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Viral Gastroenteritis


Gastroenteritis viruses
Gastroenteritis viruses
Gastroenteritis viruses, CC BY 3.0

Presentation
  • Of these 18 seizure patients, eight presented without fever (the aFS group) and 10 presented with febrile episodes (FS group).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • […] non-hospitalized children less than five years of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Thirteen (7.2%) of 181 children presented with encephalopathy (typical febrile seizures, 4; atypical febrile seizures, 4; afebrile seizures, 3; with alteration in level of consciousness alone, 2).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings in pediatric patients with viral gastroenteritis who presented with clinical features of acute abdomen.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Author information 1 United States Naval Medical Research Unit No.3, Cairo, Egypt. salwa.fouad.eg@med.navy.mil Abstract The present study demonstrates that multiple NoV genotypes belonging to genogroup II contributed to an acute gastroenteritis outbreak[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Vomiting
  • People with vomiting or diarrhoea should: rest at home and not attend work.[health.nsw.gov.au]
  • Epidemic viral gastroenteritis has acquired various names in medical literature including "winter vomiting disease," "acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis ," "epidemic diarrhea and vomiting," "epidemic collapse," and "epidemic nausea and vomiting[healthcentral.com]
  • In viral gastroenteritis, the combination of diarrhea and vomiting can cause dehydration.[giguy.net]
  • Viral gastroenteritis spreads through contact with small particles of an infected person’s stool or vomit. Diagnosis Doctors often diagnose viral gastroenteritis based on your symptoms.[niddk.nih.gov]
Diarrhea
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients presenting with acute diarrhea ( RESULTS: Eighty-four patients with diarrhea were enrolled.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Follow-up surveys were returned at month 6 by 186 patients and 198 controls: mean GSRS score was significantly higher in patients than in controls for abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • In addition, diarrhea and cramping may begin during this 24 hour period or immediately afterward. Diarrhea may last a day or two, or in young children it may last a week or longer. Fever is generally short-lived, lasting one to three days.[healthcentral.com]
  • Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children under 5 years old. Adenoviruses and astroviruses cause diarrhea mostly in young children, but older children and adults can also be affected.[southernnevadahealthdistrict.org]
  • You can buy medicines at the drugstore that can help stop or slow diarrhea. Do not use these medicines without talking to your provider if you have bloody diarrhea, a fever, or if the diarrhea is severe. Do not give these medicines to children.[medlineplus.gov]
Nausea
  • Symptoms The symptoms caused by these infections include fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. When nausea and vomiting are present, they are usually strongest the first 12 to 24 hours and slowly improve thereafter.[healthcentral.com]
  • A total of 64 patients were treated for nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea over the 17-day period. A post-deployment survey was sent to 66 deployed medical team members and 45 completed the survey.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • At outbreak, nausea (scored 4), vomiting, and diarrhea lasting 2-3 days or more were reported by 66, 60, and 77% of patients, respectively. A total of 50% reported fever and 19% reported weight loss (mean 3 kg).[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • View or Print All Sections Definition & Facts Viral gastroenteritis is an infection of your intestines that typically causes watery diarrhea, pain or cramping in your abdomen, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever.[niddk.nih.gov]
  • Loss of appetite, vomiting, cramps, nausea *, and diarrhea * are the most common symptoms of gastroenteritis. In the United States, gastroenteritis usually is a mild disease.[humanillnesses.com]
Abdominal Pain
  • Follow-up surveys were returned at month 6 by 186 patients and 198 controls: mean GSRS score was significantly higher in patients than in controls for abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Common symptoms of gastroenteritis include vomiting, fever, chills, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache. What are gastroenteritis care options? In most cases, rest and symptomatic support is the treatment for gastroenteritis.[nicklauschildrens.org]
  • Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain and bloating Fever, malaise, and muscle aches may be present but are not always. Symptoms typically resolve on their own in 2 to 3 days.[jamanetwork.com]
  • Children Signs of dehydration, such as thirst and decreased urination, lethargy, dry mouth, sunken eyes, feeling faint on standing fever abdominal pain bloody diarrhoea any symptoms in a child less than 12 months of age.[sahealth.sa.gov.au]
Abdominal Cramps
  • Signs and Symptoms Watery diarrhoea Vomiting Headache Fever Abdominal cramps Symptoms may last from 1 - 10 days depending on which virus causes the illness.[deputyprimeminister.gov.mt]
  • Written by Published on March 28, 2016 Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) is an infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea, abdominal cramping, vomiting, and even fever.[belmarrahealth.com]
  • They can include: Vomiting Watery diarrhea Headache Fever Abdominal cramps ("stomach ache") The best way to treat viral gastroenteritis is to rest and prevent severe loss of fluids (dehydration).[marquette.edu]
  • The typical presentation is an increased frequency of defecation lasting less than 14 days, which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramps, and fever. [1] Thielman NM, Guerrant RL.[bestpractice.bmj.com]
  • The affected person may also have headache, fever, and abdominal cramps (“stomach ache”).[sfcdcp.org]
Tonic-Clonic Seizure
  • All seizure patients, whether febrile or afebrile, presented with generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS), complex partial seizures (CPS), or both.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Workup
Hyponatremia
  • Similarly, hyponatremia was observed in 6, 9, and 3 patients with Gatorade; 5, 3, and 4 with N-ORS; and 4, 5, and 4 with Pedialyte. Tastewise, Gatorade and N-ORS were rated higher (p .05) than Pedialyte.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Colitis
  • K52.81 Eosinophilic gastritis or gastroenteritis K52.82 Eosinophilic colitis K52.83 Microscopic colitis K52.831 Collagenous colitis K52.832 Lymphocytic colitis K52.838 Other microscopic colitis K52.839 …… unspecified K52.89 Other specified noninfective[icd10data.com]
  • The most notorious STEC serotype is O157:H7, which is associated with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). As a result, this serotype is routinely screened for in clinical microbiology laboratories.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Pseudomembranous colitis, usually caused by antibiotic use, is managed by discontinuing the causative agent and treating it with either metronidazole or vancomycin.[en.wikipedia.org]

