Int J Gynecol Cancer 2002;12(5):490-5] against proposed performance indicators to illustrate the deficiencies in current data presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Apoptotic keratinocytes are present. Granular yellow pigment (hemosiderin?) is present in the epidermis. The epidermis is not significantly thickened. The lesional cells extend to the lateral edges of the tissue. [librepathology.org]

• Genital Lesions

  Inadequacy of standard treatment of genital lesions in HIV+ patients. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1994;47:273 35 Spitzer M. Lower genital tract intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women: Guidelines for evaluation and management. [glowm.com]

[…] appropriately.[1] Treatment / Management The ideal treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia involves the complete destruction of the lesion, improving symptoms, and preserving vulvar function.[1] Treatment options include medical, surgical, expectant [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis The prognosis of biopsy-confirmed vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia that receives prompt treatment is uniformly good. There is rarely progression to invasive cancer unless treatment is declined or markedly delayed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vulvar cancer is usually associated with a poor prognosis. [amboss.com]

Hording U, et al: Human papillomavirus in vulvar squamous-cell carcinoma and in normal vulvar tissues: a search for a possible impact of HPV on vulvar cancer prognosis. Int J Cancer 1993;55:394–396. [karger.com]

The prognosis of patients with vulvar cancer is generally good when appropriate treatment is initiated in a timely fashion. [aafp.org]

[…] nonneoplastic squamous epithelia of the vulva as an apparently early and preinvasive event in the neoplastic transformation, with development of cellular longevity and resistance to apoptosis by survivin activation as associated features, independent of the etiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vaginal cancer is closely related to vulvar cancer in terms of etiology and histology, but it occurs inside the vagina (typically the posterior third of the vaginal wall), rather than the vulva. [amboss.com]

Although u-VIN is etiologically associated with the human papillomavirus (HPVs) infection, d-VIN represents an alternative HPV negative pathway of vulvar carcinogenesis. In 2004, the u-VIN I category was abandoned and u-VIN II and III were merged. [humpath.com]

This review describes the relevant aspects of squamous VIN, vulvar Paget's disease and melanoma in situ, its epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, management and malignant potential. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Objectives: Describe the pathophysiology of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Identify risk factors for developing vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Identify the etiology of the vulvar lesion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This may be the result of improved surveillance and treatment of VIN, or the apparent increase in cases of VIN in younger women. 3 Etiology and Pathophysiology VIN is the associated preneoplastic condition that is associated with the loss of epithelial [basicmedicalkey.com]

The goal is to prevent development of invasive vulvar cancer while preserving normal vulvar anatomy and function. The authors describe the case of a 37-year-old woman affected by a biopsy-proven VIN 3 involving the entire external genitalia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These features prevent the drawing of a direct analogy between vulvar and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. [jcp.bmj.com]