Presentation
Genetic neuropathy This presents as an autosomal dominant disorder and may present as purely sensory or sensoriniotor forms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or peroneal muscular atrophy is one form of hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (HMSN-1). [healthdrip.com]
External ophthalmoplegia absent Pupils normal and reactive to light Pupils reactive to light but miosis present Ptosis usually present Ptosis usually absent Fasciculations absent in skeletal muscles Fasciculations present in skeletal muscles Increased [lecturio.com]
Charles C Thomas Publisher, ٠١/٠١/١٩٩٣ - 1626 من الصفحات The purpose of this book is to present a synopsis of what is known about substances that have toxic properties injurious to the eyes, disturbing to vision, or affecting eyes in other unwanted [books.google.com]
It has been suggested that as many as 20% of all patients seeking medical treatment have neurologic problems, either as the presenting complaint or as an associated condition complicating the primary illness. [books.google.de]
Based on the study on toxic effects of the oils after pyrolysis, it is concluded that neuroactive pyrolysis products are present, but that their concentration in the presence of an intact lung barrier is that low that it could not be appointed as a major [easa.europa.eu]
Entire Body System
- Swelling
Triorthocresyl phosphate (k) Allergic symptoms (facial flushing, itching) occur Less than 1 h Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, peppery taste, burning of throat, facial swelling and flushing, stomach pain, itching of skin. [fda.gov]
- Pallor
Muscaria -type mushrooms (f) Tingling and numbness, dizziness, pallor, gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, and desquamation of skin, fixed eyes, loss of reflexes, twitching, paralysis. [fda.gov]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
Entamoeba histolytica Isospora belli 3-6 months Nervousness, insomnia, hunger pains, anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain, sometimes gastroenteritis. [fda.gov]
In the reports of TOCP poisoning in man after accidental ingestion, diarrhoea and abdominal pain have often been noted and have sometimes been severe 11. These effects would be expected to accompany inhibition of true cholinesterase. [nature.com]
In the acute phase patient gets nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and severe abdominal pain. Symptoms Symptoms pertaining to nervous system include headache, drowsiness and convulsions. [healthdrip.com]
Cardiovascular
- Hypotension
Most patients have bradycardia and, if poisoning is severe, hypotension. CNS toxicity is common, sometimes with seizures and excitability and often with lethargy and coma. [merckmanuals.com]
[…] perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis, S. faecium 4-120 h, mean 18-36 h, duration 1-7 days Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, chills, malaise, nausea, headache possible.Sometimes bloody or mucoid diarrhea, cutaneous lesions and hypotension [fda.gov]
[…] hypertension, vomiting, diaphoresis, diarrhea, salivation, small pupils, urinary retention -as acetylcholine levels rise the clinical course usually changes mainly reflect muscarinic, skeletal muscle, and CNS abnormalities (bradycardia, heart block, hypotension [quizlet.com]
Bronchoconstriction leads to asthmatic attacks and severe dyspnea, and bradycardia combined with marked hypotension and vasodilation results in circulatory shock. [lecturio.com]
Musculoskeletal
- Muscular Atrophy
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or peroneal muscular atrophy is one form of hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (HMSN-1). [healthdrip.com]
Neurologic
- Peripheral Neuropathy
[…] can precede the delayed peripheral neuropathy. [publications.parliament.uk]
It causes degeneration of the peripheral nerves (the nerves serving the limbs and hands and feet), a disorder called peripheral neuropathy. [flandershealth.us]
Signs of peripheral neuropathy appear 1-4 weeks after acute intoxication. Skin becomes dry, scaly and occasionally hyper pigmented. Arsenic or Arsenite is contained in insecticides, pesticides and certain rat poisons as well as weed killers. [healthdrip.com]
In addition, some of the patients may develop delayed peripheral neuropathy. [neurologyindia.com]
- Tremor
She complains of debilitating migraine headaches, tremors, and blind spots in her field of vision. [cnn.com]
[…] the most important factor in the population explosion that occurred between 1950-1970 -DDT/ Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (Neocid, Ixodex, Anofex, others), canceled, low to moderate acute oral toxicity, low dermal absorption, highest lipid storage, tremors [quizlet.com]
Abnormal sensations as of prickling, burning, or itching, as well as tremors or even convulsions may follow exposure to appreciable amounts, according to a standard textbook of toxicology. [renchemista.wordpress.com]
- Ataxia
Repeated subcutaneous doses of TOCP (600 mg/kg) for up to 6 weeks produced ataxia, most striking at 50 days after final injection, followed by gradual recovery. [jstage.jst.go.jp]
