PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study was carried out of all patients presenting to the ED with a urinary catheter problem, specifically studying LTCs and the reason for presentation, district nurses' involvement, and the intervention received. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  The performance on extracting urinary symptoms (including fever) was high with recall and precision greater than 90%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Signs: Urinary Catheter associated UTI See also Urinary Tract Infection Pyelonephritis signs Fever over 38.3C (100.9F) for over 24 hours Mental status change Hypotension Increased urine cloudiness Increased frequency of Urinary Catheter blockage Increased [fpnotebook.com]

  There are signs of a kidney infection, such as a fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher or back or flank pain. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or shaking chills occur. [uwhealth.org]

  There are signs of a kidney infection, such as a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) or higher or back or flank pain. Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or shaking chills occur. [myhealth.alberta.ca]

• Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection

  With the exception of recurrent urinary-tract infections, complications of urinary catheters are rare. The patient presented a diagnostic dilemma that was solved with a preoperative computed tomographic scan. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The MTG introducer tip is designed to reduce the risk of recurrent Urinary Tract Infections ( see video for proper usage instructions ). [medtechga.com]

• Heart Failure

  Table 2 Reason for indwelling urinary catheters in patients who developed a nosocomial urinary tract infection by appropriateness (n 24) Congestive Heart Failure 4 Renal failure 1 Intake and output 2 Intensive Care Unit admission 3 Hip fracture 1 Surgical [bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com]

  Common comorbidities included renal failure (23.5 percent), chronic lung disease (16.7 percent), paraplegia (11.2 percent), other neurologic diseases (13.3 percent), diabetes (10.2 percent), and heart failure (9.5 percent). [ahrq.gov]

• Ulcer

  Medical devices often are overlooked as a potential cause of pressure ulcers. Indwelling urinary catheters have been described as a cause of urethral erosion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Catheter appropriateness for incontinent patients with pressure ulcers varied by ulcer stage, as detailed in Tables 2 and 4. [annals.org]

  The site where the catheter exits the urethra may become ulcerated if the long-term catheter is not properly secured. [livestrong.com]

  […] drain the bladder before or during a surgical procedure, during recovery from a serious illness or injury, or to collect urine for testing  A urinary catheter may be used for a person who is incontinent of urine, if the person has wounds or pressure ulcers [slideshare.net]

• Excoriation

  A thorough physical assessment of the patient upon each visit should focus on the presence of any drainage and excoriation of the urethral orifice, which may indicate leakage or irritation from the catheter ( Nazarko, 2009 ). [journals.lww.com]

• Suggestibility

  Abstract Multiple evidence-based guidelines have suggested clinicians consider external collection devices (ECD) as alternatives to indwelling catheters. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of evidence-based resources concerning their use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Meningism

  A case of fatal Serratia marcescens septicaemia with meningitis, brain abscesses, and myocarditis discovered at necropsy is described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hematuria

  In general: Size 12-14 Fr for women draining clear urine Size 14-16 Fr for men draining clear urine Size 16-18 Fr for patients with debris or mucous in their urine Sizes in excess of 18 Fr for patients with hematuria, unless otherwise specified by physician [meds.queensu.ca]

  DYSURIA – PAINFUL OR DIFFICULT URINATION HEMATURIA – BLOOD IN THE URINE NOCTURIA – FREQUENT URINATION AT NIGHT POLYURIA – LARGE AMOUNTS OF URINE URINARY FREQUENCY – VOIDING AT FREQUENT INTERVALS URINARY URGENCY – THE NEED TO VOID AT ONCE 5.  Urinary [slideshare.net]

  […] is too small Bladder spasms Constipation The wrong balloon size Urinary tract infections POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS Complications of catheter use include: Allergy or sensitivity to latex Bladder stones Blood infections ( septicemia ) Blood in the urine (hematuria [medlineplus.gov]

• Cloudy Urine

  Initial catheterisation (male) with clear or slightly cloudy urine, no or mild grit, light haematuria with no or small blood clots only - 16 Ch/5.3 mm. [patient.info]

  Urine that is dark red in color is a sign of blood, and foul-smelling or cloudy urine may indicate infection. If either of these are present, contact your medical provider immediately. [wikihow.com]

  Where possible avoid disconnecting the IDC circuit to minimise risk of contamination Monitor for and report signs of infection including fever, offensive smelling urine, unexplained blood or cloudy urine. [rch.org.au]

• Pyuria

  Acute urethral syndrome, which occurs in women, is a syndrome involving dysuria, frequency, and pyuria (dysuria-pyuria syndrome), which thus resembles cystitis. [merckmanuals.com]

  Urinalysis not collected in ED or as part of admission work-up. ___ Urinalysis results were NOT suggestive of UTI (no leukocyte esterase, no nitrite, no WBCs, no WBC casts, no microorganisms) ___ Positive leukocyte esterase ___ Positive nitrite ___ Pyuria [ahrq.gov]

  View Article PubMed Google Scholar Tambyah PA, Maki DG: The relationship between pyuria and infection in patients with indwelling urinary catheters: a prospective study of 761 patients. [bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com]

• Blood Culture Positive

  Urine and blood cultures positive for the same pathogen within 7 days were used to define catheter-associated bacteriuria and bacteremia. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for bacteremia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Of the five patients who underwent treatment for cervical stenosis, all had normal menstrual cycles restored. Four of these patients successfully became pregnant after treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PubMed Google Scholar Tal S, Guller V, Levi S, Bardenstein R, Berger D, Gurevich I, Gurevich A: Profile and prognosis of febrile elderly patients with bacteremic urinary tract infection. [bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com]

The prognosis and management of the neurogenic bladder: clean intermittent catheterization. Accessed at on 1 June 2014. American Urological Association. American Urological Association Guidelines. [annals.org]

Overview Background Urethral catheterization is a routine medical procedure that facilitates direct drainage of the urinary bladder. [1] It may be used for diagnostic purposes (to help determine the etiology of various genitourinary conditions) or therapeutically [emedicine.medscape.com]

Copyright 2015 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology: Causative Organisms IV. Symptoms: Urinary Catheter associated UTI Typical UTI symptoms may be present (e.g. [fpnotebook.com]

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are costly, common and often preventable by reducing unnecessary urinary catheter (UC) use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections 2009 Prevention Facilities can monitor the rates of Catheter-associated UTIs and assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts through CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network [cdc.gov]