The most prevalent virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) present in 49 (32%) of the total viral isolates. This was followed by parainfluenza virus present in 43(28%) of the isolates. [bps.uonbi.ac.ke]

However, we believe that this result matches what we would expect on the basis of the clinical presentation of influenza virus infection. [ajronline.org]

The present study will help to highlight the disease burden of LRTI due to viruses and identify the type of virus causing it. [scitechnol.com]

At presentation, the mean (SD) duration of the illness in patients was 8.7 (5.5) days. [thorax.bmj.com]

A unique presentation of ANE has not previously been reported in association with an RSV infection. All patients had a positive outcome and recovered fully with supportive management. Issues [platform.almanhal.com]

• Inflammation

  […] en Infections and infestations Common: sepsis (including fatal outcome), pneumonia (including bacterial, viral, and fungal), upper respiratory tract infection/inflammation, herpes viral infection, enterocolitis infection lt SPECIALIOS LAIKYMO SĄLYGOS [lt.glosbe.com]

  A lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a very broad term which can mean inflammation of the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx. [radiopaedia.org]

  Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles (the very small passages through which air flows to and from the lungs). [rileychildrens.org]

  […] may be prescribed to decrease that inflammation. [emedicinehealth.com]

  The small airways of young children can be significantly narrowed by inflammation and mucus, making breathing difficult. [msdmanuals.com]

• Fatigue

  […] urinary tract infection); fungal infection; dizziness, vertigo, headache, sensation disorders; cough, sore throat; nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, mouth inflammation and ulcers; elevated liver enzymes; rash, itching; musculoskeletal pain; fever, fatigue [et.glosbe.com]

  […] including urinary tract infection; fungal infection dizziness, vertigo, headache, sensation disorders; cough, sore throat; nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, mouth inflammation and ulcers; elevated liver enzymes; rash, itching; musculoskeletal pain; fever, fatigue [bg.glosbe.com]

  Bacterial and viral infections can cause similar symptoms such as coughing and sneezing, fever, inflammation, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and cramping -- all of which are ways the immune system tries to rid the body of infectious organisms. [webmd.com]

  The following symptoms may occur Abnormal fatigue A sore, painful throat A blocked and/ or runny nose A Headache A slight temperature Cough Especially coughing is a very unpleasant symptom. [montavit.com]

• Swelling

  It is an abscess of the forehead area with frontal swelling. Potts puffy tumor is usually seen in late childhood or adolescence. Symptoms include red, tender swelling in the mid-forehead, headache and fever. Orbital cellulitis. [rileychildrens.org]

  Bronchitis Bronchitis is irritation and swelling of the airways leading to the lungs. Most often, it is caused by a virus and will go away on its own. [verywellhealth.com]

  Breathing problems are getting better Yes Symptoms of serious illness No Symptoms of serious illness Do you have pain or swelling in one calf? Pain and swelling in the lower leg can be symptoms of a blood clot. [northshore.org]

  Swelling Inflammation is the body's response to infection, irritation or injury, which causes redness, swelling, pain and sometimes a feeling of heat in the affected area. [hse.ie]

  Examination of the ears may reveal fluid behind the ear drums suggesting eustachian tube swelling due to the cold. Nasal examination may show a clear discharge and throat examination may reveal some redness and post-nasal drip. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Candidiasis

  gastroenteritis, infection, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, fungal skin infection, skin candida, vaginal candidiasis, rhinitis et ainult koostisosade loetelus, kui toiduaine vastab artikli # lõike # ning artikli # lõike # punktide a, b ja d nõuetele [et.glosbe.com]

  […] mouth inflammation and ulcers; elevated liver enzymes; rash, itching; musculoskeletal pain; fever, fatigue en Adverse Reaction lower respiratory infections (including pneumonia, bronchitis), viral infections (including influenza, herpes infections), candidiasis [lt.glosbe.com]

  Candida albicans, which causes oral candidiasis or thrush, can involve the pharynx, leading to inflammation and pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Anemia

