Leading experts from Latin America, Africa, Near and Middle East, Indian Subcontinent, Far East, Oceania and Australia present their expert insights into specific conditions, as well as progress and challenges in the development of the specialty. [books.google.com]

Although no hydronephrosis or radiopaque kidney stones were present, bilateral tubular calcification of the vasa deferentia was incidentally noted on a plain radiograph (Panel A, arrows) and on an axial section of a computed tomographic image of the pelvis [nejm.org]

Superbly presented with line drawings, high quality radiographic images and colour photographs. Presented in similar form to its sister textbook Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. [books.google.de]

• Infertility

  Keywords: Azoospermia, genitourinary tuberculosis, infertility INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis of the male reproductive tract can result in infertility. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Swelling

  Usually, the tuberculosis of epididymis grows slowly and the epididymis become swelling gradually without overt pain. If a secondary infection emerges, it will cause redness, swell, heat and pain of testes. [99eyao.com]

  Epididymo-orchitis causes acute pain and swelling at the back of the testis, and, in severe cases, swelling and redness of the scrotum. The inflammation is caused by infection. [enetmd.com]

  Complete resolution of left testicular swelling and pain was documented at the end of 6 months of treatment. [jfmpc.com]

  Symptoms include sudden severe pain in the testes followed by scrotal swelling and tenderness. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Mycobacterial smear and culture. • FNAC • Good starting test for evaluation of scrotal swellings. 2. [slideshare.net]

• Inflammation

  […] epididymitis /epi·did·y·mi·tis/ ( -did″ĭ-mi´tis ) inflammation of the epididymis. epididymitis [ep′idid′imī′tis] Etymology: Gk, epi + didymos + itis, inflammation acute or chronic inflammation of the epididymis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] diffuse hypoechogenicity in epididymal and testicular inflammation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Surgical Procedure

  The vas deferens and vessels can be inadvertently manipulated over the surgical procedures. [beat-journal.com]

  Surgical technique The vasectomy procedure is begun by palpation of the vas deferens through the scrotal skin. The vas is then secured with the surgeon’s fingers and the scrotal skin is opened. [harryfisch.com]

  The patients were slated for hydrocelectomy and epididymal cyst operations and all the surgical procedures were performed at the Urology department of Bezm-i Alem Medical Faculty. [alliedacademies.org]

  If laboratory and radiological findings are not enough for diagnosis then biopsy and surgical procedures such as epididymo-orchiectomy may be required. [omicsonline.org]

  Surgery Each of the surgical procedures used to treat epididymitis is performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Both of them cause sterility. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Sepsis

  In some conditions BCG-therapy may be complicated by iatrogenic BCG-induced UGTB - mainly bladder or prostate TB, but in rare cases also BCG sepsis is possible [7] [9] [10]. [aaus.info]

• Dyspnea

  The onset may be abrupt or insidious with symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, and ankle edema. [aafp.org]

  Dyspnea c. Constipation d. Urinary frequency d. Urinary frequency Lightening refers to the descent to the fetal into the pelvis and engagement. [quizlet.com]

  Patients may be acutely ill with fever, dyspnea, and cyanosis, or be chronically ill with systemic symptoms. [wonder.cdc.gov]

  Common symptoms are nonspecific and are those of the underlying infectious process (fever, night sweats), cardiac compromise (dyspnea, orthopnea) or of disease elsewhere (cough). [canada.ca]

• Nausea

  Pain can travel into the groin area, and nausea and vomiting may occur. The skin on the scrotum may become warm, red, swollen and very painful. [health24.com]

   Predisposing conditions: reflux, obstruction, calculi, altered bladder function, altered host resistance, pregnancy, congenital anomalies of urinary tract  Symptoms include: fever, flank pain, chills, nausea, vomiting, malaise  Pathogens are usually [learningradiology.com]

  Nausea a. Hyperemic gums c. Complaints of bloating d. Heartburn e. [quizlet.com]

  Nausea and vomiting are also common. The testis is enlarged, indurated and tender on palpation. Proteinuria or hematuria may be present. [aafp.org]

  Nausea and vomiting are also common. The testis is enlarged, indurated and tender on palpation. Doppler US shows increased blood flow to the testis. [egetipdergisi.com.tr]

• Hypertension

  […] lead to segmental ischemia and renin release. 12 In patients with a nonfunctioning kidney, nephrectomy may help improve the hypertension. [abdominalkey.com]

  Most authors recommend nephrectomy without ureterectomy in cases of unilateral renal dysfunction to avoid relapse, eliminate irritative voiding symptoms, treat hypertension, and avoid abscess formation. [asmscience.org]

