1/58/201961 Traumatic pneumocephalus, or abnormal presence of air in the cranial cavity following traumatic injury, occurs frequently. [1] Its pathophysiology involves air entry into the cranial cavity following injury to the brain meninges. [2 [ijciis.org]

This manuscript also includes a description of the diagnosis and pathophysiology of pneumocephalus. This is the first published case to describe tension pneumocephalus resulting from intracranial pressure monitoring in a non trauma patient. [anncaserep.com]

The pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and management are discussed with reference to the current literature. [intjem.springeropen.com]

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the prophylactic use of ceftriaxone for the prevention of meningitis in patients with acute traumatic pneumocephalus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic for prevention of meningitis in acute traumatic pneumocephalus patients. [unboundmedicine.com]

Even in those patients with CSF rhinorrhea or intracranial hemorrhage, prophylactic ceftriaxone (2 grams daily) did not prove to be effective on prevention of meningitis. [trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

[…] of meningitis after traumatic pneumocephalus: a randomised controlled trial Acronym Study hypothesis Chemoprophylaxis with antibiotics is both feasible and desirable for prevention of a potentially serious disease when specific groups at risk can be [isrctn.com]