  Associated manifestations include tics and a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms. [30] Complications of mononucleosis Complications can include the following: Splenic rupture Hepatitis Guillain-Barré syndrome Encephalitis Hemolytic anemia Agranulocytosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Pneumonia

  Organisms included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (n = 1). [ajronline.org]

  Exacerbations of Wheezing/Asthma RSV, hMPV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, PIV, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bocavirus Croup PIV, Influenza, adenovirus, Pneumonia Influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cough

  The following symptoms may occur Abnormal fatigue A sore, painful throat A blocked and/ or runny nose A Headache A slight temperature Cough Especially coughing is a very unpleasant symptom. [montavit.com]

  You can usually treat your symptoms at home. get plenty of rest drink lots of water to loosen any mucus and make it easier to cough up drink a hot lemon and honey drink to help soothe a cough (not suitable for babies) gargle with warm salty water if you [nhs.uk]

  If you have any of the following symptoms then you should see a doctor within 48 hours: coughing up blood or bloody mucus fever, cough and feeling generally unwell chest pain cough lasting more than three weeks unexplained weight loss lumps in your neck [your.md]

• Dry Cough

  These include: Congestion or runny nose Dry cough Sore throat Low-grade fever Mild headache Mild LRTIs can sometimes become more severe, leading to pneumonia, bronchitis, or other more serious infections. [templehealth.org]

  Less severe infections can have symptoms similar to the common cold, including: a stuffed up or a runny nose a dry cough a low fever a mild sore throat a dull headache In more severe infections, symptoms can include: a severe cough that may produce phlegm [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Nasal Congestion

  Because newborns and young infants prefer to breathe through their nose, even moderate nasal congestion can create difficulty breathing. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] heart failure with infection, pneumonia or symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea, cough, sputum production, nasal congestion, sore throat, and/or hoarseness. [contagionlive.com]

  Upper Respiratory Infection Symptoms Symptoms of the common cold may include: stuffiness (nasal congestion), runny nose, low grade fever, post-nasal drip, and cough ; the cough is usually dry (no sputum from the lung is being produced); with post-nasal [emedicinehealth.com]

• Rhinitis

  # kg weight) cohorts were urinary tract infection, hypertrichosis, rhinitis, pyrexia, hypertension, upper respiratory tract infection, viral infection, sepsis and constipation lt Jei gyvi dvigeldžiai moliuskai importuojami vartoti žmonėms, turėtų būti [lt.glosbe.com]

  […] acarodermatitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, cellulitis, cystitis, ear infection, eye infection, influenza, localised infection, nasopharyngitis, onychomycosis, otitis media, otitis media chronic, pharyngitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, rhinitis [et.glosbe.com]

  […] acupuncture treatment with Supportive care Other: acupuncture No Intervention: standard treatment Supportive care measures only Primary Outcome Measures : presence of fever [ Time Frame: 5 days ] presence of cough [ Time Frame: 5 days ] presence of rhinitis [clinicaltrials.gov]

  Most Common Differential Diagnosis of Acute Cough Acute bronchitis Allergic rhinitis Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation Common cold Congestive heart failure exacerbation Gastroesophageal reflux disease Malignancy Pneumonia Postinfectious [aafp.org]

• Nausea

  […] cold, runny nose, sinus infection); viral infections (including influenza, cold blisters and shingles); bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection); fungal infection; dizziness, vertigo, headache, sensation disorders; cough, sore throat; nausea [et.glosbe.com]

  […] cold, runny nose, sinus infection); viral infections (including influenza, cold blisters and shingles); bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection; fungal infection dizziness, vertigo, headache, sensation disorders; cough, sore throat; nausea [bg.glosbe.com]

  Nausea or vomiting. Pain, pressure, or a strange feeling in the back, neck, jaw, or upper belly, or in one or both shoulders or arms. Lightheadedness or sudden weakness. A fast or irregular heartbeat. [northshore.org]

