Seven patients presented with vesicovaginal fistulas (43%), of which one healed spontaneously. Eight patients had ureterovaginal fistulas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Includes "Cardinal Presentations" sections that provide quick and easy guidance on differential diagnosis and directed testing. [books.google.com]

If neither portion is stained but the upper sponge is wet, a ureterovaginal fistula may be present. [aafp.org]

• Abdominal Rigidity

  - Suprapubic tenderness present but no dullness. - Varying degree of abdominal rigidity and distension and sometimes shifting dullness. - P/R examination: bulging of rectovesical pouch. 11. [slideshare.net]

  Signs of peritoneal irritation (abdominal rigidity, rebound tenderness, and voluntary guarding) may also be present because of extravasation of blood or urine into the peritoneal cavity. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Hypotension

  Presenting features There may be hypovolaemia, hypotension and shock. Clinical signs of bladder injury are relatively nonspecific. The following may occur: Macroscopic haematuria. [patient.info]

  Previous studies indicated that hypovolemia, hypotension, sepsis, the use of nephrotoxic drugs, contrast media and urinary obstruction were AKI risk factors in UTI patients [ 23, 24 ]. [journals.plos.org]

  Portable films were obtained 5-10 minutes following the injection. 19 patients (47.5%) were hypotensive (BP = 90 mm Hg. Before this, 19 patients put in 36 gunshot wounds, 4 stab wounds. [east.org]

Ped Clin North Am 48:1539–1557 CrossRef Google Scholar Mingin GC, Hinds A, Nguyen HT, Baskin LS (2004) Children with a febrile urinary tract infection and a negative radiologic workup: factors predictive of recurrence. [link.springer.com]

Peterson NE III Retrospective review of 157 penetrating; 225 blunt pts Workup consisted of IVP, retrograde cysto- urethrography; occasional arteriography and CT. [east.org]

These injuries require urgent treatment and close teamwork between urologic and orthopaedic surgeons. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Kidney Injuries Treatment for kidney injuries depends on the type and severity of the injury, and whether the patient has any other injuries. [ucsfhealth.org]

Anytime there is a failure to diagnose a UTI in a timely manner and start treatments, it can lead to devastating results including serious harm, or death. [rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com]

Promising treatments In the future it will be possible to regenerate muscle with stem cells. Anterior root stimulators may become an alternative treatment to restore functional voiding. [cmej.org.za]

It should be a focus of treatment strategies. [books.google.com]

[…] anterolaterally extraluminal contrast into perivesical space (simple) molar tooth sign extension of extraluminal contrast to the thigh, scrotum or perineum (complex) combined mixed features of intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal rupture Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Erectile dysfunction occurs in 20-60% of patients after traumatic urethral rupture. [ 9 ] Prognosis Traumatic bladder ruptures were once uniformly fatal. They are currently usually managed successfully. [patient.info]

The best predictor of prognosis is the level and completeness of injury, as measured by the ASIA impairment scale.[121] The neurological score at the initial evaluation done 72 hours after injury is the best predictor of how much function will return. [en.wikipedia.org]

Lack of fever may contribute to lower resistance to infection, delayed recovery [ 17 ], higher mortality rate, and poor prognosis [ 46 ]. [journals.plos.org]

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive literature review of the incidence, location, etiology, timing, management, and long-term sequelae of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

URETHRAL INJURIESURETHRAL INJURIES  Injuries of membranous urethra:  Etiology: I. [slideshare.net]

Etiology Bladder rupture can be categorized into five types depending on the location and extent of the rupture: Bladder contusion This is commonly seen but sometimes not classed as true rupture, since it involves an incomplete tear of the mucosa. [radiopaedia.org]

Incidence, etiology, and risk factors for fever following acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2006;29:501-506（ V ） 13） Montgomerie JZ. Infections in patients with spinal cord injuries. [minds.jcqhc.or.jp]

J Am Acad Dermatol 35:486–487 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Pandhi RK, Kumar AS, Satish DA, Bhutani LK (1984) Fixed drug eruptions on male genitalia: clinical and etiologic study. [link.springer.com]

Finally, all primary data were collected according to procedures outlined in epidemiology guidelines to strengthen the reporting of observational studies. [journals.plos.org]

Clinical Epidemiology. 6: 309–31. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S68889. PMC 4179833. PMID 25278785. ^ Field-Fote 2009, p. 3. ^ Devivo MJ (May 2012). "Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications". [en.wikipedia.org]

Scand J Urol Nephrol 148 [Suppl]:1–47 Google Scholar Giwercman A, von der Maase H, Skakkebæk NE (1993) Epidemiological and clinical aspects of carcinoma in situ of the testis. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. J Urol 2000;164:1285-1289（ V ） 4） Biering-Sørensen F, Bagi P, Høiby N. Urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord lesions. [minds.jcqhc.or.jp]

Pathophysiology SCIs are common, especially in South Africa, where road accidents and violent crimes often occur. SCIs do not usually cause complete anatomical transection of the cord. [cmej.org.za]

Pathophysiology and Management of Fever. J Support Oncol. 2006; 4: 9–16. View Article Google Scholar 18. Kushimoto S, Yamanouchi S, Endo T, Sato T, Nomura R, Fujita M, et al. [journals.plos.org]

"Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury". Spine. 26 (24 Suppl): S2–12. doi:10.1097/00007632-200112151-00002. [en.wikipedia.org]

Like with other preventive plans such as vaccination, for instance, it is important to explore the effectiveness of this new preventive approach. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Of concern is the fact that most of the ureteric injuries were diagnosed post operatively which means that further vigilance and preventive strategies need to be designed. © 2007 S. [karger.com]

Effective methods to prevent UTI in people with SCI have been sought for many years. [cochrane.org]

Therefore, continuous follow-up of the SCI and the patient’s urinary tract is important to prevent long-term complications, especially to the upper tract. [cmej.org.za]