A discussion based on the review of literature is presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Splenomegaly

  Follow-up showed increased physical activity, improved respiratory status, and resolution of splenomegaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Clinical findings were pain, fever, anorexia, dizziness, dyspnea, weight loss, cough, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. [ijph.tums.ac.ir]

  In the first half of the twentieth century as many as 42% of black schoolchildren in the Delta had splenomegaly indicative of active malaria infection, and almost twice as many blacks died from malaria as whites [2]. [doi.org]

• Fever

  Visceral larva migrans may present with systemic symptoms such as fever, hepatomegaly, pneumonitis or ocular symptoms. A 7-year-old girl with fever, pain abdomen and persistent eosinophilia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pain

  A 7-year-old girl with fever, pain abdomen and persistent eosinophilia. Imaging and histopathology were suggestive of visceral larva migrans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Veterinarian

  Veterinarians must be prepared to take a leading role in the education of their clients as to the potential of the disease for the children associated with new puppies, and the measures parents can take to reduce the exposure potential. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Toxocara cati visceral larva migrans, man with presenting symptoms of eosinophilia, headache, and fatigue, high antibody titers to T. cati, worked as veterinarian and owned pet cat, improvement with thiabendazole Disease transmission, Animal to man Toxocara [agris.fao.org]

  Zoonotic ascarids and hookworms: The role for veterinarians in preventing human disease. Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian 2002;24(1)(Suppl):47-52. Beaver PC. [web.archive.org]

  I’m sitting in my usual study spot, at my favorite cafe, composing my final post for Merck Manuals Vet Student Stories as a student veterinarian. I’m in shock that these... More Featured [merckvetmanual.com]

• Fatigue

  Patient 1 was a 45-year-old man who presented to our university hospital complaining of mild fever, general fatigue, and headache. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Toxocara cati visceral larva migrans, man with presenting symptoms of eosinophilia, headache, and fatigue, high antibody titers to T. cati, worked as veterinarian and owned pet cat, improvement with thiabendazole Disease transmission, Animal to man Toxocara [agris.fao.org]

  Clinical manifestations of VLM involving the liver include fever, fatigue, abdominal pain and hepatomegaly [ 7 ]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  Although most infected individuals are asymptomatic, clinical manifestations may include fever, fatigue, coughing, wheezing, or abdominal pain (visceral toxocariasis) or vision loss, retina damage, or eye inflammation (ocular toxocariasis). [ajtmh.org]

  His medical history was clear according to his parents, until 2 weeks before admission, when he developed severe dry cough without dyspnea, mild chest pain, generalized fatigue and abdominal pain. [degruyter.com]

• Anemia

  There was marked eosinophilia with leukocytosis, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated serum Ig E titers. Toxocariasis was confirmed by anti-Toxocara IgG and Western blot. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Larvae of the parasite invade the liver, causing hepatomegaly with extreme eosinophilia, and usually fever and anemia. Migration of the larvae to other organs may result in pneumonitis, encephalitis or myocarditis. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  On admission, hematological examination of peripheral blood showed iron deficiency anemia (Hemoglobin 7.5 g/dl), leukocytosis (40,000 cells/mm 3 ) accompanied by marked eosinophilia (25,000 cells/mm 3 ). [degruyter.com]

  In this study, the adult patient presented with eosinophilic cellulitis, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and a positive ELISA for T. canis. The incubation period for Toxocara canis and cati eggs depends on temperature and humidity. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] larvae, or from infective larvae passed in their dam’s milk ( A. caninum ). 2 Hookworms suck large amounts of blood from their hosts and while infected animals may look healthy in the first week of life, they can develop a rapidly severe, often fatal, anemia [web.archive.org]

• Cough

  The patient received a 10-day course of albendazole (400 mg orally twice daily) and demonstrated significant clinical improvement with resolution of cough and pulmonary function abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dyspnea

  The patient, a resident of the middle Kyushu area who was found of eating raw porcine liver, complained of dry cough without dyspnea. The chest radiography showed a migration of infiltrative shadow. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Clinical findings were pain, fever, anorexia, dizziness, dyspnea, weight loss, cough, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. [ijph.tums.ac.ir]

  Previous studies mentioned that pulmonary involvement could cause cough, wheeze and dyspnea. These manifestations might mimic to bronchitis, pneumonia, or asthma. [degruyter.com]

  When symptoms manifested, the following presenting symptoms were noted: cough or sputum ( n = 9), chest tightness or pain ( n = 3), dyspnea ( n = 2), blood-tinged sputum ( n = 1), upper right abdominal pain ( n = 1), ocular symptoms ( n = 1), skin lesions [ajronline.org]

