however, for the very young, elderly, people allergic to them or in extreme cases, they can present further complications. [australianmuseum.net.au]

Hermaphrodites are common in invertebrates, this means that both male and female sexual organs are present in one individual. [animalcorner.co.uk]

The oral disk, containing the mouth, at the upper end of the body is surrounded by petal-like tentacles, which are often present in multiples of six. [britannica.com]

They kept growing until they were covered with sediment or otherwise killed, [5] and spent most of their lives with their bodies firmly anchored to the sediment. [6] Their taxonomic affinities are presently unknown, but their mode of growth is consistent [en.wikipedia.org]

Cross-presentation The initiation of a CD8 + T cell response to an antigen that is not present within antigen-presenting cells (APCs). [nature.com]

• Weakness

  However, most of the shallow water corals that have photosynthetic symbiots only feed at night, and due to evolution tend to have weak stinging cells. [manhattanreefs.com]

  Many of the jellies that are found in the Laguna Madre or Gulf of Mexico have stinging cells that are too weak to affect humans. [nps.gov]

  Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin that causes systemic symptoms including muscular weakness, paralysis and eventually respiratory arrest. Onset of symptoms may occur within minutes after a bite. [alertdiver.com]

  TL 3.4–3.9; Head in full-face view subrectangular with moderately deeply impressed posterior margin; clypeus smooth and shining with weak median longitudinal carina; frontal carinae short and feebly divergent; antennae elongate; eyes small and weakly [antwiki.org]

  By using their venom, small scorpions with weak pincers can bring down prey as large as themselves. A second use of the sting is in defense. A well-placed sting serves to ward off many would-be predators. [wrbu.org]

• Fatigue

  Symptoms of Lyme disease : Lyme disease, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, can cause fever, headaches, fatigue, and a skin rash that looks like a circular red patch, or "bull's-eye." [medicinenet.com]

  With large skin surface area involvement, the victim may complain of fever, chills, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps, and itching. Blisters induced by contact with Microciona prolifera may become infected. [dtmag.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Look for a swollen and red area, chills, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, headache, and vomiting. Brown recluse bites include the same symptoms, though most people report they are painless. [infinitespider.com]

• Diarrhea

  Signs of an allergic reaction, which may occur within seconds to minutes, include sneezing, wheezing, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sudden anxiety, dizziness, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and itching or swelling of the eyes, lips, or other [medicinenet.com]

  […] symptoms of anaphylaxis may occur within minutes of a sting and include low blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, tongue and lip swelling, tightening in the throat, seizures, abnormal heart rhythms, itching, a raised red skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea [dtmag.com]

• Hypotension

  The large sea wasp is the most toxic with a sting that can cause excruciating pain, inflammation, hypertension, hypotension, shock, impaired consciousness, cardiac dysfuction and more. [thefisheriesblog.com]

• Insect Bite

  F., 1993 - Exaggerated Insect Bite Reactions in Patients Positive for HIV. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 29: 269-72. Steen C. J., Carbonaro P. A., Schwartz R A., 2004 — Arthropods in Dermatology. [books.openedition.org]

  First, Not All Things That Bite And Sting Are Insects Remember, all insects have three body parts and six legs. This means that not all invertebrates that bite are insects. [infinitespider.com]

  An insect bite and sting is a break in the skin or puncture caused by an insect and complicated by introduction of the insect's saliva, venom, or excretory products. [educalingo.com]

• Fear

  We fear some, we enjoy watching others, but they are all hugely important to the functioning of the eco system. [wildlebanon.org]

  seafood, paper, fauna, invertebrate, toxic, scorpion, arachnid, attack, sting, scorpio, arthropod, watercolour, gripper, soffit, androctonus crassicauda white, animal, isolated, wildlife, primitive, shadow, brown, black, fauna, claw, invertebrate, fear [pxhere.com]

  We no longer fear large animals that may prey on us, having long since dispatched most of them and their threat. We have conquered many human diseases, though more continue to emerge to challenge us. [undark.org]

• Fussiness

  They tend not to be fussy and take tarantulas of several species, both male and female tarantulas and adults and large immatures. Large, plump, juicy female tarantulas are mostly destined to become food for baby female tarantula hawks. [undark.org]

• Irritability

  Its venom produces intense irritation in the area of contact. The fireworm is abundant on reefs, beneath stones in rocky areas or in seagrass beds, and on some muddy bottoms. [leisurepro.com]

