Presentation
The lid fissures slant downward and epicanthal folds are with ptosis are generally present. Strabismus and nystagmus are characteristic features. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]
Several years later, at the age of 23, he abruptly presented with drop attack, dysarthria, and left hemiparesis. [mdpi.com]
In this study, we present detailed clinical information of 16 novel individuals with biallelic NALCN variants, 1 individual with a heterozygous de novo NALCN missense variant and an interesting clinical phenotype without contractures, and 12 individuals [staffsites.sohag-univ.edu.eg]
Other features that may be present: Some children suffer from Epileptic seizures, sweating, excessive drooling, growth retardation, ataxia, Bruxism and Cerebellar atrophy. [rareepilepsynetwork.org]
Joint contractures (e.g., hip, elbow, knee) can present from an early age. Later-onset scoliosis can be seen. Ongoing physiotherapy, stretching, and bracing improves some of the limitations encountered with contractures and/or scoliosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- High-Pitched Cry
Seizures, involuntary side-to-side movements of the eyes (nystagmus), eyes that do not point in the same direction (strabismus), and a high-pitched cry can also occur in this disorder. [medlineplus.gov]
Some also manifest extremity hypertonia and a high-pitched cry. Seizures may develop during infancy or childhood. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Crying
Seizures, involuntary side-to-side movements of the eyes (nystagmus), eyes that do not point in the same direction (strabismus), and a high-pitched cry can also occur in this disorder. [medlineplus.gov]
Some also manifest extremity hypertonia and a high-pitched cry. Seizures may develop during infancy or childhood. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Weight Gain
Individuals do not have evidence of endocrine anomalies that would account for the poor weight gain. Gastrointestinal features. Constipation is common and has been attributed to hypotonia. Musculoskeletal features. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Arachnodactyly
Angelman syndrome Deficient expression or function of the maternally inherited UBE3A allele Bursts of laughter, macrostomia, tongue protrusion, prognathism, widely spaced teeth, mild cortical atrophy Glass syndrome (OMIM 612313) SATB2 Cleft palate, arachnodactyly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Asymptomatic
Heterozygotes (carriers) are asymptomatic and are not at risk of developing the disorder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
- Overeating
The disorder does not typically get worse over time; development of intellectual function and motor skills, such as rolling over and sitting, is slow and limited, but once skills are learned, they are usually retained. [medlineplus.gov]
The few affected children who achieve developmental milestones often lose these skills over time (developmental regression). 1. [encyclopedia.pub]
The Longhorns led the entire way in a game they needed after a 35-point blowout loss over the weekend at West Virginia, the worst loss in coach Shaka Smart's career. [eu.oklahoman.com]
Unfortunately, we take a lot of bad shots ourselves and it is unlikely that we will shoot over 50% against them, which is what Wake AND BC did. [tomahawknation.com]
The Tar Heels survived a very discombobulated middle stretch in the first half to stake a seven point halftime lead on the way to a 80-69 win over Northwestern in the CBE Hall of Fame Classic. [tarheelblog.com]
Jaw & Teeth
- Widely Spaced Teeth
spaced teeth, mild cortical atrophy Glass syndrome (OMIM 612313) SATB2 Cleft palate, arachnodactyly, joint laxity, ectodermal anomalies Rett syndrome MECP2 Postnatal microcephaly, seizures, poor growth, esotropia, scoliosis, repetitive behaviors 1. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ears
- Low-Set Posteriorly Rotated Ears
/posteriorly rotated ears 10/17 59% Broad nasal bridge 11/19 58% Anteverted nares 11/19 58% Enlarged nares 7/19 37% Short & smooth philtrum 10/13 77% Thin vermilion of upper lip 8/18 44% Tented vermilion of upper lip 10/13 77% Micrognathia 10/19 53% Adapted [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Musculoskeletal
- Dolichocephaly
[…] high nasal bridge w/anteverted nares, macroglossia, gingival hyperplasia, & exaggerated cupid's bow; abnormal brain imaging; optic atrophy Phelan-McDermid syndrome Terminal or interstitial deletion of chromosome 22q13.3 Normal or accelerated growth, dolichocephaly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Small Hand
