We present herein the cases of two patients with VHF, arising in the same area, hospitalized for a short period of time. One patient presented with renal failure, while severe hepatic involvement was predominant in the other. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 38-year-old male UN peacekeeper returning from Liberia, western Africa, presents with fever, malaise, asthenia, cough, sore throat, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. [proprofs.com]

Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. [cdc.gov]

• Fever

  Both are mosquito-borne; yellow fever is found in tropical Africa and South America, and dengue fever is found in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  American hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses, but only in a small minority of patients with dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Lassa fever. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Abstract This short review covers 6 viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) that are known to occur in Africa: yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  ► Videos of viral hemorrhagic fevers ‎ （2カテゴリ） A ► Argentine hemorrhagic fever ‎ （1ファイル） C ► Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever ‎ （1カテゴリ、2ファイル） D ► Dengue ‎ （8カテゴリ、1ページ、81ファイル） E ► Ebolavirus ‎ （17カテゴリ、1ページ、59ファイル） L ► Lassa fever ‎ （1カテゴリ、1ファイル） M ► Marburg [commons.wikimedia.org]

• Fatigue

  Symptoms vary with the disease, but often include fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. There may be bleeding, although death from blood loss is rare. Severe cases can include shock and coma. [osha.gov]

  Symptoms often include: Fever Fatigue Dizziness Muscle aches Loss of strength Exhaustion People with severe cases often show signs of bleeding. This may be under the skin, in internal organs, or from body openings such as the mouth, eyes, or ears. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  Recovery may be complicated by fatigue, anorexia, cachexia, alopecia, and arthralgia. Sequelae include hearing or vision loss, impaired motor coordination, transverse myelitis, uveitis, pericarditis, orchitis, parotitis, and pancreatitis. [visualdx.com]

  Specific symptoms vary by type of viral hemorrhagic fever, but initial symptoms often include fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, loss of strength, and exhaustion. [vdh.virginia.gov]

  + Specific signs and symptoms vary by the type of VHF, but they often begin with high fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, loss of strength and exhaustion. [www1.nyc.gov]

• Anemia

  Has hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL that cannot be corrected to 10 g/dL before initiation of IV Ribavirin Has history of hemoglobinopathies (i.e., sickle-cell anemia or thalassemia major). Has history of autoimmune hepatitis. [clinicaltrials.gov]

  Puffer BA, Parent LJ, Wills JW, Montelaro RC (1997) Equine infectious anemia virus utilizes a YXXL motif within the late assembly domain of the Gag p9 protein. J Virol 71: 6541–6546. View Article Google Scholar 42. [dx.doi.org]

• Inflammation

  Coagulation protease complexes signal by activating the G-protein coupled, protease-activated receptors that regulate inflammation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa Lassa fever an acute contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation [vocabulary.com]

  Inflammation and exudation of the pharynx and conjunctivae is commonly observed. Many cases are mild or asymptomatic. [canada.ca]

• Acutely Ill Patient

  METHODS: From 15-17 June 2010, the outbreak investigation period, specimens were obtained within 7 days after onset of illness of 18 acutely ill patients hospitalized with VHF and 15 household asymptomatic contacts of 6 acute cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  Symptoms typically include fever, headache, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain, and nonbloody diarrhea. Filoviruses and flaviviruses typically exhibit an abrupt onset, whereas arenaviruses are slower. [visualdx.com]

  Gradual onset of symptoms, including fever, headache, generalized weakness, malaise, sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, and chest and abdominal pain. Fever may be persistent or intermittent. [canada.ca]

  A 38-year-old male UN peacekeeper returning from Liberia, western Africa, presents with fever, malaise, asthenia, cough, sore throat, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. [proprofs.com]

  A recent case of an African person arrived from West Africa with the following symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, arthralgias, breathing difficulty, severe pain along with unexplained haemorrhage represented by bloody stool, bloody [omicsonline.org]

  Two days after the onset of hemorrhagic symptoms, he developed fever, anorexia, headache, fatigue, and abdominal pain. [doi.org]

• Petechiae

  Skin petechiae may be noted. [visualdx.com]

  The image below depicts palatal petechiae and hemorrhage in a patient with Ebola virus disease (EVD). Filovirus disease - Ebola fever. Patient with Ebola hemorrhagic fever during 1976 outbreak in Zaire demonstrating palatal petechiae and hemorrhage. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] number of different viruses of the families arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, flaviviridae, filoviridae, etc; some types of hemorrhagic fever are tick borne, others mosquito borne, and some seem to be zoonoses; clinical manifestations are high fever, scattered petechiae [icd10data.com]

  Manifestations of VHF often also include flushing of the face and chest, small red or purple spots (petechiae), bleeding, swelling caused by edema, low blood pressure (hypotension), and shock. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Ulcer

