TY - JOUR T1 - A patient with undifferentiated carcinoma of gallbladder presenting with hemobilia. [unboundmedicine.com]

We describe an unusual presentation of HP in a 17-year-old female with a history acute idiopathic pancreatitis who presented with nausea followed by an episode of hematemesis. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Case presentation The patient was a 61-year-old male who presented to our hospital with increased blood levels of hepatobiliary system enzymes detected during a health check-up. He had a past medical history of hypertension and appendectomy. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

Clinical Presentation and Management Patients often present with a mass, sudden onset of right upper quadrant pain, or bleeding due to rupture of the liver capsule. [lecturio.com]

The clinical symptoms are nonspecific and are not distinctive from benign cystic liver lesions unless an invasive growth of the tumor occurs or distant metastases are present. [radiopaedia.org]

• Pain

  Clinical Presentation and Management Patients often present with a mass, sudden onset of right upper quadrant pain, or bleeding due to rupture of the liver capsule. [lecturio.com]

  LLC involving the gall bladder (LLC-GB) has been described only once in the literature. [1 ] Case report A 64-year-old lady presented with right upper abdominal pain of three months duration. Clinical examination was normal. [tropicalgastro.com]

  Right upper quadrant pain, fever, and rigors suggest cholangitis (this is unusual without drainage attempts). Cholangiocarcinoma usually presents after the disease is advanced. [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

  The symptoms are non specific consisting mainly in hepato-biliary signs, digestive signs or abdominal pain. Our patient was asymptomatic. [omicsonline.org]

  Posthepatic biliary cirrhosis -Secondary to congestive heart failure: Metabolic disturbances causing bile composition changes, bile stasis, GB infection Cholelithiasis Clinical, Laboratory, and Related Findings -Patient may or may nor be experiencing pain [quizlet.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  [Level of evidence: 3iiiDiii] The optimal surgical procedure for carcinoma of the perihilar bile duct varies according to the location of the tumor along the biliary tree, the extent of hepatic parenchymal involvement, and the proximity of the tumor to [siteman.wustl.edu]

  However, radiation therapy (external-beam radiation therapy [EBRT] with or without brachytherapy) has been reported to improve local control.[ 4, 5 ][ Level of evidence: 3iiiDiii ] The optimal surgical procedure for carcinoma of the perihilar bile duct [cancer.gov]

  However, radiation therapy (external-beam radiation therapy [EBRT] with or without brachytherapy) has been reported to improve local control.[ 4, 5 ][Level of evidence: 3iiiDiii] The optimal surgical procedure for carcinoma of the perihilar bile duct [cigna.com]

• Lymphadenopathy

  […] color flow -Malignant disorder of blood and blood-forming organs (bone marrow and reticuloendothelial system) -Basic cause unknown; environmental factors and genetic predisposition likely Leukemia Acute Ultrasound -Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly -May see lymphadenopathy [quizlet.com]

  The liver was normal and there was no sign of ascites or peri-pancreatic lymphadenopathy. [joplink.net]

  The solid or cystic nature of the lesion; number, size and location of the lesion/s; absence or presence of hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, steatosis, regional lymphadenopathy and calculi; and status of the biliary tract are important clues to the final diagnosis [cytojournal.com]

• Malaise

  A 73-year-old man presented with general malaise. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the distal common bile duct, accompanied by dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. [link.springer.com]

  This is particularly true with more proximal intrahepatic and perihilar tumours obstructing one duct, which often present with systemic manifestations of malignancy, such as malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

  （中、理解） A Gilbert's syndrome B Type 1 Crigler-Najjar syndrome C Chronic hemolysis D Rotor syndrome E Dubin-Johnson syndrome 1257．A 20-year-old female presents to the emergency room with jaundice and malaise of 1 week duration. [read.cucdc.com]

• Collapse

  […] syndrome Giant cavernous hemangiomas (> 4-10 cm) only rarely rupture 12 Hemangioma Gross: solitary (70-90%), usually 2-4 cm, although tumors up to 20 cm are overrepresented in studies of excisions; soft, red-purple, well circumscribed; subcapsular or deep; collapse [slideplayer.com]

  7-128 病毒性肝炎（低倍镜，三色） This trichrome stain demonstrates the collapse of the liver parenchyma with viral hepatitis. The blue-staining areas are the connective tissue of many portal tracts that have collapsed together. 三色染色可见病毒性肝炎肝细胞的坏死。 [jpkc.czmc.cn]

• Abdominal Pain

  LLC involving the gall bladder (LLC-GB) has been described only once in the literature. [1 ] Case report A 64-year-old lady presented with right upper abdominal pain of three months duration. Clinical examination was normal. [tropicalgastro.com]

  The symptoms are non specific consisting mainly in hepato-biliary signs, digestive signs or abdominal pain. Our patient was asymptomatic. [omicsonline.org]

