Dr Mohd Shah was testifying in the trial of Indonesian Siti Aisyah, 25, and Vietnamese Doan Thi Huong, 28, who are both charged with four others still at large, with the murder of Kim, 45, at the departure hall of the KLIA2 at 9am on Feb 13. [thestar.com.my]

Aisyah and the Vietnamese suspect Doan Thi Huong have pleaded not guilty to murder charges that could bring the death penalty if they are convicted. [chicagotribune.com]

The primary suspect is a woman in her 20s holding a Vietnamese passport in the name of Doan Thi Huong. [scientificamerican.com]

The trial is being closely watched by the Indonesian and Vietnamese governments, which hired the defense lawyers for both women. [latimes.com]

The trial is being closely watched by the Indonesian and Vietnamese governments, which hired the defence lawyers for both women. [theguardian.com]

Dr Mohd Shah Mahmood, 57, a forensic pathologist at Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), testified that the body was brought into the emergency department of Hospital Putrajaya at 11am on Feb 13, this year. [thestar.com.my]

Mohamad Shah Mahmood, one of two pathologists who examined Kim’s body, told the court that “the cause of death is acute VX nerve agent poisoning,” and that there were no other contributing factors. [snopes.com]

Chemical pathologist Nur Ashikin Othman, who examined his body, said the victim had extremely low levels of an enzyme vital for nervous system function in his body, due to poisoning. [news.sky.com]

Blood tests on the two murder suspects showed they had normal enzyme levels, said chemical pathologist Nur Ashikin Othman on the second day of their trial in Malaysia’s High Court. [nypost.com]

On the third day of the murder trial of the two suspects, a pathologist said VX was detected in Kim Jong Nam’s eye mucus, on his face, in his blood and on his clothing. [newsinfo.inquirer.net]

Eyes will swell, tear and possibly go blind a few hours after exposure, and when inhaled or ingested, victims will experience sneezing, hoarseness, coughing up blood, abdominal pain and vomiting. But exposure to mustard gas is not always fatal. [nationalinterest.org]

Symptoms of VX poisoning include constriction of the pupils, headache, runny nose, and nasal congestion, chest tightness, giddiness, anxiety, and nausea, eventually progressing to convulsions and respiratory failure. [science.jrank.org]

Symptoms of VX poisoning include constriction of the pupils, headache, runny nose, nasal congestion, chest tightness, giddiness, anxiety, and nausea, eventually progressing to convulsions and respiratory failure. [encyclopedia.com]

Assassination of King Jong Nam Suspect arrested over the nerve agent assassination of Kim Jong Nam., PTI Written By PTI Updated: Mar 1, 2017, 05:42 PM IST North Korea is strongly denying the findings of a Malaysian autopsy that suggest the deadly VX nerve [dnaindia.com]

Subramaniam also said the postmortem, excluding the verification process, was complete and would be handed over to Malaysian police for further investigation. [risingbd.com]

Surveillance cameras captured the moment Kim's face was wiped allegedly with VX [Reuters] Subramaniam also said the postmortem, excluding the verification process, was complete and would be handed over to Malaysian police for further investigation. [aljazeera.com]

Over the next several years several more compounds were added to the V gas series, in which the V symbolizes its long lifespan. [creationwiki.org]

It is too dangerous to use near friendly soldiers and can kill people even weeks after a battle is over. [dw.com]

People exposed to low, non-fatal doses of VX may experience increased heart rate, blurred vision, chest tightness, abnormally low or high blood pressure, drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea, drooling, pain and weakness. [usatoday.com]

Other symptoms Although asphyxiation is usually the ultimate cause of death, exposure to AChE inhibitors has a wide range of symptoms, including runny nose, drooling and contraction of the pupils. [theconversation.com]

Smaller, non-fatal doses can cause a wide range of symptoms that include increased heart rate, blurred vision, nausea, diarrhea, drooling, pain and weakness. Even just small doses can cause confusion and drowsiness. [cnn.com]

Autonomic nervous system symptoms include constricted pupils, reduced vision and other visual effects, drooling, sweating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. [encyclopedia.com]

The result of this is involuntary crying, drooling and vomiting, all muscles start to have violent spasms, and the body starts to convulse. [imdb.com]

Regarding the media reports that Kim had what appeared to be foam around his mouth, Nakagawa said in the letter, "Because VX causes an increase of secretion in the respiratory tract, I find no discrepancy in assuming that it was VX-triggered symptoms. [mainichi.jp]

But it then shows Kim walking apparently steadily to solicit help for several minutes, with none of the usual symptoms such as spasms or foaming at the mouth. The attacker was handling a cloth with no apparent protection, not wielding a syringe. [newscientist.com]

Excessive acetylcholine corroborates what has been reported and seen in the videos taken just after the attack, including uncontrolled salivation that will cause "foaming at the mouth," vomiting, tearing, involuntary defecation and urination, tiny pinpoint [tonic.vice.com]

“For example, if it’s a secretion in the mouth, it will make the person foam at the mouth,” he said. If it’s tear ducts, it will make you cry. if its muscles in the leg, it will make the muscles twitch.” [pbs.org]

PTI Written By PTI Updated: Mar 1, 2017, 05:42 PM IST North Korea is strongly denying the findings of a Malaysian autopsy that suggest the deadly VX nerve agent was used to kill leader Kim Jong Un's half brother or "Kim Chol, a citizen of (North Korea [dnaindia.com]

Now, the preponderance of the facts suggest that it may be closer to becoming a reality. The threat that a warhead with WC or with radioactive materials, commonly known as “Dirty Head”, DH, cannot be set aside anymore as a very remote possibility. [chemsee.com]

Suggestions were made that some form of cyanide may have been used or more speculatively ricin. The media in Japan suggested tetrodotoxin as the agent. [scientificamerican.com]

Looking at the events first, toxicology reports suggest Kim was killed by the nerve agent VX, classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. [health.spectator.co.uk]

Billy suggested one or two women apply the toxic substance to Kim's face from behind ... insight on reeds a hostile ... question still remained about how the attack is applied to chemical ... without harming themselves ... experts believe North Korea [wsj.com]

It should be noted that panic attacks around such events can result in injuries since many people try to escape the effected location. [chemsee.com]