Treatment
  • Gatorade and N-ORS may be effective in the treatment of dehydration associated with mild viral gastroenteritis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Mild disease requires symptomatic treatment alone. Complicated cases develop severe dehydration and hypovolemia, requiring the skills of critical care nurses to meet the challenges of care. This article addresses diagnosis and prevention strategies.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • In addition, current and future prevention and treatment options are discussed, including recent patents.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Treatment of viral gastroenteritis is based primarily on replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Copyright 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • PATIENTS AND METHODS: During 2 seasons of viral gastroenteritis from 2005 to 2007, 302 children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms were admitted to our center for treatment of dehydration and associated complications.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis
  • Most individuals recover from this infection, without any complications and have an excellent prognosis If the symptoms are severe and prolonged, then it may result in permanent damage to various parts of the organs in the body.[dovemed.com]
  • Outlook (Prognosis) For most people, the illness goes away in a few days without treatment. Possible Complications Severe dehydration can occur in infants and young children.[ufhealth.org]

Etiology
  • RESULTS: Viral etiology has been set at 19,6% of patients with acute gastroenteritis. Noroviruses were predominant (10,2%), the proportion of rotavirus was 7,7%, astroviruses - 1,7%.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • There is a great need to apply molecular diagnostic tools to determine the actual and monitoring the changing etiology of acute enteritis in Polish population.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin (f-CP) for the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Abstract Norovirus (NV) (formerly called Norwalk-like virus) is the most common etiological agent of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Recent reports have shown that two new GII.4 variants caused epidemics in Europe.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • This technique has now increased the analytical sensitivity so drastically that positive results are found in asymptomatic children, leading to complex interpretation of real-time PCR results and difficult distinction between asymptomatic shedding and etiological[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology
  • The present report is the first prospective analysis of clinical-epidemiological trends of dual infections in young Spanish children with acute viral gastroenteritis.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • This review covers the four most common causes of adult viral gastroenteritis, Calicivirirdae (predominantly noroviruses), astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses and rotaviruses focussing on their epidemiologic, structural, pathogenic and clinical aspects[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • To investigate if it is also the case in Hong Kong, a molecular epidemiological study was undertaken between January 2002 and June 2005. During this period, there was a substantial increase in acute cases of gastroenteritis caused by NV.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Clinicians working in these settings should be familiar with the epidemiology and the possible modes of transmission of enteric viruses to be able to translate them into strategies for prevention or intervention.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • METHOD: Epidemiological and laboratory data from identifiable outbreaks were reviewed, including epidemic curves and the results of PCR testing for enteropathic viruses.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Sex distribution
Age distribution

Prevention
  • Author information 1 Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • A review of outbreak reports was done to further our understanding of the burden of disease, common and rare modes of transmission, complications, and possibilities for control and prevention.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Further research might address the awareness of undiagnosed transmissible diseases in order to prevent cross-transmissions.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • Recently the estimates of mortality associated with diarrhea declined, however the majority of deaths still occur in developing countries and thus urgent intervention is needed for the prevention of these diseases.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  • This article addresses diagnosis and prevention strategies. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.[ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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