• Dry Cough

  The patient, a resident of the middle Kyushu area who was found of eating raw porcine liver, complained of dry cough without dyspnea. The chest radiography showed a migration of infiltrative shadow. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  His medical history was clear according to his parents, until 2 weeks before admission, when he developed severe dry cough without dyspnea, mild chest pain, generalized fatigue and abdominal pain. [degruyter.com]

• Diarrhea

  Mario Muñoz Monroy”, of Matanzas with fever, diarrhea, dry cought, asthenia, anorexia and weight loss.Visceral larva migrans was diagnosed. [pesquisa.bvsalud.org]

  As with Toxocara cati, diarrhea can result from Toxascaris leonina and deworming is needed to control symptoms and prevent contagion. [veterinarypartner.com]

  An estimated 300,000 cases of cryptosporidiosis also occur annually [123], and this infection has emerged as a leading cause of recreational water outbreaks of diarrhea in the US and among patients with HIV/AIDS [147]. [doi.org]

• Geophagia

  Medical history included reactive airway disease and geophagia (pica). Serology for Toxocara canis revealed elevated IgG and IgM titers. Ophthalmologic evaluation ruled out ocular larva migrans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Their definitive hosts are the domestic dog and cat, in which they live as adults within the lumen of the small intestine. 1 Humans become infected after ingesting embryonated eggs from soil (geophagia, pica) or after exposure to dirty hands, raw vegetables [n.neurology.org]

• Hepatomegaly

  Visceral larva migrans may present with systemic symptoms such as fever, hepatomegaly, pneumonitis or ocular symptoms. A 7-year-old girl with fever, pain abdomen and persistent eosinophilia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  CT showed small multiple low-density areas up to 15 mm located mainly in the periportal region in the right lobe of liver with associated hepatomegaly ( Figure 2 ). [em-consulte.com]

• Hepatosplenomegaly

  In this study, the adult patient presented with eosinophilic cellulitis, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and a positive ELISA for T. canis. The incubation period for Toxocara canis and cati eggs depends on temperature and humidity. [en.wikipedia.org]

  This parasite infection induces variable manifestations, including muscle pain, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory symptoms, and abdominal pain. However, most patients do not manifest definitive symptoms [ 1 - 3 ]. [kjim.org]

  Hepatosplenomegaly and evidence of multisystem disease and history of pica make the diagnosis of VLM more likely. Similarly, OLM should be suspected in any child with unilateral vision loss and strabismus. [doi.org]

• Unilateral Blindness

  Ocular involvement may cause loss of visual acuity or unilateral blindness. Pulmonary and hepatic forms can cause protracted symptoms if the patient does not receive treatment. Race No ethnic predilection for toxocariasis has been reported. [emedicine.com]

• Urticaria

  Nineteen patients diagnosed with recidivous acute urticaria (RAU) caused by Anisakis simplex and 26 patients diagnosed with visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Toxocara canis were studied employing commercial diagnostic kits and "in house" assay kits [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Guidelines for evaluation and management of urticaria in adults and children. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Dec. 157(6):1116-23. [Medline]. Petithory JC. [Visceral and cutaneous larva migrans]. Rev Prat. 2007 Nov 30. 57(18):1977-83. [Medline]. Lim JH. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Seizure

  Involvement of nervous system by toxocariasis is rare and can produce a spectrum of pathology that includes eosinophillic meningoencephalitis, meningomyelitis, space occupying lesions, vasculitis causing seizures or behavioral abnormalities posing diagnostic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Affected organs can include the liver, heart (causing myocarditis) and the CNS (causing dysfunction, seizures, and coma). A special variant is ocular larva migrans where usually T. canis larvae travel to the eye. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Similarly, in the brain, T. canis has been implicated as one of the causes of so-called idiopathic seizure disorders ( 9 ), as well as a cause of functional intestinal disorders ( 25 ). [doi.org]

  Children can present with severe infection and can suffer from seizures, myocarditis, and encephalitis. Death has also been reported in some cases. Pathophysiology Children contract Toxocara infections by ingesting embryonated eggs. [emedicine.medscape.com]

This difference in follow-up interval was unavoidable because no guideline for imaging workup and follow-up of pulmonary toxocariasis has been established to date. [ajronline.org]

• Hyperglobulinemia

  Eosinophilia, leukocytosis and hyperglobulinemia were the most frequent laboratory findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In general the clinical and laboratory abnormalities (hepatomegaly, recurrent pneumonia, eosinophilia, and hyperglobulinemia) usually associated with visceral disease are absent in children with ocular abnormalities. [jamanetwork.com]

