Potential hepatotoxic effects of valerian were first reported in 1989 when MacGregor et al3 presented a case series of 4 patients. [doi.org]

Flowers are present on the plant from June to August. The fruit are small and lanceolate-oblong in shape, measuring 3-5 mm (0.1-0.2 in.) long. [eddmaps.org]

The samples, identified only by a code number, and presented in random order, were taken on non-consecutive nights. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The present study is the first to evaluate the chemical composition of V. turkestanica. [degruyter.com]

invasive, prohibited Maine present Massachusetts present New Hampshire present Rhode Island absent Vermont present Conservation Status Exact status definitions can vary from state to state. [gobotany.newenglandwild.org]

• Turkish

  Portuguese valeriana Portuguese valeriana-das-boticas Portuguese valeriana-selvagem Portuguese läkevänderot Swedish vanlig vänderot Swedish валериана лекарственная Russian læge-baldrian Danish legevendelrot Norwegian rohtovirmajuuri Finnish kediotu Turkish [gd.eppo.int]

Our objective in this study was to compare the efficacy of the extract of Valeriana Officinalis L. with placebo in the treatment of OCD. METHODS: The study was an 8-week pilot double-blind randomized trial. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION COMMON NAMES Allheal; English Valerian; German Valerian; Vandalroot; Garden Heliotrope USES Sedative; Relaxant; Anxiolytic; Treatment for cramps and painful periods; Migraine Treatment. [erowid.org]

It may also be applied locally as a treatment for cramps and other muscle tensions. [herbwisdom.com]

Clinical trials have been used to evaluate feverfew for migraine prevention and rheumatoid arthritis; garlic for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and infections; ginkgo for circulatory disturbances and dementia; ginseng for fatigue and cancer prevention; [doi.org]

Deadhead spent flowers to prevent self-seeding. Plants generally thrive in cool summer climates. Propagate by seed or division. [missouribotanicalgarden.org]

Drug-Herb Interactions. [3] Benzodiazepines - Prevention or reduction of drug adverse effect, potential or theoretical beneficial or supportive interaction with professional management; Herb may reduce side effects of benzodiazepine withdrawal acting [ndhealthfacts.org]