• Urticaria

  Coxsackievirus A9 infections with exanthems: with particular reference to urticaria. Pediatrics 31 : 819 – 823. 20. Cherry, J. D., , A. M. Lerner, , J. O. Klein, , and M. Finland. 1963. ECHO 11 virus infections associated with exanthems. [asmscience.org]

• Confusion

  More general features of infection are: fever, rigors, malaise, tachycardia usually secondary to hypovolaemia, confusion (in elderly), and occasionally anorexia. Don't forget to look for sepsis ! [medrevise.co.uk]

  Infants and younger children are particularly sensitive to the side effects of decongestants and may experience agitation, confusion, hallucinations, lethargy, and rapid heart rate and should not take these drugs. [msdmanuals.com]

  Mental changes, such as feeling confused or much less alert. Extreme fatigue (to the point where it's hard for you to function). Shaking chills. Seek Care Today Based on your answers, you may need care soon. [northshore.org]

• Agitation

  Infants and younger children are particularly sensitive to the side effects of decongestants and may experience agitation, confusion, hallucinations, lethargy, and rapid heart rate and should not take these drugs. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] attention. 52 Pre-terminal signs in a child with breathing difficulty are exhaustion, bradycardia, a silent chest, and significant apnea. 52 Severe or life-threatening breathing difficulty is manifested by inappropriate drowsiness (difficult to rouse), agitation [dovepress.com]

• Vertigo

  […] pneumonia); upper respiratory tract infections (including cold, runny nose, sinus infection); viral infections (including influenza, cold blisters and shingles); bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection); fungal infection; dizziness, vertigo [et.glosbe.com]

  […] bronchitis, pneumonia); upper respiratory tract infections (including cold, runny nose, sinus infection); viral infections (including influenza, cold blisters and shingles); bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection; fungal infection dizziness, vertigo [bg.glosbe.com]

• Dizziness

  […] bronchitis, pneumonia); upper respiratory tract infections (including cold, runny nose, sinus infection); viral infections (including influenza, cold blisters and shingles); bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection); fungal infection; dizziness [et.glosbe.com]

  […] as bronchitis, pneumonia); upper respiratory tract infections (including cold, runny nose, sinus infection); viral infections (including influenza, cold blisters and shingles); bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection; fungal infection dizziness [bg.glosbe.com]

Investigations included an extensive etiological workup on nasopharyngeal aspirates. Immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the viral pathogens. [academicjournals.org]

• Leukopenia

  A patient was considered to be having ALRI if they had: (1) at least one of listed manifestation of acute infection: measured fever (≥38°C), abnormal white blood cell (WBC) differential, leukocytosis (a WBC count more than 10,000/µL) or leukopenia (a [journals.plos.org]

  An additional criteria for LRTI was leukocytosis (>10 × 10 9 cells/l) or leukopenia ( 9 cells/l) [ 26, 27 ]. [karger.com]

• Streptococcus Pneumoniae

  Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in 11.4% of ALRI. Low birth weight, prematurity, congenital anomalies and malnutrition were found to be highly associated with viral infection. [academicjournals.org]

  Pneumococcal disease BinaxNOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test The BinaxNOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test (Binax, Scarborough, Me, USA) is a rapid ICT assay performed on standard urine samples. [mja.com.au]

  DNA was extracted from positive controls (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonaie, Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, group C streptococcus [thorax.bmj.com]

  […] less than five years of age in low income countries.[14] The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias.[15] This is a dangerous type of lung infection with a mortality [en.wikipedia.org]

  Pneumococcal pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae ) Direct contact with ill person, large-droplets from coughs or sneezes Day-care centers, homeless shelters, camps, prisons, nursing homes Generally not regarded as contagious, risk of infection depends [health.harvard.edu]

• Chlamydia

  […] pneumoniae; H. influenza (type B and nontypeable); C. trachomatis; Mycoplasma pneumonia; Group A Streptococcus. 2-5 years Respiratory viruses (parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus); S. pneumonia; H. influenza (type B and nontypeable); M. pneumonia; Chlamydia [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

