We reported two cases of metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms with bizarre pulmonary symptoms, one patient with small bowel metastasis, and two patients with brain metastasis presenting with unusual manifestations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other presentations include amenorrhea, ruptured uterus, abdominal pain and postmenopausal bleeding in decreasing order of frequency. [5], [9] Our case presented with amenorrhea which is not a common presentation of the disease. [advbiores.net]

Time to the presentation can widely vary between 1 week and 14 years. Presenting symptoms can include either abnormal vaginal bleeding and amenorrhea 6. Up to 30% of patients may present with metastases at the time of diagnosis 10. [radiopaedia.org]

Due to its rarity and varied biological behavior, it presents a specific diagnosis as it is distinct from other GTNs. 2. Case Presentation A 22-year-old G1P1 woman presented to Royan institute with a recent history of several months of amenorrhea. [iranjradiol.com]

• Adnexal Mass

  Ultrasonography was suggestive of development of left adnexal mass with multiple cysts with increased vascularity. Ultrasonography showed gradual increase in size of adnexal mass up to 5 x 3 x 2 cm inseparable from uterus and left ovary. [jpgo.org]

  A USG abdomen revealed a residual lesion in the posterior myometrium and a right-side adnexal mass measuring 7 × 5 × 3 cm. The β-HCG level was 169.6 mIU/mL. A total abdominal hysterectomy with right salphingo-oophorectomy was done. [ijpmonline.org]

• Foul Smelling Vaginal Discharge

  Clinical examination confirmed an abdominal uterine mass of 22 weeks’ gestation with a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. [sajhivmed.org.za]

For example, the section on noninvasive hydatidiform mole recommends the tests that should be routinely performed during workup, followed by surgery with either suction, dilation and curettage – preferably under ultrasound guidance – or hysterectomy for [mdedge.com]

Diagnostic workup includes complete bloodwork, HCG and CT chest/abdomen/pelvis +/- CT or MR brain. [bccancer.bc.ca]

1859 Infectious Agents and Cancer 549 1860 Cancer of the Skin 1863 Melanoma 1889 Diagnostic Studies and Pretreatment Staging 1001 1908 Principles of Isolation Perfusion 701 1923 Intraocular Melanomas 1951 Invasion and Metastasis 117 1952 Metastatic WorkUp [books.google.ro]

Metastatic workup with CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis done on February 2, 2013 showed innumerable pulmonary nodules scattered in both lungs, largest 8.4 mm in right middle lobe. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

In borderline cases, the final diagnosis of invasion versus non-invasion is confirmed only by histopathology and hence all the evacuated moles need to undergo a complete pathological workup. [sonoworld.com]

• Mediastinal Mass

  A postoperative work-up for extrauterine disease only revealed an anterior mediastinal mass, which was eventually sampled and found to be a benign thymoma. [nature.com]

• Anterior Mediastinal Mass

  A postoperative work-up for extrauterine disease only revealed an anterior mediastinal mass, which was eventually sampled and found to be a benign thymoma. [nature.com]

• Ovarian Mass

  Year : 2008 | Volume : 51 | Issue : 2 | Page : 242-244 Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of uterus presenting as an ovarian mass: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma Tanuja Shet 1, Mahendra Parage 1, Amita Maheshwari 2, Reena Nair 3, Sudeep Gupta 3, Hemant [ijpmonline.org]

• Candida

  A vaginal pus swab cultured Candida species. [sajhivmed.org.za]

All the cases were analyzed from the time of initial treatment. [journals.plos.org]

Follow up after treatment After treatment your specialist will monitor you closely. You might need ultrasound scans, MRI scans, CT scans and urine tests to check how well the treatment has worked and to monitor your progress. [cancerresearchuk.org]

Hysterectomy can of course not be considered for first-line treatment in women who wish to become pregnant, unless there is no option. [orpha.net]

follow-up, and counselling [2015] Europe European Society for Medical Oncology Gestational trophoblastic disease: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up [2013] Germany, Switzerland, Austria Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde [gfmer.ch]

While there can be a good prognosis with localized disease, the tumors tend to be less sensitive to chemotherapy than other forms of gestational trophoblastic disease 6. [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis The overall recovery rate is around 99%. The prognosis is very closely related to the rapidity of diagnosis, the risk level of the tumor (low or high) and the suitability of treatment. [orpha.net]

It should be reserved for young patients not finding any poor prognosis factors and whose tumor is focal ( 32 ). [frontiersin.org]

Prognosis The overall recovery rate is around 99%. The prognosis is very closely related to the rapidity of diagnosis, the risk level of the tumor (low or high) and the suitability of treatment. Last updated: 3/5/2011 [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Etiology The etiology of gestational trophoblastic tumors is not known. [orpha.net]

The etiology of the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Ann Surg. 1985;202: 624-7. 2. Laurence A Cole LA. HCG, the wonder of today’s science. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012;10:24. 3. [indianpediatrics.net]

(Etiology) The causative factor for each of the Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor type is as follows: Complete hydatidiform moles are caused when a sperm cell fertilizes an abnormal egg cell that has no nucleus or chromosomes. [dovemed.com]

Yen, S. and MacMahon, B., Epidemiologic features of trophoblastic disease, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 101: 126 (1968). Google Scholar 11. Prawirohardjo, S., Martiono, K. [link.springer.com]

Summary Epidemiology Exact annual incidence is not known but it is estimated to be about 1/1,000,000 women. [orpha.net]

Epidemiology Exact annual incidence is not known but it is estimated to be about 1/1,000,000 women. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

"Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole". [en.wikipedia.org]

Hsieh and Soong (48) illustrated how changes on intracardiac Doppler, rather than a change in tumor size, could reflect the pathophysiological situation in the presence of a chorioangioma. [fetalultrasound.com]

[…] hydatidiform molar pregnancy Asian or American Indian ancestry, or (for GTN only) African ancestry Older maternal age – women >40 years Familial disease – rare, more common in recurrent CHM NLRP7 and (rarely) KHDC3L gene mutations implicated (Wang, 2009) Pathophysiology [arupconsult.com]

This review will describe the relevant pathophysiology and natural history of GTN, and the use of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. Q 2006 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. [slideshare.net]

(Lurain, 2010) return to top Pathophysiology Choriocarcinoma is an invasive, highly vascular, anaplastic trophblastic tissue made up of cytotrophoblasts and syncitotrophoblasts that secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in high amounts (Goldstein [sharinginhealth.ca]

Pathophysiology A hydatidiform mole is considered malignant when the serum hCG levels plateau or rise during the follow-up period and an intervening pregnancy is excluded. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Completed NCT00045292 Phase 3 acyclovir;acyclovir sodium;valacyclovir 12 RCT on the Efficacy of Methotrexate for the Prevention of GTD Completed NCT01984099 Phase 3 Methotrexate;Vitamin B Complex 13 Surgery and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children [malacards.org]

Certain factors may increase your risk of developing a gestational trophoblastic tumor, including: Age over 35 Previous history of molar pregnancy Southeast Asian ethnicity Learn more about gynecologic cancer prevention and screening . [upmc.com]

Presently, no effective preventive measures are available for Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors Women with a history of one or more molar pregnancies should consult their healthcare provider to understand the risk of future molar pregnancies What is the [dovemed.com]

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Prevention There are no preventive medicines or treatments for GTD. The only way to prevent this very rare disease is to not become pregnant. [hopkinsmedicine.org]