  […] pneumococcus can prevent infections embryonic selection, although controversial, has been used by known carriers or affected couples to prevent transmission of the disease to their children Complications chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia lead to pulmonary hypertension [medbullets.com]

  […] process, not elsewhere classified H9589Other postprocedural complications and disorders of the ear and mastoid process, not elsewhere classified I8501Esophageal varices with bleeding I8511Secondary esophageal varices with bleeding I973Postprocedural hypertension [cms.gov]

  Signs and Symptoms of Urogenital Tuberculosis Symptoms from the urogenital tract: Signs and symptoms are lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), flank pain, (micro) hematuria and arterial hypertension. 20% of patients with urogenital tuberculosis do not [urology-textbook.com]

• Purpura

  […] abnormalities resulting in urine reflux such as vesicoureteral reflux, ectopic ureter, or anorectal malformation (recto-urethral fistula) May also be part of postinfectious syndrome from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, enterovirus, or adenovirus Henoch-Schönlein purpura [unboundmedicine.com]

• Prostatic Disease

  Transrectal US finding of prostatic disease is irregular hypoechoic lesions in the peripheral zone [ 22 ]. [omicsonline.org]

  […] the disease first developed. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The medical infertility workup is usually able to diagnose the cause of a fertility problem in a man. Identifying the problem is the first step in recommending treatment. [storknet.com]

In addition, perform a full workup for malignancies if tubercles or ulcers are present away from ureteric orifices, if genital ulcers are present, or with suspicious renal lesions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Ped Clin North Am 48:1539–1557 CrossRef Google Scholar Mingin GC, Hinds A, Nguyen HT, Baskin LS (2004) Children with a febrile urinary tract infection and a negative radiologic workup: factors predictive of recurrence. [link.springer.com]

Imaging thus plays a major role, both in the initial workup as well as during follow-up. [ijri.org]

• Chlamydia

  Diseases caused by chlamydiae. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 318. Nickel JC. [medlineplus.gov]

  The treatment of choice is often azithromycin and cefixime to cover both gonorrhoeae and chlamydia. [en.wikipedia.org]

  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gonorrhea and chlamydia are the most common causes in men 35 years old or younger. Chronic epididymitis, on the other hand, lasts six weeks or more. [healthline.com]

  In young men, the most common sexually transmitted infection causing epididymitis is now Chlamydia, but gonococcal epididymitis is still prevalent; both cause urethritis. [enetmd.com]

  […] ectopic ureter, or anorectal malformation (recto-urethral fistula) May also be part of postinfectious syndrome from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, enterovirus, or adenovirus Henoch-Schönlein purpura may present as acute scrotum. 14 to 35 years of age Usually Chlamydia [unboundmedicine.com]

• Chlamydia Trachomatis

  trachomatis (serous urethral discharge) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (purulent discharge) in sexually active males With anal intercourse, likely Escherichia coli or Haemophilus influenza >35 years Commonly enteric bacteria but occasionally Staphylococcus [unboundmedicine.com]

  In sexually active men, Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for two-thirds of acute cases, followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and E. coli (or other bacteria that cause urinary tract infection ). [en.wikipedia.org]

  STIs leading to epididymitis include infection by Neisseria gonorrheae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and syphilis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Infections are a potential cause of male infertility but have been poorly documented. [5] The common organisms implicated are Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [jhrsonline.org]

  In prepubertal boys and in men over the age of 35, bacterial urinary tract infection is a frequent cause of epididymitis, while in postpubertal patients under 35 years of age, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are common causes. 2 For this [aafp.org]

The transrectal and trans-scrotal US should be reviewed at 2 to 3 months after anti-TB treatment. [28] The treatment plan should be adjusted according to the results of the US examination. 5 Conclusions In summary, TRUS and scrotal US are inexpensive, [journals.lww.com]

Treatment In the case of STD’s, prevention is the best treatment. Condoms can help reduce the risk of infections. Many STD’s are treatable with antibiotics. [storknet.com]

Treatment • Drug treatment • 6 months of treatment should be effective. • all four drugs are used for 2 months • ‘maintenance phase’, in which a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid is used for 4 months • Surgical treatment • Surgery is an adjunct [slideshare.net]

In this patient, the finding required no further investigation or treatment beyond the appropriate management of the diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and abnormalities in mineral metabolism. [nejm.org]

Prevention, and Complications Prognosis while patients are living longer and more complete lives with modern medicine, rarely do CF patients live beyond 40 years of age without transplantation Prevention immunization for influenza and pneumococcus can [medbullets.com]