  Chlamydia spp noted to cause pneumonitis are C trachomatis, C psittaci and C pneumoniae. Chlamydia trachomatis causes pneumonia in neonates and young infants. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The positive control for Chlamydia pneumoniae was a plasmid containing the C pneumoniae outer membrane protein gene. [thorax.bmj.com]

  Of the remaining bacteria, staph. aureus, legionella species, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Chlamydia are the most common. Everything else is rare. Hospital-acquired (HAP or nosocomial) The most common are enterobacteriaceae or Staph. aureus. [medrevise.co.uk]

  Chlamydia pneumonia. In:Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:Saunders;1992. Google Scholar 13. Cherry J. Mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections. In:Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. [journals.sagepub.com]

Currently treatment of VRTI is essentially supportive and no specific and efficient treatments are known. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are often due to viral infection and do not require treatment with antimicrobials. [apps.who.int]

Surfactant and small interfering RNAs may be promising treatment options in the future. Prospective studies however are needed to demonstrate their effect. [nvic.nl]

Treatments Treatments Treatment for lung infections depends on how severe the illness is and whether the infection is bacterial, viral or fungal. Most bacterial infections are treated with a full course of prescribed antibiotics. [rileychildrens.org]

Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to see your GP. [nhs.uk]

Rhinosinusitis The prognosis is generally favorable for acute rhinosinusitis, and many cases appear to resolve even without antibiotic therapy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Complications and prognosis Complete resolution after treatment should be expected in the vast majority of cases. [patient.info]

Upper Respiratory Infection Prognosis (Outlook) Upper respiratory infections are a common occurrence and most people will get two to four colds per year. [emedicinehealth.com]

10,387 (36.6%) were positive for at least one etiology. [journals.plos.org]

Lung puncture in the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia. Am J Dis Child. 1971;122:278-282. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline 33. Escobar JA, Dover AS, Duenas A, et al. Etiology of respiratory tract infections in children in Cali, Columbia. [journals.sagepub.com]

Paediatric patients with known etiology of LRTI were not included in the study. [scitechnol.com]

There is little information on the viral and bacterial etiology of severe pneumonia in Sudan where the disease burden is particularly high. [academicjournals.org]

Harris JA, Huskins WC, Langley JM, Siegel JD Pediatric Special Interest Group of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of A. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Developmental aspects of respiratory anatomy and mechanics are of great importance in the pathophysiology of LRTI and explain why children with the condition are more susceptible to respiratory insufficiency compared to adults. [nvic.nl]

The student will be able to differentiate among the epidemiologies of infections caused by these organisms, and the underlying pathophysiology of disease. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Epidemiology Has incidence of 1-3/1000 and, of those admitted to hospital the mortality is 10% Pathophysiology Basically, viruses or bacteria gets into your lower respiratory tract and you get an infection. Go figure. [medrevise.co.uk]

Pathophysiology There is no hard and fast definition of LRTI that is universally agreed upon. Essentially, it is inflammation of the airways/pulmonary tissue, due to viral or bacterial infection, below the level of the larynx. [patient.info]

Respiratory syncytial virus puzzle: clinical features, pathophysiology, treatment and prevention. J Pediatr, 121 (1992), pp. 503-510 [29.] A. Sahib El-Radhi, W. Barry, S. Patel. Association of fever and severe clinical course in bronchiolitis. [analesdepediatria.org]

(November 6, 2017) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Features: Pneumonia can be prevented—vaccines can help. Available online at https://www.cdc.gov/Features/Pneumonia/. Accessed on September 8, 2018. [labtestsonline.it]

More research is needed to see if taking a vitamin D supplement can help to prevent respiratory infections. [vitamindcouncil.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [mlo-online.com]

Although this may not ease your own symptoms, it will prevent you from spreading infectious diseases. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes and mouth, to prevent introducing germs into your system. [healthline.com]

Share on Pinterest Washing the hands frequently can help prevent lower respiratory tract infections. [medicalnewstoday.com]