Abstract To study whether magnesium (Mg) deficiency is present in patients with variant angina, 24-hour Mg retention of low dose Mg (0.2 mEq/kg lean body weight) administered intravenously over 4 hours in 20 patients with variant angina was examined. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Coronary Atherosclerosis

  Such response could not be predicted by demographic factors, ECG changes, or degree of coronary atherosclerosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Coronary atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial dysfunction due to inflammation and increased low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, followed by the deposition of lipids and macrophages from the lumen into the inner layer of the coronary [e-kcj.org]

• Oral Ulcers

  After treatment with immunosuppressant, neither angina nor oral ulcer relapsed. We strongly believe that the variant angina is due to coronary vasospasm induced by Behçet's syndrome in this patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chest Pain

  Another 23 subjects with incompletely explained chest pain given methacholine had neither ECG change nor spasm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Heart Disease

  Twenty patients with chronic exertional angina, positive exercise test results and coronary heart disease were compared with 14 patients with variant angina and ST-segment elevation during an ergonovine test. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Family history and genetics - Angina Ischemic heart disease often runs in families. Also, people who have no lifestyle-related risk factors can develop ischemic heart disease. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  Take steps to reduce your risk of heart disease. This includes not smoking, eating a low-fat diet, and increasing exercise. [nlm.nih.gov]

  Join Us For A Heart Walk In Your Area Heart Walk is the American Heart Association's premiere event for raising funds to help save lives from heart disease and stroke. [heart.org]

• Retrosternal Chest Pain

  Fifteen minutes after a renal arteriogram (May 7) was performed, the patient had severe retrosternal chest pain associated with hypotension and bradycardia. Serial ECGs are depicted [jamanetwork.com]

  Ahmed, MD, Iowa Heart Center, Jennie Edmundson Hospital, Council Bluffs, Iowa Typical anginal symptoms are characterized by recurrent attacks of retrosternal chest pain brought on by effort and emotion, and relieved by rest or by the administration of [cathlabdigest.com]

• Shoulder Pain

  Angina may be more difficult to identify in some elderly people when they have symptoms such as abdominal pain after eating (due to increased blood demand for digestion) or have back or shoulder pain (which may be attributed to arthritis). [labtestsonline.org]

Further workup revealed metastatic pheochromocytoma. Conclusion Calcium channel blockers and nitrates which promotes coronary vasodilatation are commonly used in management of prinzmetal angina. [onlinejacc.org]

Hence, the coronary angiography is usually part of the workup of these patients and can help to guide the treatment4,6. Treatment Nitrates and calcium channel blockers are the main treatments for patients with variant angina. [scielo.br]

• Calcified Aortic Valve

  Replacement of the calcified aortic valve resulted in total relief of symptomatology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• ST Elevation

  The mean daily number of ST elevation in group 1 was similar to that in group 2 (4.8 /- 5.1 vs 4.1 /- 4.6; p not significant). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Associated with reversible ST elevations on ECG. Does not cause an increase in serum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers. [youtube.com]

  At the onset of this dangerous state an unusual ischemic ST elevation, the "Prinzmetal dome phenomenon," was seen. [annals.org]

  Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. In: Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 53. [nlm.nih.gov]

• T Wave Inversion

  wave inversion or flattening from previous MI Exercise ECG Thallium test Coronary angiography Exclude precipitating factors – anaemia, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, thyrotoxicosis, GCA Management Change lifestyle Treat modifiable risk factors – hypertension [medicalnotesonline.blogspot.com]

  Once again, ECGs demonstrated T-wave inversion in V1–3. A repeat test showed that cTnI level was elevated at 0.4 ng/L. [smj.org.sg]

  Two electrocardiographic patterns with or without transient T-wave inversion during recovery periods of variant anginal attacks. Jpn Circ J. 1983 Dec. 47(12):1415-22. [Medline]. Miwa K, Murakami T, Kambara H, Kawai C. [emedicine.com]

• Ischemic Changes

  In the rest 201Tl study, septal perfusion was low on the early image, although partial redistribution of this site was observed on the delayed image without the appearance of chest pain or electrocardiographic ischemic change. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  They also demonstrate the importance of Holter monitoring (of 24–48 h) or loop recorders (depending on the frequency of symptoms) illustrating both ischemic changes and the ventricular arrhythmias caused by this ischemic environment. [tandfonline.com]

