However, in some women with mild-to-moderate severity, VVA occurs asymptomatically and verification of diagnosis is possible only with vaginal examination. 16 The diagnosis of VVA is made difficult by the low awareness of women about the pathological [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ospemifene has relatively weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects in classical hormonal tests, has an anti-osteoporosis effect, and reduces the level of total cholesterol. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Marked painless vulval edema may occur Acute vulvar ulcers or Lipschütz ulcers Acute painful genital ulcerations of the vulva or lower vagina. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Table 1 Differential diagnosis of VVA Condition Main symptoms and signs Vaginal infections Vaginal discharge (leukorrhea, xanthorrhea), pruritus, bad smell Allergic reactions Redness, swelling, pruritus, occasionally blistering, and pain Lichen planus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Women affected by this condition may present a variety of symptoms including vaginal and vulvar pain and irritation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Urinalysis may show microscopic hematuria. Recurrent urinary tract infections can also result. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The 3 most common vaginal infections are Candida vulvovaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis. Bacterial vaginosis may result from atrophic changes in the vagina. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]