Postnatal weight <3rd centile 11/12 92% Postnatal microcephaly 11/19 58% Gastrointestinal Constipation 5/6 83% Musculoskeletal Scoliosis 10/13 77% Joint contractures 10/10 100% Clubfeet 6/9 67% Long, thin fingers 9/9 100% Tapering of distal phalanx 9/9 100% Small [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Thin Fingers
fingers 9/9 100% Tapering of distal phalanx 9/9 100% Small hands & feet 5/6 83% Ophthalmologic Strabismus 11/11 100% Nystagmus 2/4 50% Nonspecific facial features Triangular face 16/19 84% Frontal bossing 5/9 56% Downslanted palpebral fissures 10/19 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Face, Head & Neck
- Broad Nasal Bridge
nasal bridge 11/19 58% Anteverted nares 11/19 58% Enlarged nares 7/19 37% Short & smooth philtrum 10/13 77% Thin vermilion of upper lip 8/18 44% Tented vermilion of upper lip 10/13 77% Micrognathia 10/19 53% Adapted from Valkanas et al [2016] DD = developmental [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Neurologic
- Excitement
The sodium leak channel NALCN is a highly conserved crucial player of cell excitability. [rareepilepsynetwork.org]
In particular, the NALCN channelosome is important in nerve cells (neurons), helping to regulate their activity level (excitability). [medlineplus.gov]
Bertoli-Avella shared first Publication DOI or URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-018-1929-5 Abstract NALCN is a conserved cation channel, which conducts a permanent sodium leak current and regulates resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability [staffsites.sohag-univ.edu.eg]
Extracellular calcium controls background current and neuronal excitability via an UNC79-UNC80-NALCN cation channel complex. Neuron. 2010;68:488–99. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure
Seizures may develop during infancy or childhood. Focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myotonic seizures, aclonic seizures, and atypical absence seizures have been described. All respond well to anticonvulsive medications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Focal Seizure
Seizures may develop during infancy or childhood. Focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myotonic seizures, aclonic seizures, and atypical absence seizures have been described. All respond well to anticonvulsive medications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Behavior Problem
Behavioral features. Some individuals have behavioral difficulties including repetitive and self-stimulatory behaviors and difficulties with emotional regulation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Treatment Treatment Options: No treatment has been reported. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]
Up to date, there are no treatments available to patients. [rareepilepsynetwork.org]
Bipolar disorders, Epilepsy, Attention-deficit/Hyperactive disorder; Autism; 13q Syndrome, Alzheimer disease, Alcoholism, Restless leg syndrome, Primary biliary cirrhosis, cancer… HOPE Children with NALCN ion channel-related diseases have no effective treatments [fundacionlibellas.org]
Treatment of Manifestations in Individuals with UNC80 Deficiency Manifestation/Concern Treatment Ocular abnormalities (nystagmus/strabismus) Ophthalmologic management Oral feeding difficulties G-tube feeding Constipation Standard management Orthopedic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Pulmonary hypoplasia is common which, together with kidney and liver disease, is responsible for the poor prognosis of most infants. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]
Prognosis. Reported individuals span ages from birth to 15 years [Perez et al 2016, Shamseldin et al 2016, Stray-Pedersen et al 2016, Valkanas et al 2016]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
The NRG1–ERBB4 signaling pathway has been recently implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and… 26 Citations References SHOWING 1-10 OF 15 REFERENCES [semanticscholar.org]
Prevention
Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. [hal.inserm.fr]
We try to prevent teams from getting early quick looks at the basket; we force them into bad shots and turnovers. We challenge shots. UNC likes to take the ball from you and run or if you miss, the ball is going up the court extremely fast. [tomahawknation.com]
Antiphospholipid antibodies could represent the key of interaction that should be checked even in genetic disorders presenting with stroke, as they could help to address a more specific anticoagulant therapy in order to prevent the evolution of the cerebrovascular [mdpi.com]