We present a case where difficulty was encountered in advancing the balloon catheter across the mitral valve by standard technique. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Diarrhea

  Symptoms of carcinoid syndrome with flushing, diarrhea, and bronchospasm often precedes cardiac symptoms. We report a case of carcinoid initially presenting with rapid development of right heart failure due to severe pulmonary valve stenosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Heart Disease

  KEYWORDS: Anticoagulation; Rheumatic heart disease; Thromboembolism; Watchman [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Skin Edema

  The fetus had hydrops with ascites, and massive scalp, face and skin edema. Fetal amniocentesis was normal. Aortic valvuloplasty was performed under general anesthesia and echocardiographic guidance. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Purpura

  Post-operative TMA mostly occurs in adult patients with cardiovascular surgery, with the distinct pathophysiology from classical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Encephalopathy

  Finally, her hepatic encephalopathy was dramatically improved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The final diagnostic workup for the underlying malignancy continued the day after valvuloplasty. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• ST Elevation

  Coronary angiography during ST elevation found no abnormalities and no myocardial necrosis was documented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

She became haemodynamically unstable and required treatment with mechanical ventilation and assisted circulation. Urgent surgical treatment was planned. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insights into prognosis of valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation. 1994 Feb;89(2):642-50. [clinicaltrials.gov]

While patients can survive for years with asymptomatic AS, the prognosis following symptom onset is quite poor without intervention. [intervalveinc.com]

This is not surprising because functional status is a well-known determinant of prognosis in patients with severe AS treated medically ( 18,19 ). [interventions.onlinejacc.org]

Outlook (Prognosis) People with mild disease rarely get worse. However, those with moderate to severe disease will get worse. The outcome is often very good when surgery or balloon dilation is successful. [mountsinai.org]

The most common etiology of tricuspid stenosis is rheumatic, and in most cases it is associated with valvular regurgitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

 Degenerative AS is MC etiology.  Chronic inflammatory process.  Commissural fusion is not the predominant feature in majority of older patients with calcific AS.  Fracture of nodular calcium deposits – leaflet mobility improved – increased valve [slideshare.net]

Etiology Rheumatic mitral valve disease, manifested by commissural leaflet fusion, is the most common cause of mitral stenosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology Frequency Rheumatic heart disease remains uncommon in the United States today. It is much more prevalent in developing nations, where patients tend to present at a younger age. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Post-operative TMA mostly occurs in adult patients with cardiovascular surgery, with the distinct pathophysiology from classical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology of AS A normal aortic valve leaflet consists of 3 layers ( Figure 1 ). [ahajournals.org]

Data on outcome among these patients is scarce, but there appears to be a law of diminishing returns, particularly in patients with less favourable valve anatomy. 15 The pathophysiology of mitral restenosis does not consist solely of commissural re-fusion [heart.bmj.com]

Pathophysiology Commisural fusion of the mitral valve leaflets results in loss of the mitral orifice size. This limits blood flow across the valve from the left atrium to the left ventricle. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In patients with Osler's disease, valuvloplasty using autologous pericardium is considered effective for preventing the later recurrence of IE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These medications may include anticoagulants to prevent clot formation and radioactive dye for X-rays. Your groin area is shaved and cleaned with an antiseptic. [wexnermedical.osu.edu]