  A 46-year-old man presented with LUQ abdominal pain 3 months after a moderately severe case of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

  pain, more prominent fibrosis and a lesser myxoid component than childhood cases, usually no extramedullary hematopoiesis Treatment: excision, liver transplantation may be necessary 15 Mesenchymal Hamartoma Gross: well circumscribed, solitary, 5-23 cm [slideplayer.com]

  Pronunciation koh-LAN-jee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-muh [2] Specialty Oncology Symptoms Abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, generalized itching, fever [1] Usual onset 70 years old [3] Types Intrahepatic, perihilar, distal [3] Risk factors Primary sclerosing [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hypertension

  Case presentation: We describe the case of a 71-year-old patient, with a past medical history of hypertension that was explored for a prostatic adenocarcinoma. [omicsonline.org]

  He had a past medical history of hypertension and appendectomy. He smoked ten cigarettes per day for 40 years but had no history of habitual alcohol drinking. There was no pertinent family medical history. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

  7-139 门脉高压致食管静脉曲张 A much more serious problem produced by portal hypertension results when submucosal veins in the esophagus become dilated. These are known as esophageal varices. [jpkc.czmc.cn]

  […] young (median age 38 years); some studies show female predominance Represents 2-10% of pediatric hepatic tumors May be associated with oral contraceptives (66-95% of cases), hepatic cavernous hemangioma (20%), glycogen storage disease type Ia, portal hypertension [slideplayer.com]

  Numerous procedures confirmed portal biliopathy—a large peri-biliary varix compressing the common bile duct, causing biliary obstruction and intermittent portal hypertensive hemobilia. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

• Jaundice

  CASE REPORT A 60-year-old male who had had recurrent episodes of cholangitis and obstructive jaundice for one year. [joplink.net]

  We report a further child with this disorder who presented with prolonged neonatal jaundice followed by symptoms of malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This 77 year-old male, presented with silent jaundice, he has been under medical check up with an upper endoscopy, Computed Tomography and different Imaging Studies in another institution but the diagnosis was overlooked. [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

  Full Text | PDF Primary Bile Duct Melanoma Causing Obstructive Jaundice Naga S. Addepally, MBBS 1, Jagpal S. [acgcasereports.gi.org]

  "Aetiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice and diagnostic ability of ultrasonography: a clinician's perspective". Tropical Gastroenterology. 20 (4): 167–9. PMID 10769604. ^ Bloom CM, Langer B, Wilson SR (1999). [en.wikipedia.org]

• Back Pain

  The most common significant symptoms reported were fatigue (82%), back pain (32%), and difficulty with digestion (31%). [cancerindex.org]

• Ulcer

  7-34 十二指肠溃疡（大体） The strongest association with Helicobacter pylori is with duodenal peptic ulceration--over 85% of duodenal ulcers. Seen here is a penetrating acute ulceration in the duodenum just beyond the pylorus. [jpkc.czmc.cn]

  On upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, an ulcerative tumor with raised margins was observed in the ampulla of Vater (Fig. 2 ). [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

  Histopathology of the resected specimen showed surface epithelial ulceration and infiltration by a tumor composed of syncytial sheets and islands of atypical polygonal cells intermixed and surrounded by lymphoid cells (Figure 2). [tropicalgastro.com]

  Patients with sclerosing primary cholangitis, ‘inflammatory bowel disease’ (IBD), especially ulcerative colitis, and patients with either hepatholithiasis and dilatation of biliary ducts (Caroli syndrome) or hamartomas, predispose for BIL-IN and cholangiocarcinoma [oncolex.org]

  （难、理解） A．Elevated serum gastrin level B．Multiple gastrointestinal ulcers C．Gastrointestinal ulcers at unusual locations D．Positive urease breath test E．Positive (abnormal) secretin stimulation test *1092．Peptic ulcer disease has long been considered [read.cucdc.com]

• Prolapse

  Moreover, the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse-associated heart failure worsened at this time and continuation of chemotherapy became difficult. The patient died of the primary disease 15 months postoperatively. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

  7-100 痔脱垂至肛门外（大体） Seen here is the anus and perianal region with prominent prolapsed true (internal) hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids consist of dilated submucosal veins which may thrombose and rupture with hematoma formation. [jpkc.czmc.cn]

• Encephalopathy

  （中、应用） 1512．Describe the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. （中、记忆） 1513．Describe the clinical stages of the hepatic encephalopathy. （中、记忆） 1514．Dessribe the pathologic classification of the carcinoma of pancreas. [read.cucdc.com]

  Acute liver failure leads to hepatic encephalopathy. 由于过量使用退热药而导致了肝细胞的广泛坏死。右侧的肝细胞死亡，而左侧的肝细胞将要死亡。此种改变可见于各种各样的肝毒素所引起。急性肝功能衰竭导致肝性脑病。 7-160 多囊肾伴多囊肝（大体） Numerous cysts appear in this liver from a patient with dominant polycystic kidney disease (DPKD). [jpkc.czmc.cn]

Make a comprehensive diagnostic workup with data from ancillary techniques and molecular findings whenever appropriate. Effectively grasp complex topics and streamline decision- making by using extensive tables, graphs, and flowcharts. [books.google.de]