  Skin irritation can also result from contact with water containing venom that has already been released from stimulated nematocysts. [dtmag.com]

  You can seek medical attention at the Malaquite Visitor Center or apply vinegar to the irritated area. [nps.gov]

  Capturing a small jar full of Carpenter Ant queens emerging from a nest and then deciding to sample the 'perfume' of the irritated queens with a strong sniff (valuable lesson on giving in to peer pressure here folks!) was quite an experience. [bugguide.net]

  This may also serve to spread the tiny, barbed hairs which can be very irritating. While I like unusual pets, I am not sure a spider covered in irritating hairs sufficiently large to cover my face is the right pet for me. [listverse.com]

• Confusion

  During the last months we received some records about insects misidentified that were confused with Vespa velutina. In Italy, there are 23 species of social wasps and a wide variety of other insects species. [vespavelutina.eu]

  Don't get confused by the terms bite and sting. A bite usually involves mouth parts, ranging from mandibles (pincer-like mouth bits) to a big straw-like proboscis or snoot. [infinitespider.com]

  Many people also take oral antihistimines to help relieve the pain from the sting, however, these may cause drowsiness and confuse a physician if a visit to the hospital becomes necessary. [wrbu.org]

• Agitation

  Applying fresh water will cause the stinging cells to become agitated, resulting in further pain. You can seek medical attention at the Malaquite Visitor Center or apply vinegar to the irritated area. [nps.gov]

  The agitated victim runs and assists the venom’s distribution by the muscle-pump mechanism. Coelenterate venoms are thick mixtures of proteins, carbohydrates, and other nonprotein components. To date, they have been very difficult to analyze. [dtmag.com]

  Morphine, meperidine chloride, amobarbital, etc. have been used in the past to treat severe agitation, a common symptom of severe envenomation in children. Most workers do not advocate their use now. [wrbu.org]

• Seizure

  […] ibuprofen do not use vinegar do not pee on the sting do not apply ice or a cold pack do not touch any spines with your bare hands do not cover or close the wound Go to A&E or call 999 if you have been stung and have: difficulty breathing chest pain fits or seizures [nhs.uk]

  The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis may occur within minutes of a sting and include low blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, tongue and lip swelling, tightening in the throat, seizures, abnormal heart rhythms, itching, a raised red skin rash, nausea [dtmag.com]

• Headache

  Symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever : Initial symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, severe headache, muscle pain, and lack of appetite. [medicinenet.com]

  Look for a swollen and red area, chills, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, headache, and vomiting. Brown recluse bites include the same symptoms, though most people report they are painless. [infinitespider.com]

In cases of infection, an antibiotic is the typical treatment. [medicinenet.com]

Most patients recover fully and rapidly without treatment, so it is difficult to say whether any particular course of treatment has any beneficial affect at all. [wrbu.org]

Treatment Decisive treatment should be instituted at the first indication of an allergic reaction. [dtmag.com]

GENERAL TREATMENT PRINCIPLES Like the venoms of marine vertebrates, marine-invertebrate venoms are often mixtures of compounds. [alertdiver.com]

Treatment for Mosquito Bites Treatment for mosquito bites is about the same as for other bites and stings, ice, or cool cloths, antihistamine, and/or anit -itch medication. [infinitespider.com]

Descriptive epidemiology of mass mortality due to Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) in commercially farmed Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) in the Hawkesbury River estuary. Aust Aquacult 422-423 : 146– – 159 [CrossRef]. [jgv.microbiologyresearch.org]

They can also prevent irritating (and sometimes serious) coral scrapes. They'll help protect against minor jelly stings and sea lice. [tripadvisor.com]

When aeolids feed on these well-armed prey, the first thing they have to do is prevent the stinging cells from firing. They seem to do this using their slug slime: certain chemicals in their slimy mucus trail protect them from getting stung. [ocean.si.edu]

The queen secretes a pheromone called "queen substance" that prevents the other females from breeding. As the queen ages or dies, or if the hive gets too large, the amount of queen substance in the hive decreases. [stlzoo.org]

Clownfish produce mucous on their bodies that prevent the anemones from stinging them. Because most fish can't get near anemones without being stung and eaten, the clownfish is protected from predators. [aboutfishonline.com]

Apoptotic caspases prevent the induction of type I interferons by mitochondrial DNA. Cell 159, 1563–1577 (2014). [nature.com]