We present this case because of its rarity and for documentation and discussion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Localized Pain

  The patient underwent palliative radiation of pelvis for local pain control and then chemotherapy. Although the vaginal tumor increased in size even after radiation, her symptoms were under control and she was doing well for a short period of time. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  is very rare. [4] Patients with small cell carcinoma of female genital tract may be asymptomatic but usually present with localized pain, vaginal bleeding, abdominal bloating or a mass. [cancerjournal.net]

• Camping

  […] neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina with coexistent atypical vaginal adenosis: A rare entity 1 Department of Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Sector-5 Rohini, Delhi, India 2 Department of Pathology, MVID Hospital, Kingsway Camp [cancerjournal.net]

• Hepatomegaly

  On chest and abdominal examination the patient had bilateral pleural effusion, hepatomegaly and ascites. CT and ultrasound ( figure 4 ) revealed a heterogeneous mass that measured 5 4.8 4.5 cm located in the anterior vaginal wall. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subsequent clinical workup showed that the patient also had numerous metastatic nodules in the bilateral lungs and a vaginal-urethral fistula caused by the tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Indeed, immunohistochemistry is of no value in excluding a colorectal metastasis, 21 and a full clinicoradiologic workup of the patient is mandated prior to making this rare diagnosis. References 1. Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the vagina. [academic.oup.com]

Recognition of the etiologic role of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection in cervical cancer has led to the recommendation of adding HPV testing to the screening regimen in women 30-65 years of age (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment due to the rarity of this entity was controversial previously and current review of literature suggests surgical treatment with or without radiotherapy as the optimum treatment for early stage and radiotherapy for advanced stage vaginal carcinoma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the female genital tract is a rare entity with aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. This kind of malignancy arising in the vagina is extremely rare. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis is significantly dependent on stage. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] those with poor health Age of the individual: Older individuals generally have poorer prognosis than younger individuals Individuals with bulky disease have a poorer prognosis Involvement of the regional lymph nodes, which can adversely affect the prognosis [dovemed.com]

The etiology has not been identified, but the strongest association is with HPV infection and subtypes 16 and 18 have the highest oncogenic potential. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vaginal cancer is closely related to vulvar cancer in terms of etiology and histology, but it occurs inside the vagina (typically the posterior third of the vaginal wall), rather than the vulva. [amboss.com]

This suggests that a single etiologic factor is unlikely. [health.am]

The exact etiology is unknown but there are some predisposing factors i.e., HPV infection, vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, exposure to DES and radiation. [omicsonline.org]

Epidemiological aspects of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Minucci D, Cinel A, Insacco E, Oselladore M. Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Padua, Italy. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1995;22(1):36-42. [thedoctorsdoctor.com]

Statistical analysis of patient-control studies in epidemiology: factor under investigation an all-or-none variable. Br J Prev Soc Med 24: 42 –44, 1970 10. Smith OW:. Diethylstilbestrol in the prevention and treatment of complications of pregnancy. [nejm.org]

genital lichen planus ( hypertrophied skin with purple lesions) Etiology : unclear (hormonal, immunological, and/or infectious factors are believed to play a role) Epidemiology : postmenopausal women and, less commonly, prepubescent girls Clinical [amboss.com]

Epidemiology Incidence Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer in the UK, accounting for around 1% of all gynaecological cancers. [ 1 ] HIV-positive women have more vaginal intraepithelial lesions compared with negative controls. [patient.info]

The change in the epidemiologic trend in the United States has been attributed to mass screening with Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, which permits detection and treatment of preinvasive disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] adenocarcinoma of the vagina without any morphological characteristic features of other specific types (such as clear cell, endometrioid, mesonephric, mucinous) Terminology Primary non-DES (diethylstilbesterol) associated adenocarcinoma of vagina, NOS Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Pathophysiology Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection must be present for cervical cancer to occur. HPV infection occurs in a high percentage of sexually active women. [emedicine.medscape.com]

ovaries, cervix and vagina, will prevent cancer of these structures. When it comes to surgery in SRS patients with malignancies, an interdisciplinary approach should be chosen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Secondly, cervical cerclage, ligation of the fallopian tubes and vaginal douching should be performed during surgery to prevent carcinoma cells from implanting in other organs. [spandidos-publications.com]

How can Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vagina be Prevented? Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vagina may be prevented through the timely and adequate treatment of in situ Vaginal SCC. [dovemed.com]

Theodore Colton, of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School, for helpful suggestions with statistical analysis, to Dr. Robert E. [nejm.org]