This work presents state-of-the-art techniques in thoracic surgery from the investigators who have developed them. Each of the succinct chapters represents the personal treatment protocols of leading experts. [books.google.de]

[…] chest No or small alterations May be present Third (very severe) Amastia; areolar asymmetry Different manifestations Present May be present Degree of presentation Mammary alterations Musculoskeletal chest alterations Ipsilateral superior limb alterations [academic.oup.com]

Each of the succinct chapters represents the personal treatment protocols of leading experts. The Advanced Therapy concept is famous for conveying therapeutic information in an efficient, quick-review fashion. [books.google.de]

Treatment of Poland Syndrome Many patients may not seek he treatment. The treatment of Poland Syndrome would depend on the specific symptoms. Generally, the patients present for treatment of the chest deformity and breast asymmetry. [boneandspine.com]

There are various opinions on the timing to start treatment of patients with Poland syndrome. [journals.eco-vector.com]

Edelweiss Aesthetic improvements in Poland's syndrome treatment with omentum flap [12] A.E. Seyfer, J.P. Fox, C.G. [archbronconeumol.org]

PMID: 8915289 Prognosis Chalak LF, Parham DM Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007 Mar-Apr;10(2):134-7. doi: 10.2350/06-04-00801.1. PMID: 17378683 Beals RK, Crawford S Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976 Sep;(119):166-71. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment and prognosis The condition is benign and depending on the degree of involvement of the upper extremity may be asymptomatic. Cosmetic reconstructive surgery may be considered (e.g. breast implant). [radiopaedia.org]

Etiology J Pediatr Orthop 2012 Oct-Nov;32(7):727-31. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318269c898. PMID: 22955538 Seyfer AE, Fox JP, Hamilton CG Plast Reconstr Surg 2010 Sep;126(3):902-11. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181e60435. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This non-genetic and non-teratogenic etiology suggests that Poland syndrome is entirely sporadic. [annsaudimed.net]

The etiology is unknown, but speculation includes hypoplasia of the subclavian artery or its branches between the 6th and 7th week of gestation. [humpath.com]

The etiology of this syndrome is obscure, although two pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed. [aafp.org]

[…] of serratus, external oblique, pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi, [1] infraspinatus, and supraspinatus muscles Total absence of anterolateral ribs and herniation of lung Symphalangism with syndactyly and hypoplasia or aplasia of the middle phalanges Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology The true incidence of Poland’s Syndrome is difficult to estimate due to the variability with which it presents and the differences that occur in the specific patient cohorts. [thoracickey.com]

We hypothesise that the HK1 located on the chromosome 10 encoding hexokinase-1 is possibly linked to the pathophysiology of CHI. Learning points: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is known to be associated with various syndromes. [edmcasereports.com]

This surgical procedure is recommended for large anterior chest wall defects, and it prevents paradoxical movement. Moreover it provides for individual remodeling of the defect depending on the shape of the patient's chest. [archbronconeumol.org]

The disturbance of the blood supply is due to thrombus or embolus, which prevent the blood to arrive at the developing tissue. [mjdrdypu.org]

Some authors believe that surgery should be performed at the end of adolescence, which will enable maximum symmetry and prevent subsequent interventions [2, 29], while others show good results in treatment of children at an earlier age [30, 31]. [journals.eco-vector.com]

The interruption of the blood supply is caused by thrombus or embolus, which prevent the blood from reaching the developing tissue. Another cause of blood supply interruption is the maldevelopment of vessels. [jpma.org.pk]