  The patient is considered to have “definite” vasospastic angina when ischemic change (ST elevation or ST depression of 0.1 mV or more) is clearly observed on the ECG during attacks or a positive finding of coronary spasm on coronary angiography ( 90% [journalofcardiologycases.com]

  The original definition of cardiac syndrome X also mandated that ischemic changes on exercise (despite normal coronary arteries) were displayed, as shown on cardiac stress tests.[9] The primary cause of cardiac syndrome X is unknown, but factors apparently [en.wikipedia.org]

The frequency of anginal attacks and the consumption of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets decreased significantly in both treatment periods in comparison with those in the observation period before treatment, but in the observation period after treatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSIONS: Although the prognosis of multivessel spasm is believed to be poor, this may not necessarily be so. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Variant angina pectoris (VAP) is different to classical atherosclerotic AP in terms of etiology, treatment, and prognosis [ 1 Stern S. Bayes de Luna A. Coronary artery spasm: a 2009 update., ]. [internationaljournalofcardiology.com]

Conventional therapy including nitrates, beta blockers, and surgical bypass has proved to be generally unsatisfactory in patients with variant angina of suspected vasospastic etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Description : • Angina caused by transient coronary spasms (usually occurring close to areas of coronary stenosis) • Unrelated to exertion and may even occur at rest (classically at night) Etiology : e.g., cigarette smoking, use of stimulants (e.g., cocaine [youtube.com]

The entity, “variant angina pectoris,” continues to be a controversial one in terms of definition, etiology, and management. [journal.chestnet.org]

Variant angina pectoris (VAP) is different to classical atherosclerotic AP in terms of etiology, treatment, and prognosis [ 1 Stern S. Bayes de Luna A. Coronary artery spasm: a 2009 update., ]. [internationaljournalofcardiology.com]

Raynaud phenomenon, migraine headaches) Epidemiology : average onset around 50 years Diagnostics : • Reversible ST elevation on ECG • No troponin I or T level elevations on serial measurements • Coronary spasms on angiography confirm the diagnosis [youtube.com]

This review describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and management of variant angina, as well as outcomes in patients who present with aborted sudden cardiac death (ASCD). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The epidemiology of migraine. Am J Med. 2005;118(Suppl 1):S3-S10. 2. Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Logroscino G, Diener HC, Buring JE. Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA. 2006;296:283-91. Medline 3. [revespcardiol.org]

Epidemiology Vasospastic angina represents about 2.0% of hospital admissions with a clinical pattern of unstable angina. It most frequently appears in the adult age (50 to 60 years) and shows a 5:1 ratio in male:female prevalence. [escardio.org]

An epidemiologic review. Headache. 2004 May. 44 Suppl 1:S5-12. [Medline]. Hirano Y, Uehara H, Nakamura H, et al. [emedicine.com]

Until the pathophysiology of this syndrome is clarified, however, the associated risks and the results to be expected from surgical therapy are unknown. FULL TEXT [annals.org]

It is now known that variant angina is the result of transient coronary artery spasm at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque.[1] The pathophysiologic effect of coronary spasm is the rapid development of transmural myocardial ischemia resulting in ST-segment [medscape.com]

Cardiac rehabilitation programs have also been The section on pathophysiology begins with a established to facilitate the return to function of chapter by Greenfield and Rembert discussing patients who have had acute coronary insuffi the factors that [books.google.com]

With better understanding of the interactions between inflammation, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells, we and other investigators have provided new insights into the basic pathophysiology of CVsA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Coronary vasospasm may be directly prevented by a general inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by the calcium antagonist. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There acute coronary insufficiency, the health care sys are brief sections on prediction and prevention of tem is presented with a challenging diagnostic ischemic events, methods of diagnosing and siz and management problem. [books.google.com]

Long-acting oral preparations are useful in preventing attacks; however, the development of tolerance may limit their effectiveness. The calcium channel blocking drugs are the agents of choice in the treatment of variant angina. [medscape.com]