Int J Gynecol Cancer 2002;12(5):490-5] against proposed performance indicators to illustrate the deficiencies in current data presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Apoptotic keratinocytes are present. Granular yellow pigment (hemosiderin?) is present in the epidermis. The epidermis is not significantly thickened. The lesional cells extend to the lateral edges of the tissue. [librepathology.org]

• Vulvar Irritation

  Other cases of VIN are associated with conditions that cause chronic vulvar irritation such as squamous cell hyperplasia (lichen simplex chronicus), lichen sclerosus or lichen planus. [colposcopycenter.com]

  The following factors have been associated with VIN: HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) HSV-2 (Herpes simplex Virus - Type 2) Smoking Immunosuppression Chronic vulvar irritation Conditions such as Lichen Sclerosus The person may have no symptoms, or local symptomatology [en.wikipedia.org]

  Many were irritating to the vulvar tissue and the patient discontinued their use. [ndnr.com]

• Genital Lesions

  Inadequacy of standard treatment of genital lesions in HIV+ patients. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1994;47:273 35 Spitzer M. Lower genital tract intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women: Guidelines for evaluation and management. [glowm.com]

Numbers of primary treatments were well described but the indications for treatment, completeness of excision and VIN subclassification were not. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although large, multicentre studies are needed to definitively assess the involvement of HPV in the prognosis of VSCC, most studies have not found clear differences in survival between HPV-associated and HPV-independent tumours. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vulvar cancer is usually associated with a poor prognosis. [amboss.com]

The prognosis of patients with vulvar cancer is generally good when appropriate treatment is initiated in a timely fashion. [aafp.org]

How to help yourself if you have been diagnosed with VIN Stop smoking – it has a direct link with VIN HPV vaccines have shown to decrease the risk of VIN, cervical cancer, and genital warts Treat or manage underlying lichen sclerosus when present The prognosis [allthingsvagina.com]

What is the outlook (prognosis)? All the above treatments have a good chance of clearing VIN. However, with any treatment, even when successful, there is a fair chance that the VIN will return at some point in the future. [patient.info]

[…] nonneoplastic squamous epithelia of the vulva as an apparently early and preinvasive event in the neoplastic transformation, with development of cellular longevity and resistance to apoptosis by survivin activation as associated features, independent of the etiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vaginal cancer is closely related to vulvar cancer in terms of etiology and histology, but it occurs inside the vagina (typically the posterior third of the vaginal wall), rather than the vulva. [amboss.com]

Although u-VIN is etiologically associated with the human papillomavirus (HPVs) infection, d-VIN represents an alternative HPV negative pathway of vulvar carcinogenesis. In 2004, the u-VIN I category was abandoned and u-VIN II and III were merged. [humpath.com]

[…] in a background of lichen sclerosus and chronic inflammatory dermatoses Risk factors include older age, irritation, inflammation, oxidative and ischemic stress Sites Usually confined to nonhair bearing areas or external sides of atrophic labia minora Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

This review describes the relevant aspects of squamous VIN, vulvar Paget's disease and melanoma in situ, its epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, management and malignant potential. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This may be the result of improved surveillance and treatment of VIN, or the apparent increase in cases of VIN in younger women. 3 Etiology and Pathophysiology VIN is the associated preneoplastic condition that is associated with the loss of epithelial [basicmedicalkey.com]

The goal is to prevent development of invasive vulvar cancer while preserving normal vulvar anatomy and function. The authors describe the case of a 37-year-old woman affected by a biopsy-proven VIN 3 involving the entire external genitalia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These features prevent the drawing of a direct analogy between vulvar and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. [jcp.bmj.com]