Clinical signs associated with delayed neurotoxicity include muscle weakness and ataxia that progresses to flaccid paralysis. Signs are usually not manifest until 10–14 days after exposure to a neurotoxic triaryl phosphate. [merckvetmanual.com]
- Vertigo
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (i) 2 h to 7 days, usually 12-36 h Vertigo, double or blurred vision,loss of reflex to light, difficulty in swallowing, speaklng, and breathing, dry mouth, weakness, respiratory paralysis, death. [fda.gov]
- Irritability
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
Treatment
Also described are systemic side effects of ophthalmologic drugs, treatment of chemical burns of the eyes, and testing methods and species specificity for toxic effects on the eyes. [books.google.com]
Organophosphates and carbamates are commonly used as insecticides (see Table: Symptoms and Treatment of Specific Poisons ). [merckmanuals.com]
Tacrine, an anticholinesterase used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, is replaced by other drugs due to its hepatotoxicity. [lecturio.com]
Metrifonate has been used to treat schistosomiasis and is undergoing trials for the treatment of primary degenerative dementia. [emedicine.medscape.com]
It has been suggested that as many as 20% of all patients seeking medical treatment have neurologic problems, either as the presenting complaint or as an associated condition complicating the primary illness. [books.google.de]
Prognosis
Prognosis of genetic neuropathies is poor. DEMYEUNATING DISEASES It refers to conditions where there is patchy or focal destruction of normally formed myelin sheaths accompanied by an inflammatory response. [healthdrip.com]
Clinical features of OP poisoning appear when RBC cholinesterase activity is [1] In general, however, serial studies have failed to document a strict relationship between levels of serum cholinesterase and the severity of clinical manifestations and prognosis [neurologyindia.com]
Etiology
Code First Code First Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]
Etiological agent not yet isolated--probably viral (especially Hepatitis A and E viruses) Varying periods (depends on specific illness) Fever, chills, head- or joint ache, prostration, malaise, swollen lymph nodes, and other specific symptoms of disease [fda.gov]
La Medicina del Lavoro 59:721–759 PubMed Google Scholar Cavalleri A, Cosi V (1978) Polyneuritis incidence in shoe factory workers: cases report and etiological considerations. [link.springer.com]
Epidemiology
[…] of Medicine - Images - Mnemonics - Syndromes - Acute Medicine - Anaesthesiology - Anatomy - Anthropology - Biochemistry - Cardiology - Dentistry - Dermatology - Drug ADR - Drugs - Duplication Sites - Embryology - Emergency Medicine - Endocrinology - Epidemiology [medicalchemy-toxicology.blogspot.com]
The 74 affected patients were treated and followed up after definite diagnosis. 13 years later, all the epidemiological data obtained from 61 survivors were evaluated, and 15 patients underwent clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging and electrophysiological [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
An epidemiological pattern of poisoning in India. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2002;11:73-4. [ PUBMED ] 8. Srivastava A, Peshin SS, Kaleekal T, Gupta SK. [neurologyindia.com]
The nexus between American roots music and epidemiology might have been lost to history but for the efforts of John Morgan, a former professor of pharmacology at the City University of New York who styled himself a “pharmacoethnomusicologist” to Dan Baum [theamericanconservative.com]
"Annals of Epidemiology: Jake Leg". archives.newyorker.com. The New Yorker. Travers, P. R. (1962). "The Results of Intoxication with Orthocresyl Phosphate Absorbed from Contaminated Cooking Oil, as seen in 4,029 Patients in Morocco". [zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com]
Pathophysiology
Myasthenic Crisis versus Cholinergic Crisis Myasthenic Crisis Cholinergic Crisis Pathophysiologic cause is insufficient cholinesterase inhibitors in presence of reduced number of acetylcholine receptors Pathophysiologic cause is excess of acetylcholine [lecturio.com]
The pathophysiological basis for the clinical manifestations of OP poisoning is inactivation of the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase at the peripheral nicotinic and muscarinic and central nervous system (CNS) nerve terminals and junctions. [neurologyindia.com]
Prevention
Knowledge of the pathogenesis, genetics, and molecular biology of neuromuscular disorders is essential both in developing and applying new therapies and preventive measures, and in formulating genetic and prognostic advice. [books.google.com]
If done, the trachea is intubated beforehand to prevent aspiration. [merckmanuals.com]
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]
It promotes awareness, understanding, discussion and debate about the issue and mobilises action to address the issues, through prevention or treatment. World Health Day 2004 focuses on road traffic injuries and measures to prevent them. [cuts-international.org]
OP compounds should be strictly regulated to prevent similar occurrences. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]