A healthy 35-year-old man presented with small eggs and a brownish lesion on the medial edge of his right big toe (Panel A). Two weeks before presentation, he had returned from a holiday trip to Brazil, where he had been barefoot. [content.nejm.org]

The infestation is acquired by walking barefoot or lying in places where the flea is present, usually beaches or sandy soils. We report two unrelated cases of imported tungiasis in Portugal that presented to our clinic in the same week. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The head (0%), posterior end (43%), and striated muscle (57%) either were not present or were inconsistently present. [the-medical-dictionary.com]

• Gangrene

  Complications, though rare, may involve ulceration, gangrene, secondary infection, tetanus, and death. This burrowing flea is endemic to Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and India. [web.stanford.edu]

  But elsewhere, this parasitic flea causes an inflammatory skin disease called tungiasis, which can lead to gangrene, amputations and painful lesions. [globalhealthnow.org]

  It can be life-threatening at times Gangrene – this can cause swelling, pain, sores, and blisters. [news-medical.net]

  Complications Due to the secondary infection complications such as bacteremia, tetanus, and gangrene can occur. Submit a request for further information, a quotation or indicative cost. [privatehealth.co.uk]

  Secondary bacterial infections, including tetanus and gangrene, are not uncommon with tungiasis. [cdc.gov]

• Fishing

  RESULTS: Two hundred ninety household leaders were interviewed in the urban slum and 136 in the fishing village. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Transmission of tungiasis was thought to be majorly related to the presence of local pigs (61.2%), sandy soil (39.6%), dirty environment (26.1%) and fish scales (8.6%). [ajol.info]

• Collapse

  Most pre-Hispanic anthropologic evidence originates from Inca predecessors, ancient cultures of Peru that were technologically advanced and developed pottery many centuries before the collapse of the Incan civilization ( 10 ). [doi.org]

• Malnutrition

  Patients 1 and 3 were cachectic, patient 2 presented severe malnutrition. Patient 3 needed a blood transfusion due to severe anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pruritus

  Of the affected patients, 63% were male and 37% were female, 37% were aged 0-10 years, and 100% reported pain and pruritus. Lesions occurred on the feet in 93.3% and on the hands in 22.7% of affected patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms The symptoms of this disease include: Severe pruritus Pain Inflammation and swelling Lesions and ulcerations, with black dots in the center Left untreated, secondary infections such as bacteremia, tetanus, and gangrene can occur. [wikidoc.org]

  ) Certain infectious and parasitic diseases Approximate Synonyms Tunga penetrans infestation Tungiasis Clinical Information An infestation with the flea tunga penetrans causing inflammation, pruritus, and pain, in both humans and other mammals. [icd10data.com]

  Vysvetľujúca pozn. v angl.An infestation with the flea TUNGA PENETRANS causing inflammation, pruritus, and pain, in both humans and other mammals. There is a high incidence of secondary infections such as BACTEREMIA and TETANUS. [arl4.library.sk]

• Nail Deformity

  Involvement of the nail matrix can lead to nail deformation or loss. Definitive treatment consists of sterile curettage or excision. [cmaj.ca]

• Excitement

  In the future, we should see new exciting data on the biology, epidemiology, therapy and control of tungiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In endemic areas, tungiasis is readily recognized by experienced physicians during physical examination, and further diagnostic workup is usually not required. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] fleas infest an individual, physical debilitation and secondary infections, such as tetanus or gas gangrene, may occur.4,5 In endemic areas, tungiasis is readily recognized by experienced physicians during physical examination, and further diagnostic workup [the-medical-dictionary.com]

• Hyponatremia

  Furthermore, she had severe hyponatremia. We applied 20% salicylated petroleum jelly followed by the manual removal of embedded sand fleas with a sterile needle. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pseudomonas

  Bacillus sp., Enteroccous faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas sp. were also isolated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mothers were almost exclusively responsible for treatment and knowledge transfer to the next generation. The health sector neither provided health education nor treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnosis Physical Examination Skin Extremities Nails Trunk Treatment Treatment for tungiasis include physical removal of the flea by use of forceps or needles, application of topical anti-parasitic medicine, and surgery to completely remove the nodules [wikidoc.org]

Wearing shoes when walking outside and avoiding direct contact with sand and pebbles Removing sand and pebbles from inside or around homes and establishing a concrete foundation (if possible) Sleeping indoors and not on the bare ground/soil What is the Prognosis [dovemed.com]

Knowledge about the etiological agent of tungiasis and its transmission was high in both communities: 90% knew the flea as the etiological agent of tungiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Knowledge about the etiology of tungiasis and its transmission was high in surveyed communities, 97.8% of the surveyed population indicated to have experienced tungiasis at least once in their lifetime. [ajol.info]

Diseases of uncertain etiology and environmental diseases in tropics. In, "Tropical Pathology." Editors: H. Spencer, A. D. Dayan, J. B. Gibson, R. G. Huntsman, M. S. R. Hutt, G. C. Jenkins, F. Koberle, B. G. MacGraith and K. Salfelder. [jpgmonline.com]

(Etiology) Tungiasis is caused by a burrowing parasitic flea known as the chigoe flea. [dovemed.com]

Systematic studies are needed to increase knowledge on the epidemiological situation of tungasis in Tanzania and to identify endemic areas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Systematic studies are needed to increase knowledge on the epidemiological situation of tungasis in Tanzania and to identify endemic areas. Author Biography Humphrey D. [jidc.org]

Case Overview TUNGIASIS Member Rated 0 Patient case no. 10642 Date added 04 August 2009 Patient details Age Adult Location Argentina Localisation Lower limbs / feet / toes Primary Lesions Cyst Translucent nodule Ulcer Pathophysiology infectious diseases [dermquest.com]

Future studies are needed to increase the knowledge on the biology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, therapy and control of the ectoparasite. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The aim of the present scrutiny was to assess the public health impact of tungiasis, associated risk factors, and emerging opportunities to prevent and control tungiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

All precautions should be taken to prevent secondary infections such as cellulitis, bacteremia, tetanus and gangrene. How can you prevent tungiasis? Wearing shoes when travelling in endemic regions can easily prevent infestation. [dermnetnz.org]

Causes and prevention The pregnant sand flea burrows into the skin around toes and produces large numbers of eggs. [privatehealth.co.uk]