Lower motor neuron disease causes weakness, loss of muscle ("atrophy") and muscle twitching ("fasciculations"). ALS may begin with abnormalities of upper or lower motor neurons. [neurology.emory.edu]

Apraxia (Medical Encyclopedia) Hand or foot spasms (Medical Encyclopedia) Muscle atrophy (Medical Encyclopedia) Muscle function loss (Medical Encyclopedia) Muscle twitching (Medical Encyclopedia) Myotonia congenita (Medical Encyclopedia) Spasticity (Medical [icdlist.com]

These persistent muscle twitches are generally not painful but can interfere with sleep. They are the result of the ongoing disruption of signals from the nerves to the muscles that occurs in ALS. [mda.org]

In upper motor neuron (UMN) disease, patients often experience resistance to movement and stiffness (muscle spasticity), over-reactive reflexes, and the Babinski sign, a specific reflex indicating damage to the neural pathways between the brain and spinal [newhealthadvisor.com]

Involvement of UMN results in stiffness of muscles (spasticity) and slowed movements. People may have only LMN or UMN signs early in the illness but typically develop a combination of the two as the disease progresses. [mndnsw.asn.au]

Oral antispastic agents are usually indicated in patients with diffuse or regional muscle spasticity rather than localized muscle spasticity. [cambridge.org]

Disease of the upper motor neurons causes stiffness of muscles (spasticity), muscle weakness and exaggerated tendon reflexes, such as knee jerks. [theconversation.com]

Bohannon RW, Smith MB (1987) Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 67: 206–207. View Article Google Scholar 15. [journals.plos.org]

Again the level of the problem can generally be inferred from accompanying symptoms and signs, for example: Back pain and sciatica suggests a root problem Weakness of the biceps with absence of the biceps reflex, with upper motor neurone signs in the [ole.bris.ac.uk]

Female carriers may manifest more subtle symptoms such as cramps, back pain, or arthralgias. [clinicalgate.com]

Progressive sensorimotor deficits in the lower extremities with a history of memory loss or “attention deficit disorder” should also prompt testing for adrenomyeloneuropathy, as should a history of idiopathic childhood epilepsy or primary adrenal failure [clinicalgate.com]

No spasticity or hyperreflexia. [brainscape.com]

Examination reveals UMN signs in the legs (weakness, spasticity, pathological reflexes, hyperreflexia), although reflexes may also be brisk in the arms. [clinicalgate.com]

Neuron Lesion findings Muscle group weakness (not complete paralysis) Minimal muscle atrophy "Clasp-knife" spasticity Initial resistance to motion is strongest Once initial resistance gives-way, resistance to motion is less for remaining range of motion Hyperreflexia [fpnotebook.com]

[…] motor neurons are neurons from the cerebral cortex to the anterior horn Lower motor neurons are neurons from the anterior horn to the peripheral muscle Motor Neuron Signs Type Clinical Features Upper motor neuron signs Weakness Increased muscle tone Hyperreflexia [medbullets.com]

[…] brain injury, spinal cord injury Polio, Guillain Barre, Peripheral nerve injury, Peripheral neuropathy, Radiculopathy Tone Increased: Hypertonia, velocity dependent Decreased or absent: hypotonia, flaccidity, not velocity dependent Reflexes Increased: hyperreflexia [physiotherapy-treatment.com]

Concurrently, hyperreflexia of the jaw jerk and bilateral upper limb reflexes were normalized, and the bilateral Babinski reflexes became negative. Gaze paretic nystagmus and finger-to-nose incoordination were also improved. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

There are also rare progressive, autosomal recessive upper motor neuron degenerations (Infantile –Onset Ascending Hereditary Spastic Paralysis, Juvenile Primary Lateral Sclerosis, and Juvenile ALS) which begin during childhood and present with spasticity [neuropathology-web.org]

Patients may experience cognitive changes, for example trouble learning new things, or forgetting facts. They may also have problems with concentration and language. A small number of MND patients also develop dementia. [newhealthadvisor.com]