  Common clinical manifestations are marked eosinophilia and hyperglobulinemia, caused by the host immune response to the larval helminths [ 1 ]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Toxocara Canis

  Convert to ICD-10-CM : 128.0 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM B83.0 Visceral larva migrans Approximate Synonyms Infection by Toxocara canis Infection due to Toxocara Toxocara canis infection Applies To Larva migrans visceralis Toxocara (canis) [icd9data.com]

  PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the MRI findings of visceral larva migrans (VLS) of Toxocara canis in spinal cord. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search illness of humans caused by larvae (immature worms) of the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis), the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati) or the fox roundworm (Toxocara canis) Infection by Toxascaris (disorder) Toxocara [wikidata.org]

• Toxocara Cati

  Toxocara cati visceral larva migrans, man with presenting symptoms of eosinophilia, headache, and fatigue, high antibody titers to T. cati, worked as veterinarian and owned pet cat, improvement with thiabendazole Disease transmission, Animal to man Toxocara [agris.fao.org]

  From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search illness of humans caused by larvae (immature worms) of the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis), the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati) or the fox roundworm (Toxocara canis) Infection by Toxascaris (disorder) Toxocara [wikidata.org]

  Toxocariasis is an infection caused by the ingestion of larvae of the dog Toxocara canis or the cat Toxocara cati. A 2.5 year old boy was admitted to our clinics with fever, abdominal pain and loss of appetite. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] canis and Toxocara cati. [icdlist.com]

  There are two species of roundworms affecting cats and kittens: Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina. Toxocara cati is generally felt to be more harmful to cats but Toxascaris leonina is able to infect both dogs and cats. [veterinarypartner.com]

One of the patients underwent liver resection while post-treatment follow-up scan at 6 months in the remaining two displayed regression of the lesions with antihelminthic treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment of ocular toxocariasis is more difficult and usually consists of measures to prevent progressive damage to the eye. More on: Resources For Health Professionals: Treatment [web.archive.org]

Treatment Treatment with albendazole or mebendazole is indicated for visceral toxocariasis, although optimal duration of treatment is undefined. [cdc.gov]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Clinicians should consider hepatic toxocariasis as a possible diagnosis in any individual who presents with eosinophilia of unknown etiology and an ill-defined hepatic lesion on CT imaging. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A consistent chapter format enables you to rapidly and effortlessly locate the most current protocols on manifestations, etiologies, triggers, approaches to treatment, complications, and preventative strategies. [books.google.com]

The etiology of visceral larva migrans. J Parasitol 1956;42:349–362 Google Scholar Copyright information © Springer-Verlag New York Inc 1994 Authors and Affiliations R. Jain 1 S. Sawhney 1 D. K. Bhargava 2 S. K. Panda 3 M. Berry 1 1. [link.springer.com]

Neurohelminthiasis as a cause of multiple abscesses, though rare, should be entertained as a differential diagnosis particularly in tropical South-east Asian countries where helminthiasis is still an epidemiological concern prevalent in the pediatric [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Overgaauw PA (1997) Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology - human toxocarosis. Crit Rev Microbiol 23, 215-231. Jones W L (1979) Toxocara canis. J Am Optometric Assoc 50, 450-454. [vetstream.com]

A review of the geographic distribution and epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the New World. ‏ الصفحة 54 - Hendrix TR: Epithelial and other mucosal lesions of the jejunum in giardiasis. Jejunal biopsy studies. [books.google.com]

The results were considered to represent the pathophysiology of this entity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology: Human infection with Toxocara, the parasitic larvae of canine or feline roundworms, is known as visceral larval migrans (VLM) systemically and ocular larva migrans (OLM) when it affects the eye. [web.archive.org]

Pathophysiology Children contract Toxocara infections by ingesting embryonated eggs. The larvae hatch in the small intestine, invade the mucosa, and enter the portal system. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prevention is the most important strategy because of the high prevalence of T. canis in urban areas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However studies by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have found that, among all age groups, toxocariasis is more common in non-Hispanic blacks than in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. [emedicine.com]

Treatment of ocular toxocariasis is more difficult and usually consists of measures to prevent progressive damage to the eye. More on: Resources For Health Professionals: Treatment [web.archive.org]

Prevention of toxocariasis includes good hygiene practices, immediate disposal of pet faeces and education about the risk of infection due to consumption of raw meat. [casereports.bmj.com]