  She was a known peptic ulcer disease patient and denied any history of recent travel outside the country or regular environment (home, school) or contact with rodents. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  Other viruses from the genus Vesiculovirus cause vesicular stomatitis (mucosal ulcers in the mouth) and “flu-like” syndromes in both cattle and humans [13]. [doi.org]

• Epistaxis

  Ecchymoses often are accompanied by hemorrhage in other locations: epistaxis, puncture sites, hematemesis, melena, and hematuria. Image provided by Robert Swaneopoel, PhD, DTVM, MRCVS, National Institute of Virology, Sandringham, South Africa. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] illness with fever and at least two of these symptoms: myalgia, low back pain, and headache, And the appearance of three or more of the following five groups of signs/symptoms: Hemorrhage (one or more petechiae, ecchymoses, purpura, gingival bleeding, epistaxis [clinicaltrials.gov]

  This patient presented to the health center on June 5, 2009 with headache, fever, abdominal pain, epistaxis, conjunctival injection, mouth bleeding, hematemesis, and diarrhea with blood. [doi.org]

  […] arrived from West Africa with the following symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, arthralgias, breathing difficulty, severe pain along with unexplained haemorrhage represented by bloody stool, bloody skin spots, a maculopapular rash, epistaxis [omicsonline.org]

• Kidney Failure

  Some types of viral hemorrhagic fever are associated with kidney failure. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear? Symptoms may appear anywhere from days to weeks after exposure, depending on the type of viral hemorrhagic fever. [vdh.virginia.gov]

  Some types of VHF are associated with kidney failure. Hide How common is viral hemorrhagic fever and how is it usually caused? + Human cases or outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers rarely occur. But an outbreak cannot be easily predicted. [www1.nyc.gov]

• Renal Insufficiency

  KHF is an acute infectious febrile, often fatal, otherwise self-limited, illness of viral etiology characterized by severe toxemia, widespread capillary damage, hemorrhagic phenomena and renal insufficiency (2). [enivd.de]

• Headache

  Marburg – Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, headache, weakness, myalgias, chest pain, prostration, conjunctivitis, petechiae, purpura, and hemorrhage. [visualdx.com]

  Ebola and Marburg VHF: Severe acute viral illness consisting of sudden onset of fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, conjunctival injection, pharyngitis, vomiting and diarrhea that can be bloody. [canada.ca]

  The illness was characterized by high fever, headache, and bleeding from the nose, ears, and mouth, accompanied by jaundice, severe abdominal and thoracic pain as well as acute neurological manifestations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  According to the global health body, the illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with severe headache and malaise. [news.xinhuanet.com]

Prior studies of different experimental Marburg treatments involved daily dosing for 7 and 14 days, respectively, with treatment beginning closer to the time of infection. [genengnews.com]

Two reliable forms of effective contraception must be used including one barrier method during treatment and during the 7 month post-treatment period. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Generally there is no known cure or treatment for these diseases. People with these illnesses may get supportive treatment. This may include getting fluids or assistance with breathing and pain relievers. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

This can result in delays of up to several days before diagnosis can be confirmed and treatment started. [corgenix.com]

This review focuses on these hemorrhagic fever viruses and specifically addresses therapeutic aspects and recent progress that has been made in the treatment of these viral pathogens. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Smorodintsev, A.A., et al. (1944) Etiology and clinics of hemorrhagic nephrosonephritis, Moscow Medgiz, 26-47. 7. [enivd.de]

The hemorrhagic fevers remained in the area for three centuries and the etiologic agent is still unknown. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

) Certain infectious and parasitic diseases Clinical Information A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. [icd10data.com]

Table 1 shows the etiological and epidemiological aspects of VHFs in Africa. [omicsonline.org]

OBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological surveillance approaches used during Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemics in Africa in the past fifteen years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Please note that this tool builds upon and replaces the “Spatial epidemiology of Ebola virus disease” visualization. Interact with the data visualization Citation: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). [healthdata.org]

Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases have improved our initial supportive management and led to the recognition of several potentially useful antiviral agents. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

More Control and Prevention Includes references that provide information about the control and prevention of exposures to VHFs. More Additional Resources Provides links and references to additional resources related to VHFs. [osha.gov]

Can viral hemorrhagic fever diseases be prevented? No vaccines are available to prevent these diseases. Two exceptions are for yellow fever and Argentine hemorrhagic fever. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

Early detection of the causative agents, and the ability to distinguish them from other pathogens, is essential to contain outbreaks, implement proper control measures, and prevent morbidity and mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

How can viral hemorrhagic fever be prevented? The best way to prevent viral hemorrhagic fevers is to avoid contact with infected rodents and arthropods. [vdh.virginia.gov]