Pure light microscopic interpretation with immunohistochemical input may no longer suffice in the diagnostic workup towards an accurate tissue diagnosis. [cytojournal.com]

• Polyps

  Perforation and abcess formation - Gallbladder rupture with diffuse peritonitis - Porcelain gallbladder with increased risk of CA List 5 risk factors for gallbladder CA - gallstones - porcelain gallbladder - choledochal cyst - pancreatic duct abnormalities - polyps [brainscape.com]

  The size of this polyp--above 2 cm--makes the possibility of malignancy more likely, but this polyp proved to be benign. 图示息肉状腺瘤的表面可有出血（这也就是有的患者以大便潜血实验为首发症状），并且有一个较窄的基底。此腺瘤的大小超过2cm，可能发展为恶性肿瘤，但此腺瘤被证实为良性肿瘤。 [jpkc.czmc.cn]

  […] purulent inflammatory process due to untreated advanced cholecystitis -History of acute cholecystitis -Leukocytosis with left shift -May have increased ALP -Focal irregular GB wall thickening -Debris in GB -Pericholecystic fluid collection Gallbladder Polyps [quizlet.com]

  （中、理解） A．腺癌 B．腺鳞癌 C．鳞状细胞癌 D．未分化癌 E．类癌 *1108．Each of the following is considered a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma EXCEPT： （难、记忆） A．Duodenal ulcer B．Adenomatous polyps of the stomach C．Dietary nitrosamines D．Common variable immunodeficiency E．Previous [read.cucdc.com]

The book examines the challenges presented by the treatment of cancer on a larger scale within population groups, and the importance of recognising and supporting the needs of individual patients, both during and after treatment. [books.google.de]

Bile Duct Cancer Treatment Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer Treatment Changes to This Summary (02/09/2017) About This PDQ Summary Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment General Information About Bile Duct Cancer Cancer of the bile duct [siteman.wustl.edu]

Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid led to clinical and biochemical improvement in one patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other treatment options Other treatment options may include the following: Chemotherapy. [cigna.com]

Treatment and prognosis Surgical removal of the tumor by complete excision is often the treatment of choice. The overall prognosis is considered better than for other malignant tumors of the liver 8 . [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis Undifferentiated carcinomas are postulated to have a poorer prognosis than HCC, although evidence from more cases is needed to support this hypothesis. [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

On the other hand, undifferentiated carcinoma of the common bile duct grew in a polypoid pattern and could be discovered in an early stage, leading to favorable prognosis [ 3 ]. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

Anatomic stage/prognosis groups Table. Distal bile duct tumor staging Table. Histologic grading Table. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] pathogen Complex mass containing septations and/or debris relating to pus, necrosis, or fluid; presence of gas with increased echogencity and posterior shadowing -Irregular, thick borders -Parenchymal echo pattern may be distorted Hepatic Candidiasis Etiology [quizlet.com]

Etiology Etiology is not well known. Epidemiology Undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver is very rare, accounting for less than 2% of all epithelial liver tumors. [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

Etiology The exact cause of HCC is unknown, although several risk factors have been identified. The four major risk factors associated with HCC are: 1. [lecturio.com]

Not much is known about the etiology of this tumor. [joplink.net]

The etiological, clinical, pathological, and molecular features are needed to be future studied by multicentric efforts in recruiting more EBV-associated IHCC patients. [cancerindex.org]

It is a welcome combination of epidemiology, aspects of basic science, pharmacology and radiation therapy that trainees will fine a nice change...should enjoy a wide readership...because of its appealing design and comprehensive approach to oncology. [books.google.de]

The epidemiology of pancreatic, gallbladder, and other biliarytract cancers. [docslide.com.br]

Epidemiology Undifferentiated carcinoma of the liver is very rare, accounting for less than 2% of all epithelial liver tumors. There is a male preponderance, but no data on its geographic distribution are available. [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

Food-borne trematodiases in Southeast Asia epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestation and control. Advances in Parasitology. 72. pp. 305–50. doi : 10.1016/S0065-308X(10)72011-X. ISBN 9780123815132. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology Although there is a relationship between hormonal stimulation and the development of hepatic adenomas, the exact cause is not yet known. [lecturio.com]

[…] dioxide which was used as a radiologic contrast medium, has been linked to the development of cholangiocarcinoma as late as 30–40 years after exposure; Thorotrast was banned in the United States in the 1950s due to its carcinogenicity. [35] [36] [37] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Janssens, European Journal of Cancer Prevention * This volume provides a comprehensive account of the multiple aspects of best practice in the discipline, making it an indispensable resource for oncologists of all grades and subspecialty interests. * [books.google.de]

Precursor lesions Similar to many other cancer types, there are precursor lesions in the liver possible to diagnose and prevent from further developing into manifest cancer. [oncolex.org]

Efforts to identify and develop new agents for prevention and treatment of this deadly disease are urgent. [cancerindex.org]

However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary].” [siteman.wustl.edu]