However, most other patients are candidates for in-vitro fertilization, as you have mentioned, and have a prognosis – outcome - similar to that in men with other causes of obstructive azoospermia, which refers to no sperm in a man's semen, as a result [answers.yahoo.com]

Prognosis. The inflammation and pain of epididymitis resolve over two to four weeks when properly treated. [aafp.org]

Prognosis Sadly, most disorders affecting sperm quality and production either cannot be cured or do not respond well to treatment. [netdoctor.co.uk]

However, most other patients are candidates for in-vitro fertilization and have a prognosis similar to that in men with other causes of obstructive azoospermia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Incidence Common (600,000 cases annually in the United States) ( 1 ) 1 in 1,000 adult males per year 1.2 in 1,000 boys age 2 to 13 years per year ( 2 ) Prevalence Common Etiology and Pathophysiology Infectious epididymitis Retrograde passage of urine [unboundmedicine.com]

Abstract Radiological image of bilateral calcification of vas deferens is presented.The possible etiological factors are discussed.The differentiating points between non-inflammatory and inflammatory causes of the calcification of vas deferens are highlighted [ispub.com]

If there remains doubt about the etiology of UTI, therapy ex juvantibus 2nd type is indicated. [aaus.info]

etiologies is required to accurately guide patient care. [appliedradiology.com]

Tuberculosis epidemiology in Germany: The incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in Germany is declining. Figures from 2010: 4330 new cases (1999: 9800 new cases). Incidence 5/100000. Mortality is 0.2 /100000, of which 2/3 are older than 65 years. [urology-textbook.com]

[…] infectious (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) versus noninfectious (chemical, traumatic, autoimmune, idiopathic, industrial, noninfectious, vasoepididymal reflux syndrome, vasal reflux syndrome); chronic versus acute System(s) affected: reproductive Epidemiology [unboundmedicine.com]

Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM, Junior RF, Srougi M (2008) Epidemiology of urogenital tuberculosis worldwide.Int J Urol 15: 827-832. [omicsonline.org]

Chapter 7 - Nonrespiratory Tuberculosis Dina Fisher, MSc, MD, FRCPC Kevin Elwood, MD Table of Contents Key Messages/Points 1.1 Epidemiology 1.2 Diagnosis 1.3 Treatment Definition Epidemiology Diagnostic Considerations Clinical Presentations 5.1 Peripheral [canada.ca]

Ekaterina Kulchavenya (Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk Medical University, Russia) Executive summary Epidemiology and Pathogenesis 1. [aaus.info]

The pathophysiological basis of surgical diseases is discussed in relation to their management, acting as a bridge between basic medical sciences and clinical problems. [books.google.de]

Brenner/Rector remains the go-to resource for practicing and training nephrologists and internists who wish to master basic science, pathophysiology, and clinical best practices. [books.google.com]

Incidence Common (600,000 cases annually in the United States) ( 1 ) 1 in 1,000 adult males per year 1.2 in 1,000 boys age 2 to 13 years per year ( 2 ) Prevalence Common Etiology and Pathophysiology Infectious epididymitis Retrograde passage of urine [unboundmedicine.com]

Risk factors for active tuberculosis: Immigrants Alcoholism Old age AIDS Diabetes mellitus Steroid therapy Intravenous drug abuse Smoking Lung diseases: Silicosis, COPD Malnutrition Malignant diseases Gastric resection Crowding, e.g. prisons Pathophysiology [urology-textbook.com]

Horrow, MD, FACR, FSRU, FAIUM Director of Body Imaging Einstein Medical Center Professor of Radiology Jefferson Medical College January, 2013  Pathophysiology  Imaging Approach  Pyelonephritis – Acute – Chronic  Abscess – Acute versus Chronic – Renal [learningradiology.com]

Any obstruction in this pathway can prevent the sperm from reaching their target, the egg. [storknet.com]

Prevention Using condoms and not having sex with anyone who has an STD can prevent some cases of epididymitis. Resources Other "Epididymitis." Digital Urology Journal. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

and Complications Prognosis while patients are living longer and more complete lives with modern medicine, rarely do CF patients live beyond 40 years of age without transplantation Prevention immunization for influenza and pneumococcus can prevent infections [medbullets.com]

/Avoidable - 0% Emergent - ED Care Needed - Not Preventable/Avoidable - 0% Primary diagnosis of injury 0% Primary diagnosis of mental health problems 0% Primary diagnosis of substance abuse 0% Primary diagnosis of Alcohol 0% Unclassified 100% Also called [medicbind.com]